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Annesi JJ Unruh JL Marti CN Gorjala S Tennant G 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2011,82(1):99-108
The link between physical activity and weight loss has precipitated interest in interventions to foster adherence to exercise. It has been suggested that treatment effects, when significant, should be analyzed to determine theory-based mediators. This research assessed possible mediation of changes in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Self-Efficacy, Total Mood Disturbance, and Body Areas Satisfaction scores on the relationship between exercise session attendance and participation by obese women in a 6-month treatment based on tenets ofsocial cognitive theory (n=73) or a control condition (n=64). Participation in the treatment was associated with significantly greater exercise session attendance and significantly greater improvements in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Barriers Self Efficacy, and Body Areas Satisfaction. Overall, changes in the assessed psychological factors demonstrated significant mediation of the association between group membership and exercise session attendance, R2 = .23, with only change in Physical Self-Concept scores providing a significant unique contribution. Extensions of this research across different sample types, and with longer durations, were suggested to refine theory and, ultimately, improve exercise adherence treatments. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):159-163
Abstract A preliminary field study was conducted to estimate relationships between changes in feelings states occurring from before to after 20- to 30-min bouts of moderate cardiovascular exercise, and two measures of adherence to exercise in 66 adults (M age=38?yrs, 30% males) initiating regimens of 3x/week. Positive pre- to post-exercise changes in participants’ feeling state scores ranged from 0 to 100% (M=73.2%, SD=28.8). Significant positive correlations were found between percentage of positive changes and exercise session attendance (r=0.36, p=0.003), and number of days of adherence to exercise (r=0.37, p=0.002), over 14 weeks. Results were interpreted as supporting principles of operant conditioning, and the possibility of exercise-induced feeling changes having direct reinforcing and punishing properties on the behavior of exercise in adults initiating programs. Accounting for identified correlates of exercise maintenance was suggested for extensions of this research. Applied uses of the abbreviated feeling state measure adapted for this research were suggested, after sufficient replication. 相似文献
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Mental health and quality of life were assessed before and after a one-year exercise and diet intervention among 219 healthy individuals, aged 41-50 years, with elevated risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The participants were randomized to four groups: diet (n = 55), diet and exercise (n = 67), exercise (n = 54) and no active intervention (n = 43). Quality of life was measured with one eight-item scale and two one-item scales. Mental health was measured by the General Health Questionnaire (30-item version). Depression, anxiety, feelings of competence and self-esteem, coping and social dysfunction were measured using subscales of the General Health Questionnaire. Somatic anxiety was measured by the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Check List-90. Exercise improved the total GHQ scores, perceived competence/self-esteem, and coping as measured by the GHQ subscales. There were no significant effects of diet or exercise on quality of life, depression or anxiety. A high rate of participation in the exercise programme (>70%) was associated with greater improvements in total GHQ scores, anxiety, perceived competence/self-esteem and coping. 相似文献
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《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(4):251-273
The factorial and construct validity of the Exercise Imagery Inventory (EII) were assessed with 3 separate samples of participants. In Phase 1, a 41-item measure was administered to 504 undergraduate students. Exploratory factor analysis supported a 4-factor model that explained 65% of the variance. In Phase 2, a 19-item measure was administered to a sample of 509 individuals to assess 4- and 5-factor models. During Phase 3, 724 participants completed the EII, the Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (Godin &; Shephard, 1985), and the Barriers Self-Efficacy Scale (McAuley, 1992) to further test the factor structure of the EII and correlations with exercise-related constructs. Our results supported a 4-factor model to explain the latent structure of the 19-item scale. The 4 exercise imagery factors were labeled Appearance- Health imagery, Exercise Technique, Exercise Self-efficacy, and Exercise Feelings. The EII subscales were positively correlated with exercise behavior and exercise self-efficacy. 相似文献
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Jessica E. Cornick 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(4):208-218
The current study utilized exercise self-efficacy ratings from undergraduate students to assess the factor structure of the Self-Efficacy to Regulate Exercise Scale (Bandura, 1997, 2006). An exploratory factor analysis (n = 759) indicated a two-factor model solution and three separate confirmatory factor analyses (n = 1,798) supported this assertion. However, a bifactor analysis simultaneously estimating factor loadings on a general factor and two subfactors (Emotional Issues and External Influences) indicated that the Self-Efficacy to Regulate Exercise Scale is best interpreted using the general factor and subfactors together. Additionally, structural equation models (n = 2,294) relating exercise self-efficacy and completed exercise support the assertion that a bifactor model provides the most accurate information. This study is the first to assess the factor structure of the Self-Efficacy to Regulate Exercise Scale using common factor analysis and bifactor techniques and provides evidence for the use of general factor and subfactors. 相似文献
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通过测定普通职校女生经过八周45rain体育舞蹈锻炼后心理状态和身体自尊的变化,研究体育舞蹈锻炼对普通职校女生心理与身体自尊的影响。结果：经过四周45min体育舞蹈锻炼后,PSPP总分效果显著,八周后更加明显（p〈0．05）,主要表现在身体吸引力、身体价值感和身体状况三个方面。四周运动后POMS全量表分数、紧张、抑郁和自尊差异显著（P〈0．05）,八周后全量表分数、紧张、愤怒、疲劳、精力和自尊差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论：八周45min体育舞蹈锻炼能有效地提高或改善普通女性大学生的身体自尊水平;可以有效降低普通职校生心理状态中的消极因素,提高其积极因素,有利于心理状态的改善,对普通女性学生心理健康起到促进作用。 相似文献
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Exercise, affect, and adherence: an integrated model and a case for self-paced exercise 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Williams DM 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2008,30(5):471-496
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探索大学生体测结果关注与锻炼坚持性的现状及其相互关系。通过文献法与访谈法对体测结果关注的概念及维度进行界定,自编大学生《体测结果关注问卷》,并修订大学生《锻炼坚持性问卷》,运用这两个问卷对1219名在校大学生进行调查。通过方差分析、相关分析和回归分析,发现大学生的体测结果关注与锻炼坚持性在性别、年级方面存在显著差异,体测结果关注与锻炼坚持性显著相关,体测结果关注可以预测锻炼坚持性。其中,体测自较关注是预测锻炼坚持性及努力投入与情感体验因子的主导因素,《标准》评价关注最能预测锻炼行为。研究发现了体测自较关注对锻炼坚持性的重要意义,建议在实践教学中不仅要通过结果性评价满足学生对《标准》评价的关注,更要重视通过体质增值评价提高学生对体测自较的关注,进而有效促进学生的锻炼坚持性。研究为大学生体质健康促进的教学干预提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Catherine L. Davis Phillip D. Tomporowski Colleen A. Boyle Jennifer L. Waller Patricia H. Miller Jack A. Naglieri 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(5):510-519
The study tested the effect of aerobic exercise training on executive function in overweight children. Ninety-four sedentary, overweight but otherwise healthy children (mean age = 9.2 years, body mass index ? 85th percentile) were randomized to a low-dose (20 min/day exercise), high-dose (40 min/day exercise), or control condition. Exercise sessions met 5 days/week for 15 weeks. The Cognitive Assessment System (CAS), a standardized test of cognitive processes, was administered individually before and following intervention. Analysis of covariance on posttest scores revealed effects on executive function. Group differences emerged for the CAS Planning scale (p = .03). Planning scores for the high-dose group were significantly greater than those of the control group. Exercise may prove to be a simple, yet important, method of enhancing aspects of children's mental functioning that are central to cognitive and social development. 相似文献
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福建省成年人体育锻炼现状的调查报告 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
Zhou Xiaodong 《福建体育科技》1998,(3)
通过对我省9地市10125个成年人的问卷调查,结果表明,我省成年人参与体育锻炼的意识较强,体育锻炼的消费水平处于中低档,体育锻炼增强体质的根本目的得到普遍认可．人们大都利用业余时间进行体育锻炼。免费运动场馆、公路或街道、宿舍或办公室、公园等是人们经常进行体育锻炼的主要场所。跑步等运动项目深受人们喜爱。影响参加体育锻炼的主要原因是工作忙,缺乏运动场地,缺乏技术指导等。并针对有关问题提出了建议。 相似文献
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Effects of aerobic exercise on overweight children's cognitive functioning: a randomized controlled trial 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Davis CL Tomporowski PD Boyle CA Waller JL Miller PH Naglieri JA Gregoski M 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2007,78(5):510-519
The study tested the effect of aerobic exercise training on executive function in overweight children. Ninety-four sedentary, overweight but otherwise healthy children (mean age = 9.2 years, body mass index 85th percentile) were randomized to a low-dose (20 min/day exercise), high-dose (40 min/day exercise), or control condition. Exercise sessions met 5 days/week for 15 weeks. The Cognitive Assessment System (CAS), a standardized test of cognitive processes, was administered individually before and following intervention. Analysis of covariance on posttest scores revealed effects on executive function. Group differences emerged for the CAS Planning scale (p = .03). Planning scores for the high-dose group were significantly greater than those of the control group. Exercise may prove to be a simple, yet important, method of enhancing aspects of children's mental functioning that are central to cognitive and social development. 相似文献
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Oluwatoyosi B.A. Owoeye Carolyn A. Emery Kimberley Befus Luz Palacios-Derflingher Kati Pasanen 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(20):2329-2337
ABSTRACT Adherence is a key implementation outcome that determines the effectiveness of an intervention. This study, an observational design involving coaches and players from 33 high school basketball teams, evaluated the dimensions of adherence to a basketball-specific neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up program in youth basketball. Coach adherence (daily report of team adherence) was collected prospectively. Adherence measures: cumulative utilization (proportion of total sessions possible), utilization fidelity (average # of exercises completed per NMT session), utilization frequency (average # of NMT sessions completed per week) were calculated and further evaluated for optimal adherence (≥80%, ≥10.4 exercises/session and ≥2 sessions/week, respectively) per coach. Additionally, exercise fidelity (proportion of players performing individual exercises correctly) was assessed. Coach (n = 31; 27–59 years) median cumulative utilization was 80%, utilization fidelity was 12 (of a possible 13 exercises per session) and utilization frequency was 2.3 sessions per week. Optimal adherence ranged from 52% to 71% across measures of adherence. Player exercise fidelity was 48%. Time constraint (47%) was the most frequently reported adherence barrier. While coach adherence to the NMT warm-up program was reasonably high across measures of adherence, a considerable proportion of coaches did not attain optimal adherence levels and player exercise fidelity was low. 相似文献
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Abstract In this study, we investigated the effect of eccentric exercise on position sense and reaction angle of the elbow and knee flexors. Twelve males underwent two eccentric exercise sessions involving a randomized crossover design. In the first session participants used their elbow flexors and in the other session their knee flexors. Muscle damage indices, position sense, and joint reaction angle to release of the elbow and knee flexors were measured before, immediately after, and up to 7 days after exercise. Exercise induced greater muscle damage in the elbow flexors than knee flexors. Exercise disturbed position sense of the elbow and knee joint. For both limbs, the participants adopted a more extended position than the reference angle. The elbow and knee joint reaction angles to release increased after exercise for both the elbow and knee flexors. The disturbances in position sense and reaction angle after exercise were greater in the elbow flexors than knee flexors. The elbow flexors remained more accurate and faster than the knee flexors at all time points. These results may be explained by the higher density of muscle spindles and the lower innervation ratio of the elbow flexors compared with the knee flexors, as well as the fact that the arms are more accustomed than the legs to perform fast and accurate movements. 相似文献
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陆守芹 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2008,26(5)
以身体自尊与心理满意度量表为研究工具,并结合体育锻炼情况对83名职业学校学生身体自尊与心理满意度进行调查分析。研究发现男生比女生更积极参加体育锻炼,经常参加锻炼学生身体自我价值感、运动能力和身体状况显著优于不经常参加锻炼的学生。身体自我价值感和运动能力、身体状况、身体吸引力、身体素质均有非常显著性正相关,运动能力、身体状况、身体吸引力、身体素质相互之间均具有非常显著性正相关。情感平衡与负性情感呈非常显著性负相关,与正性情感有非常显著性正相关。负性情感维度与身体自我价值感、身体素质有显著性负相关。职业学校学生身体自尊与心理满意度具有密切关系,经常参加体育锻炼的学生身体自尊水平较高。 相似文献
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Irene Coll-Risco Virginia A. Aparicio Elena Nebot Daniel Camiletti-Moirón Rosario Martínez Garyfallia Kapravelou 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(15):1452-1460
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session on body composition, and glycaemic and lipid profile in obese rats. Sixteen lean Zucker rats and sixteen obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into exercise and sedentary subgroups (4 groups, n = 8). Exercise consisted of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session. The animals trained 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles and inflammatory markers were assessed.
Results showed that fat mass was reduced in both lean and obese rats following the exercise training (effect size (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.8 (0.5–3.0)). Plasma low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol and fasting glucose were lower in the exercise compared to the sedentary groups (d = 2.0 (0.7–3.2) and 1.8 (0.5–3.0), respectively). Plasma insulin was reduced in exercise compared to sedentary groups (d = 2.1 (0.8–3.4)). Some exercise × phenotype interactions showed that the highest decreases in insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, fasting and postprandial glucose were observed in the obese + exercise group (all, P < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise would improve body composition, and lipid and glycaemic profiles, especially in obese rats. 相似文献
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Robert J. Sonstroem Kenneth P. Kampper 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):685-694
Abstract During the first ten days of the academic year the Physical Estimation and Attraction Scales (PEAS) and Bialer's Locus of Control Scale were administered to seventh and eighth grade middle school males. Subsequently, calls were issued for the fall sport season (flag football, cross-country). Stepwise discriminant analysis produced a function containing Attraction first and Estimation second, which accurately predicted athletic participation, canonical r = .35 p < .001. Use of smaller, previously factored collections of PEAS items improved the prediction, canonical r = .40, p < .001. Prediction of a single, more specific activity, cross-country, by means of the more specific factor scores produced a canonical coefficient of .47, p < .001. PEAS Factor 5, referring primarily to activities of running and hiking, developed the largest relationship with cross-country participation of any study variable. Control did not enter either of these two equations. No significant relationship was found between any study variable and adherence (remaining on the cross-country team for the complete season). It was concluded that PEAS variables are capable of predicting initial exercise involvement. In terms of developing optimal psychometric predictions of exercise recruitment and adherence, it is recommended that attitude statements be developed which are more specific and congruent to corresponding desired behaviors. 相似文献