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1.
尹念龙 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(8):82-83
对51名女大学生初次参加健美课一学年前后的研究指标进行测试，对数据进行统计分析，结果表明，除胸围外，女生健身课前后身体各部分的围度、皮皱厚度体重、体脂量、体脂率、瘦体重均有明显的变化，健身课对女生能消除脂肪，结实肌肉，塑造完美体型，提高速度和力量素质，但制约了柔韧和力量素质的发展。 相似文献
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测量体成分有多种方式，包括医院常使用的医疗仪器断层扫瞄法、一般健身俱乐部或家庭使用的电阻抗法和研究机构常用的水下称重法、排空气法和测量皮下脂肪厚度等等方式。另外最简单的方法是利用身高及体重来换算。即以身高与体重换算成身体质量指数的方式，计算公式为： 相似文献
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人体组成成分的间接测定方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
陈文鹤 《上海体育学院学报》1990,(1)
本文介绍了间接测定人体组成成分的四种实验方法:一、水下称重法;二、皮褶厚度式皮脂厚度测定法;三、生化方法;四、生物电阻抗法。 相似文献
4.
皮褶厚度法间接测定中国人身体脂肪含量公式的初步建立 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以不同年龄、不同性别的一般人群为实验对象,分别采用皮褶法和水下称重法测定身体脂肪含量。结果发现,采用国外皮褶公式求得的体脂含量与经典水下称重法相比有显著性差异。实验表明,测定我国人群的脂肪含量不宜直接套用国外皮褶公式。实验以水下称重法为标准,采用逐步回归初步建立了适合我国人的皮褶厚度推算身体脂肪含量的回归方程 相似文献
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本文采用文献资料法、数理统计法和对比分析法，通过测试太原两家俱乐部的学员在练习健身操后体重及身体围度的变化，来探讨健身操合适的运动时间和运动强度，从而为健身操教练提供参考。 相似文献
7.
运用专家调查法及数理统计方法对组成三级足球运动员水平的测试内容进行分析筛选，确定了脚背正面颠球，单排过杆射门，定位球踢准，３０米跑，１２分钟跑等五项指标，并且制定了成绩查分表及评定标准。经验证，内容效度专家确认率达８１．２５％，结构效度有效性系数为０．９０４，可靠性检验Ｐ＜０．０１。 相似文献
8.
通过对２３位专家的调查和对调查结果的统计筛选，确定了５项体育教育专业学生二级足球运动员水平测试指标．经验证结构效度Ｐ＜０．０１，说明指标在结构上是合理的、有效的、符合足球运动特征．可靠性检验结果Ｐ＜０．０１，说明测试具有较高的稳定性和可靠性． 相似文献
9.
广西壮族中小学生体质调查 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
我们于２０００年９－１１月对１９９１年调研的试点校随机整群抽取６－１８岁壮族城乡男女学生５２个年龄组共５５８２人检测，作为代表广西壮族学生样本，选取身高、体重、胸围、肺活量等形态机能指标和身体素质指标进行分析比较。测试按照《２０００年全国学生体质健康状况调研工作手册》所规定指标与测试方法进行。 一、调查结果 １．壮族学生身体形态机能比较 与１９９１年相比，壮族学生身体形态机能的总体水平有提高，身高。体重、胸围、肺活量等指标分别提高０．４５ｃｍ，０．７４ｋｇ，０．２４ｃｍ，２９．５９ｍｌ。７－１８岁… 相似文献
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运用等速肌力测试、体成分测试和身体围度测试等方法对王××的身体功能情况进行系统的阶段性评估,并根据腰部损伤情况制定针对性的康复体能训练计划。 相似文献
11.
AbstractThis study measured whether self-produced movement influences haptic perception ability (experiment 1) as well as the factors associated with levels of influence (experiment 2) in racket sports. For experiment 1, the haptic perception accuracy levels of five male table tennis experts and five male novices were examined under two different conditions (no movement vs. movement). For experiment 2, the haptic afferent subsystems of five male table tennis experts and five male novices were investigated in only the self-produced movement-coupled condition. Inferential statistics (ANOVA, t-test) and custom-made devices (shock & vibration sensor, Qualisys Track Manager) of the data were used to determine the haptic perception accuracy (experiment 1, experiment 2) and its association with expertise. The results of this research show that expert-level players acquire higher accuracy with less variability (racket vibration and angle) than novice-level players, especially in their self-produced movement coupled performances. The important finding from this result is that, in terms of accuracy, the skill-associated differences were enlarged during self-produced movement. To explain the origin of this difference between experts and novices, the functional variability of haptic afferent subsystems can serve as a reference. These two factors (self-produced accuracy and the variability of haptic features) as investigated in this study would be useful criteria for educators in racket sports and suggest a broader hypothesis for further research into the effects of the haptic accuracy related to variability. 相似文献
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Daniel Jandacka Jaroslav Uchytil Roman Farana David Zahradnik Joseph Hamill 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(1):75-86
The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the barbell load that maximised the system power as well as the ankle, knee, and hip joint powers during the squat jump, and (2) to compare the system powers computed from two different methods: the centre of mass (COM) method and the barbell method. Seven male throwers were recruited in this study. The system power (COM method) and the ankle, knee, and hip joint powers were determined with the load incrementally set at 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% of one repetition maximum. The largest system power was observed at the load of 30% (p < 0.008) while the largest ankle and knee powers were observed at 70% and 0% (p < 0.05). The barbell method overestimated the system power (p < 0.001) when compared to the COM method. It was concluded that the barbell method could influence load optimisation in squat jump. The optimal barbell load which maximised the system power did not maximise the ankle, knee, or hip power simultaneously. 相似文献
13.
世界前3名男子网球运动员比赛制胜因素技术分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对ATP官方网站所公布的世界排名前3名的男子网球运动员与排名前10名的运动员比赛(共230场)的技术数据进行统计分析,得出如下结果:①ATP官方网站公布的各技术指标之间相关性属于中低水平。②建立了世界前3名男子网球运动员制胜因素个性化的标准判别方程。③建立了世界前3名男子网球运动员比赛胜负预测的Bayes判别方程。④纳达尔、费德勒和德约科维奇胜负Bayes判别方程的预测准确率分别达到92%、92%和96%。⑤在世界排名前3的男子网球运动员中,一发球得分和一发球回球得分能力是获胜关键因素。而场地因素往往会制约某一特定运动员的制胜能力。 相似文献
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目的:为提高训练和比赛中外部负荷监控的准确性,采用场地测试的方法,研制出适合我国U13~U18岁男子足球运动员体能特征的跑动速度区间。方法:在文献分析的基础上,选取最大冲刺速度(maximal sprint speed,MSS)、最大有氧速度(maximal aerobicpeed,MAS)、无氧速度储备(anaerobic speed reserve,ASR)作为构建跑速区间的体能指标参数,并对218名U13~U18岁男子足球运动员进行40 m冲刺跑和Yo-Yo IR1测试。结果:不同年龄段球员的MSS和MAS均呈现出显著性差异(F=65.28,P<0.01;F=39.95,P<0.01)。不同年龄段球员被聚类为2个年龄组(Silhouette Coefficient=0.6>0.5),其中,U13~U14年龄组走慢跑为0~8.3 km/h,低速跑为8.3~10.7 km/h,中速跑为10.7~13.2 km/h,快速跑为13.2~16.5 km/h,高速跑为16.5~20.0 km/h,冲刺跑为20 km/h以上;U15~U18年龄组走慢跑为0~9 km/h,低速跑为9.0~11.7 km/h,中速跑为11.7~14.4 km/h,快速跑为14.4~18.0 km/h,高速跑为18.0~21.9 km/h,冲刺跑为21.9 km/h以上。结论:研究所构建的跑动速度区间具有较佳的理论依据和适用性,可以更客观、精确地提高男子青少年足球运动队日常训练、比赛中外部负荷的监控水平。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):375-386
Abstract The main purpose of this article was to review a series of studies (n=23) on physical characteristics, physiological attributes, throwing velocity and accuracy, and on-court performances of male handball players – amateur players, experienced players, professional players, and players on the national team. Five main findings emerged from our review: (1) Elite players are heavier and have higher fat-free mass than amateur players. (2) The maximal oxygen uptake of male players is between 50 and 60 ml · kg?1 · min?1. (3) Throwing velocity is higher by as much as 9% in elite male players compared with amateur male players. (4) Heart rates can rise above 160 beats · min?1 in male players during a game. (5) On-court distance covered in a game averaged approximately 4 km and ranged between 2 and 5 km, depending on playing position. Our methodological concerns based on the reviewed studies are: (a) a lack of on-court physiological data; (b) a lack of experimental/manipulative studies; (c) limited data on throwing accuracy; and (d) a lack of longitudinal studies. The practical implications include: (a) strength and power exercises should be emphasized in conditioning programmes, as they are associated with both sprint performance and throwing velocity; (b) speed and agility drills should also be implemented in conditioning programmes; and (c) specificity of training based upon the position of the player is of great importance when planning strength and conditioning programmes. 相似文献
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Purpose:This study aimed to determine the accuracy of a 4 split time modelling method to generate velocity-time and velocity-distance variables in elite male 100-m sprinters and subsequently to assess the roles of key sprint parameters with respect to 100-m sprint performance.Additionally,this study aimed to assess the differences between faster and slower sprinters in key sprint variables that have not been assessed in previous work.Methods:Velocity-time and velocity-distance curves were generated using a mono-exponential function from 4 split times for 82 male sprinters during major athletics competitions.Key race variables-maximum velocity,the acceleration time constant(τ),and percentage of velocity lost(vLoss)-were derived for each athlete.Athletes were divided into tertiles,based on 100-m time,with the first and third tertiles considered to be the faster and slower groups,respectively,to facilitate further analysis.Results:Modelled split times and velocities displayed excellent accuracy and close agreement with raw measures(range of mean bias was-0.2%to 0.2%,and range of intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)was 0.935 to 0.999)except for 10-m time(mean bias was 1.6%±1.3%,and the ICC was 0.600).The 100-m sprint performance time and all 20-m split times had a significant near-perfect negative correlation with maximum velocity(r≥-0.90)except for the 0 to 20-m split time,where a significantly large negative correlation was found(r=-0.57).The faster group had a significantly higher maximum velocity andτ(p<0.001),and no significant difference was found for vLoss(p=0.085).Conclusion:Coaches and researchers are encouraged to utilize the 4 split time method proposed in the current study to assess several key race variables that describe a sprinter’s performance capacities,which can be subsequently used to further inform training. 相似文献
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Catarina N. Matias Diana A. Santos David A. Fields Luis B. Sardinha Analiza M. Silva 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1225-1233
Abstract Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) provides an affordable and practical assessment of fat-free mass (FFM). However, little information is available on the assessment of changes in fat-free mass in top-level athletes using BIS. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of BIS in tracking changes in fat-free mass of elite male judo athletes from a period of weight stability to just before competition, using the four-compartment model (4C model) as reference method. In total, 27 elite male judo athletes (age 22.2 ± 2.8 years) were evaluated. Measures of body volume assessed by air displacement plethysmography, bone mineral content by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and total-body water assessed with deuterium dilution were used in a 4C model. Fat-free mass was also assessed by BIS (FFMBIS). Changes in FFMBIS were not significantly different from measured by the reference method (P = 0.000). Furthermore, the r 2 was 0.62 and the standard error of the estimate was 1.03 kg. The limits of agreement ranged from ?3.36 to 2.59 kg with no bias observed. These findings demonstrate the viability of BIS as a valid tool for tracking fat-free mass in elite male judo athletes. However, based on the wide limits of agreement observed, BIS is less valid at an individual level for tracking fat-free mass in these athletes. 相似文献
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Abstract Controversy surrounds the influence that caffeine has on accuracy and cognitive performance in precision activities such as shooting and archery. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of two doses of caffeine on shooting performance, reaction time, and target tracking times in the sport of clay target shooting. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design was undertaken by seven elite male shooters from the double-trap discipline. Three intervention trials (2 mg caffeine · kg?1 body mass (BM); 4 mg caffeine · kg?1 BM; placebo) were undertaken, in which shooters completed four rounds per trial of 50 targets per round. Performance accuracy (score) and digital video footage (for determination of reaction time and target tracking times) were gathered during competition. Data were analysed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. No differences in shooting accuracy, reaction time or target tracking times among the three intervention trials or across the four rounds within each intervention were observed (P > 0.05). The results indicate that ingestion of ≤4 mg caffeine · kg?1 BM does not provide performance benefits to elite performers of clay target shooting in the double-trap discipline. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):499-508
Abstract The prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorders vary from 0–19% in male athletes and 6–45% in female athletes. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of eating disorders in adolescent and adult athletes including: (1) prevalence data; (2) suggested sport- and gender-specific risk factors and (3) importance of early detection, management and prevention of eating disorders. Additionally, this paper presents suggestions for future research which includes: (1) the need for knowledge regarding possible gender-specific risk factors and sport- and gender-specific prevention programmes for eating disorders in sports; (2) suggestions for long-term follow-up for female and male athletes with eating disorders and (3) exploration of a possible male athlete triad. 相似文献
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Larsen GE George JD Alexander JL Fellingham GW Aldana SG Parcell AC 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2002,73(1):66-72
The purpose of this study was to develop a submaximal, 1.5-mile endurance test for college-aged students using walking, jogging, or running exercise. College students (N = 101: 52 men, 47 women), ages 18-26years, successfully completed the 1.5-mile test twice, and a maximal graded exercise test. Participants were instructed to achieve a "somewhat hard" exercise intensity (rating of perceived exertion = 13) and maintain a steady pace throughout each 1.5-mile test. Multiple linear regression generated the following prediction equation: VO2 max = 65.404 + 7.707 x gender (1 = male; 0 =female) - 0.159 x body mass (kg) - 0.843 x elapsed exercise time (min; walking, jogging orrunning). This equation shows acceptable validity (R = .86, SEE = 3.37 ml x kg(-1) min(-1)) similar to the accuracy of comparable field tests, and reliability (ICC = .93) is also comparable to similar models. The statistical shrinkage is minimal (R(press) = 0.85, SEE(press) = 3.51 ml x kg(-) x min(-1)); hence, it should provide comparable results when applied to other similar samples. A regression model (R =.90, and SEE = 2.87 ml x kg(-1) min(-1)) including exercise heart rate was also developed: VO2 max = 100.162 +/- 7.301 x gender(1 = male; 0 =female) - 0.164 x body mass (kg) - 1.273 x elapsed exercise time -0.156 x exercise heart rate, for those who have access to electronic heart rate monitors. This submaximal 1.5-mile test accurately predicts maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) without measuring heart rate and is similar to the 1.5-mile run in that it allowsfor mass testing and requires only a flat, measured distance and a stopwatch. Further, it can accommodate a wide range of fitness levels (from walkers to runners). 相似文献