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1.
不同训练阶段下我国优秀游泳运动员形态结构的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以界定我国优秀游泳运动员各训练阶段为切入点，在研究游泳运动员专项形态基础上，比较其在不同训练阶段下的形态差异。结果表明：我国游泳女子运动员的专项提高阶段为13～15岁，最佳竞技阶段为16～22岁，竞技保持阶段为23～26岁，男子各阶段相对女子晚1～2年。此外，游泳专项特征主要体现在“倒三角”的体型、身高、臂长和质量较高的肌肉群4个方面。不同训练阶段下游泳运动员形态特征为：不论男女，在专项提高阶段，形态上某些指标尚具有一定的发育与挖掘潜力，相对于最佳竞技和竞技保持阶段，不具有形态上的专项优势，其差异性主要表现在基本形态因子上；最佳竞技阶段与竞技保持阶段的形态差异不具有显著性。 相似文献
2.
优秀田径运动员竞技年龄的特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
对中国与世界优秀田径运动员竞技年龄特征进行分析研究。结果表明中国与世界优秀田径运动员的竞技年龄具有显著的差异性:世界优秀运动员的竞技年龄与20世纪90年代相比在增大,尤其女子运动员的竞技年龄增大更为明显;而与世界相比中国优秀运动员的竞技年龄要小4~5岁,这从一个侧面反映出我国在田径运动训练和人才培养与管理方面所存在的问题。建议我国要加强科学训练,挖掘运动员的潜力,延长运动员的运动寿命。 相似文献
3.
罗智 《天津体育学院学报》2006,21(2):165-167
以我国优秀举重运动员为研究对象，以年龄为依据，采用数理统计和文献资料法。界定我国优秀举重运动员各训练阶段。并对各训练阶段下的运动等级组成与竞技成绩进行相关分析研究，以验证训练阶段划分的科学性和有效性。结果表明：我国优秀男子举重运动员的专项提高阶段为16-18岁，最佳竞技阶段为19-24岁。竞技保持阶段为25-29岁；女子各阶段的来临较男子早1．2年；另外，无论从运动等级在各训练阶段上的人数分布，还是各训练阶段下运动成绩的变化轨迹，均能证明对我国优秀举重运动员训练阶段的划分是正确的、也是可行的。 相似文献
4.
游泳运动员达到最佳成绩的年龄和年限 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
男女优秀游泳运动员达到本人最佳成绩的年龄差别较大，有时相差8—11岁，而大多数运动员年龄相差3—5岁。世界许多著名游泳选手达到最佳成绩的年龄较早，例如萨尔尼科夫、古德尔、哈尔基达、霍兰、巴提斯捷里、彼特里奇、万萨洛等优秀长距离男选手在15—17岁已创造出很好的成绩 相似文献
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对世界优秀网球运动员转为职业球员的年龄、最佳竞技能力形成阶段年龄、最佳竞技能力稳定和保持阶段年龄进行了分析，同时对影响运动寿命的因素进行探讨，以期供我国网球运动训练参考。 相似文献
7.
世界竞技游泳水平飞速发展的今天，我国竞技游泳水平的发展速度已跟不上步伐。当今国际国内游泳赛场上进入决赛的都是天才，这是先进的训练理念和科学化训练的结果。根据我国的训练体制，95％以上的优秀游泳运动员来自于业余体校，而天才游泳运动员的天赋又有早期化表现的特点，重视基础训练的理念创新已是当务之急。随着专项运动的迅速发展，对基础训练的要求更高了。提高选材理念和创新训练理念是当今我国竞技游泳加速发展的重要思路。[第一段] 相似文献
8.
以我国现役举重运动员为研究对象,以年龄为依据,分析达到各运动级别的最佳年龄段,并以此勾画出我国优秀举重运动员的成材轨迹.结果表明：我国优秀举重运动员年龄意义上的成材轨迹表现为：15～18岁是成为一级运动员的最佳年龄段;17～22岁是达到健将级运动员的最佳年龄段;2025岁时的竞技能力已经过渡到国际健将级运动员水平.另外,通过对我国优秀举重运动员各训练阶段的年龄分布情况的分析,证明运动员各训练阶段与各等级运动员最佳年龄段的分布呈现出一致性. 相似文献
9.
竞技体育发展至今，科学选材、科学训练已成为竞技水平提高的重要因素，优秀运动员的成长过程是贯穿科学选材、科学训练的系统工程。少儿游泳训练是优秀游泳运动员训练过程关键的时期。在刚刚结束的悉尼奥运会上，我国游泳项目成绩不尽人意，落后的原因是多方面的。我国优秀选手整体水平不高，实力单薄，与选拔、培养少儿运动员有着必然联系。 相似文献
10.
我国竞技游泳运动可持续发展的战略研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用文献资料法、比较分析法、面访调查法等，分析第28届雅典奥运会和近年亚洲、世界游泳大赛中、日两国男女优秀游泳运动员参赛水平，并针对我国竞技游泳运动的发展态势及存在的问题，提出可持续发展的战略思路。如：建设高水平的奥运攻关队伍，强化创新意识，加强后备人才培养，坚持“三从一大”训练原则，深化竞赛改革等。 相似文献
11.
AbstractWithin the Chinese national sport system, the government provides resources and funding to train athletes from a young age to become high-performance competitors. Though athletes are well supported to excel in their sport, during their years of intense physical training, athletes generally receive little to no formal education to prepare them for life outside of sport. The sacrifice of forgoing formal education to compete in elite level sport is not uncommon for athletes within centralized sporting systems and has been widely documented; however, there is little research that focuses on the impact of the team’s educational systems from the perspective of the athletes. To add to the growing body of research in this area, the authors utilized in-depth interviews to examine professional wushu athletes’ education experiences whilst training on their team. Thematic analysis of the findings revealed that athletes who committed themselves to sport training in the Chinese national system had to negotiate a number of factors related to time, motivation, social influences, and resources when it came to education and academia. Findings highlight the ways in which these athletes experience and come to terms with limited academic opportunities, preparation and support from their team and the training environment. 相似文献
12.
Arne Güllich 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(23):2281-2288
The study examined developmental participation patterns of international top athletes. Pairs of 83 international medallists (including 38 Olympic/World Champions) and 83 non-medallists were matched by sport, age and gender. A questionnaire recorded their volume of organised (coach-led) practice/training in their respective main sport and in other sports through childhood, adolescence and adulthood, and also involvement in non-organised (peer-led) sport activity. Analyses revealed that the medallists started practice/training in their main sport at an older age than non-medallists and accumulated slightly, but significantly less main-sport practice/training through childhood/adolescence. But they participated in more practice/training in other sports, particularly before entering their main sport. The medallists also maintained engagement in other sports over more years and specialised later than the non-medallists. Other sports engaged in were mostly unrelated to an athlete’s main sport. The results were robust across different types of sports. The observations are reflected against tenets of the “deliberate practice” and “Developmental Model of Sport Participation” frameworks. Early diversified practice and learning experiences are discussed relative to the expansion of youngsters’ potential for future long-term learning. In elite athletes, interaction of sport-specific practice/training with early other-sports participation mostly facilitates long-term attainment of international senior medals. 相似文献
13.
竞技体育的最终目的就是最大限度地发挥运动员的最佳竞技状态,并尽可能长时间地保持良好的竞技状态,创造更多的优异成绩,从而达到竞技体育训练的经济性和时效性。文章运用文献资料、专家访问等研究方法对我国优秀散打男子运动员进行研究与分析,指出影响男子散打运动员运动寿命的训练因素和非训练因素及其相关对策。 相似文献
14.
优秀运动员运动寿命研究导论 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
彭杰 《天津体育学院学报》2001,16(4):54-57
竞技运动训练的终极目的就是使运动员获得最高的竞赛成绩,并尽可能长地保持运动员高水平的竞技能力.文章运用文献、问卷、访问等方法对优秀运动员的运动寿命进行了研究与分析,指出运动员的运动寿命是训练学因素、生物学因素和人文社会学因素三者整合的结果. 相似文献
15.
Laura Jonker Marije T. Elferink-Gemser Chris Visscher 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):901-908
Abstract Research has shown that talented athletes outscore their mainstream peers on the basis of self-regulation. Although valuable, this does not tell us more about the distinction between good athletes and the best, which is a prerequisite in talent development. Therefore, we examined the self-regulatory skills of 222 male and female talented athletes aged 12–16 years as a function of competitive sport level (junior international or junior national athletes) and type of sport (individual or team sports). Multivariate analyses of covariance in combination with a discriminant function analysis revealed that “reflection” distinguishes between athletes at the highest levels of excellence. Furthermore, athletes playing individual sports had higher scores on “planning” and “effort” than team sport athletes, highlighting the importance of differences between types of sport. In conclusion, we emphasize the importance of reflection as a self-regulatory skill. Reflection facilitates the development of sport-specific characteristics, which may vary by type of sport. This means that an advanced sense of reflection may help talented athletes to acquire desirable characteristics during their “talent” years to ultimately reach adult elite levels of competition. 相似文献
16.
Veerle De Bosscher Paul De Knop Maarten van Bottenburg Simon Shibli Jerry Bingham 《Sport Management Review》2009,12(3):113-136
The aim of this article is to explore the relationship between elite sport policy systems (inputs and throughputs) and success in international competitions (outputs). A conceptual model of the sports policy factors, which lead to international sporting success, was implemented in an empirical environment in a pilot study with six nations. The study has sought to operationalise nine pillars, or key drivers in elite sport systems, into measurable concepts, which can be aggregated into an overall score for each pillar. In addition to a national sport policy questionnaire, athletes, coaches and performance directors were also involved in the collection of qualitative and quantitative data. Although the results are inconclusive, the findings suggest that some pillars could be regarded as possible drivers of an effective system because they were prioritised in the most successful sample nations: financial resources (pillar 1), athletic and post-career support (pillar 5), training facilities (pillar 6) and coach development (partly pillar 7). 相似文献
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18.
对国内外曾排名在前3位生育后又重返田径场比赛的女子田径运动员53人的资料进行了研究分析,发现其中69.8％的运动员生育后及时恢复训练,成绩再次提高,出现又一个高峰期。研究认为,生育后的优秀田径运动员应在6个月内进行科学的恢复训练,这对运动成绩的保持和提高有很大的影响。 相似文献
19.
杨阿丽 《沈阳体育学院学报》2012,31(2):101-105
探讨我国单板U型滑雪运动员人格和赛前情绪类型的基本特点及其关系,采用卡特尔16种人格因素量表和赛前情绪量表–T,对我国43名运动员进行调查,结果显示:(1)运动员的人格类型主要有普通型、兴奋敢为型和敏感紧张型。运动员的赛前情绪类型主要有混合型、自信型和淡漠型。地方队的混合型和淡漠型运动员显著多于国家队。赛前情绪为混合型的运动员没有取得过国际名次,自信型运动员取得的国际名次最多。(2)普通型和敏感紧张型运动员的个体失败焦虑显著高于兴奋敢为型运动员;敏感紧张型运动员的社会期待焦虑显著高于兴奋敢为型运动员。(3)从个案看:该项目优秀运动员大多属于兴奋敢为型和自信型运动员。结论:兴奋敢为型和自信型的单板滑雪U型项目运动员焦虑更少、成绩更好、更易成功。 相似文献
20.
Elite sports are widely considered by national governments as a merit good through which many benefits to society as whole can be fostered through the stimulation of ‘national pride’ and ‘happiness’ (or ‘wellbeing’). The aim of this paper is to analyze what factors influence perceived national pride and happiness when athletes succeed at major national and/or international competitions. Based on a nation-wide survey, data was collected from n = 2006 randomly selected Germans by means of a computer assisted telephone interview. The results reveal that 66.2% respondents felt proud and 65.6% respondents were happy when German athletes were successful at major events. National pride and happiness were significantly explained through interest in elite sports, sport participation and socio-economic variables. The results reveal that there are differences between the perception of pride and that of happiness. Women, individuals with a low educational background, and low income and individuals having a migration background are the population segments who gain most from the sporting success of elite athletes. The results show in particular that the funding of elite sports and elite athletes can be considered as policy tool for social integration. 相似文献