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1.
《体育与科学》2017,(6):110-117
目的:探究不同助跑速度下45°变向动作中男、女运动员下肢生物力学参数的变化情况。方法:运用三维红外高速摄像机和测力台对26名篮球运动员在不同助跑速度下45°变向动作中下肢生物力学运动学和动力学信号进行采集。运用Visual-3D分析软件对采集的信号进行处理并计算相关生物力学参数。结果:男、女运动员在快速助跑下足与地面接触时刻的膝关节外展角显著大于低速助跑(p<0.05)。快速助跑下男子运动员的最大膝关节外展角显著增加(p<0.05)。助跑速度显著影响男、女运动员的垂直地面反作用力、膝关节屈力矩和外展力矩参数(p<0.05)。女子运动员在膝关节屈角和最大膝关节外展角参数方面与男子运动员存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。快速助跑时女子运动员的垂直地面反作用力和膝关节屈力矩峰值均显著高于男子运动员(p<0.05)。中速助跑时,女子运动员的垂直地面反作用力峰值参数显著大于男子运动员(p<0.05)。结论:不同助跑速度对45°变向动作中男、女运动员部分下肢生物力学参数具有显著性影响。另外,同一助跑速度下部分下肢生物力学负荷参数也存在明显的性别差异性。 相似文献
2.
为了探讨篮球运动员膝关节损伤早期下肢关节在完成急停起跳动作时的动力学特征,将男子篮球专项大学生40名,根据膝关节损伤的筛查结果,分成对照组、单侧损伤组和双侧损伤组。运用Motion Analysis数字影像捕捉分析系统和Kistler三维测力台,采集与分析受试者完成急停起跳动作全过程中的各项运动学与动力学数据,统计分析不同组各项数据指标之间的差异水平。结果表明:在落地缓冲地面垂直反作用力峰值时刻,损伤组骨盆后倾与对照组前倾方向相反,双侧损伤组后倾明显大于单侧损伤组;损伤组髋关节内收、内旋的角度和力矩均呈现显著性的变化;双侧损伤组伸膝和外展力矩变化显著;损伤组踝关节外展角度增大。结论:膝关节损伤早期所表现出的动力学特征较为明显,通过改变骨盆、髋、踝关节的角度来调整身体姿势,通过代偿性改变髋、膝、踝关节的力矩来完成动作。 相似文献
3.
目的 探究佩戴2种膝关节护具对羽毛球运动员完成蹬跨步动作时髌股关节载荷的影响。方法 选取12名羽毛球高水平运动员佩戴无护具、佩戴髌骨带和佩戴护膝模拟,正手蹬跨步、正手被动蹬跨步动作,使用4块Kistler三维测力台、8台Qualisys红外高速摄像头同步采集受试者右侧下肢动力学与运动学数据,以对比佩戴膝关节护具前后跨步足落地阶段股髌关节力、关节应力、关节力矩和关节角度等参数。结果 与无膝关节护具相比,佩戴护膝能够显著减少正手蹬跨步、正手被动蹬跨步动作落地阶段的膝关节峰值屈曲角度（p<0.05）、显著减少膝关节峰值伸膝力矩（p<0.05）、显著减少髌股关节峰值力（p<0.05）、显著减少髌股关节峰值应力（p<0.05）。结论羽毛球运动员佩戴护膝完成蹬跨步动作时,均有较低的股髌关节峰值应力、股髌关节峰值力及股四头肌峰值力,同时发现佩戴护膝可以缓冲膝关节压力,对髌骨以及膝关节韧带等组织起到保护作用。鉴于此,运动员佩戴护膝能够减少膝关节疼痛、提高膝关节稳定性、降低运动损伤风险,以预防股髌关节疼痛综合症。 相似文献
4.
小学生双侧膝关节等速肌力特征研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目的:通过对6 3名普通小学生双侧膝关节进行等速测试,探讨少儿人群膝关节屈伸肌的生物力学特性。方法:利用Kinitech等速测力系统对健康男、女小学生双侧膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试。结果:小学男、女生双侧膝关节屈伸峰力矩(PT)随测试速度的增加呈递减趋势,且膝伸肌大于膝屈肌,男、女屈伸峰力矩有显著差异(6 0°/s屈肌除外) ,且表现为同一速度下男生峰力矩大于女生(P <0 .0 5 ) ;膝关节屈伸最大功率(MP)随测试速度的增加呈递增趋势,男、女小学生之间存在显著差异(2 4 0°/s伸肌除外) ;男、女小学生膝关节屈伸肌力比(F/E)不存在性别差异,同一测试速度下左右屈伸F/E不存在显著差异(P >0 .0 5 ) ,但F/E比值接近1,明显高于成年人;小学男生左、右膝关节屈伸PT/BM和小腿长呈高度相关(r介于0 .4 5～0 .70 ) ,女生大腿围度与PT/BM具有不同程度的相关。结论:以小学生为代表的少儿人群膝关节的屈伸肌力特征与成年人总体趋势基本一致,但在屈伸肌力比(F/E)及男、女性别差异等方面与成年人存在差异。 相似文献
5.
青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
葛卫忠 《山东体育学院学报》2010,26(3)
通过对36名二级青少年男子篮球运动员双侧膝关节进行等速测试,探析青少年篮球运动员膝关节向心屈伸肌群的生物力学特性,为运动训练、科学选材及临床康复等提供理论依据.方法:利用 Kinitech等速康复肌力测试系统,对青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试.结果表明:青少年男子篮球运动员双侧膝关节屈伸峰力矩随测试速度的增加呈递减趋势,且膝伸肌大于膝屈肌(P<0.05),峰力矩屈伸比(F/E)随给定测试速度的增加呈递增趋势;最大功率随测试速度的增大而增加,同一测试速度下屈、伸肌群最大功率无明显差异,左、右侧相比也无显著性差异(60°/s伸肌除外);屈伸肌群达峰力矩的角度(APT)表现为伸肌角度明显低于屈肌角度,随速度增加左右两侧膝关节达峰力矩的角度无显著差异;双侧膝关节屈伸肌群达峰力矩的时间(TPT)随测试速度的增加而减小,同一测试速度下伸肌达峰力矩的时间大于屈肌;右侧膝关节屈肌相对峰力矩(PT/BM)与下肢形态学指标表现出不同程度的正相关.本研究结论,青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节峰力矩变化规律与成年人相一致,但左右侧膝关节屈伸肌群做功能力发展不平衡,屈伸肌群运动达峰力矩角度、达峰力矩的时间存在显著差异. 相似文献
6.
研究利用等动测力及康复系统对膝关节损伤的女运动员进行等速向心训练。经过约8周的训练,患膝屈伸肌群的峰值力矩在不同测试速度下均有显著提高,但伸肌峰值力矩提高较屈肌快。此次研究表明等速向心训练对膝关节损伤后的肌肉功能恢复有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
7.
青少年男子短跑运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
目的：通过对36名二级青少年男子短跑运动员双侧膝关节进行等速测试，探析青少年短跑运动员膝关节向心屈伸肌群的生物力学特性．为运动训练、科学选材及临床康复等提供理论依据。方法：利用Kinitech等速康复肌力测试系统对青少年男子短跑运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试。结果：青少年男子短跑运动员双侧膝关节屈伸峰力矩随测试速度的增加呈递减趋势，且膝伸肌大于膝屈肌（P〈0．05），峰力矩屈伸比（V／E）随给定测试速度的增加呈递增趋势；最大功率随测试速度的增大而增加，同一测试速度下屈、伸肌群最大功率无明显差异，左、右侧相比也无显著性差异（600／s伸肌除外）；屈伸肌群达峰力矩的角度（APT）表现为伸肌角度明显低于屈肌角度，随速度增加左右两侧膝关节达峰力矩的角度无显著差异：双侧膝关节屈伸肌群达峰力矩的时间（TPT）随测试速度的增加而减小，同一测试速度下伸肌达峰力矩的时间大于屈肌；右侧膝关节屈肌相对峰力矩（PT／BM）与下肢形态学指标表现出不同程度的正相关。结论：青少年男子短跑运动员膝关节峰力矩变化规律与成年人相一致，但左右侧膝关节屈伸肌群做功能力发展不平衡，屈伸肌群运动达峰力矩角度、达峰力矩的时间存在显著差异。 相似文献
8.
目的:揭示人造草坪不同颗粒填充密度对足球运动员侧切和起动动作表现的影响,并通过动作过程的生物力学数据分析可能的损伤危险。方法:13名男子足球运动员分别在3种不同颗粒密度的人造草坪上进行45°侧切和直线起动动作,采集运动学和动力学数据。结果:随着颗粒密度的增加,鞋与草坪交互面牵引力增大;侧切制动阶段地面反作用力峰值和加载率增大,地面反作用力首次峰值时刻的垂直、前、后分力增大,膝伸力矩增大,内收力矩和外展角度减小;蹬伸阶段地面反作用力分量增大;直线起动的重心加速度无显著差异。结论:鞋与人造草坪交互面的牵引力随填充颗粒的密度增加而增加;在常速助跑情况下,较大的交互面牵引力可以为侧切提供良好的制动能力和蹬伸推进力,但不会对直线起动的运动表现造成影响;交互面牵引力的增大会引起侧切制动阶段地面反作用力相关指标的增大,造成地面反作用力峰值时刻ACL损伤敏感指标的改变,导致更大的损伤风险。 相似文献
9.
二级运动员膝伸屈肌力矩的比较研究 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
运动员的膝关节力量在运动训练中起着很重要的作用。近些年，国内外科研人员对膝关节的运动学和动力学特征作了大量研究。本文采用国际较先进的等动测力系统对二级运动员的膝关节伸屈肌力矩进行测试研究，发现膝伸肌最大力矩值高于屈肌最大力矩值，两者之间呈密切正相关。随膝运动速度增加，伸、屈肌最大力矩值减小。还发现膝运动速度增大，膝伸与屈肌最大力矩值越来越接近。膝伸、屈肌表现最大力矩的膝弯曲角在同一运动速度上是一致的。 相似文献
10.
为了探讨运动员膝关节拮抗肌群在不同实验速度下的工作特点,通过CYBEX600等速测试系统,对辽宁省优秀短跑、自行车、游泳运动员25人(男14人、女11人)进行了等速相心膝关节肌力测试,经过统计对比分析结果如下:(1)膝关节屈伸肌相对峰力矩随着收缩速度的增加呈下降趋势,而且伸肌下降的幅度大于屈肌。(2)短跑运动员屈膝肌的相对力量较强,而自行车运动员有很强的伸膝力量。(3)膝关节肌肉达到预定速度所需的时间随着速度加快而加快,其中短跑自行车运动员蹬伸速度大于游泳运动员。(4)自行车运动员腿部的单位体重屈伸力量大于短跑游泳运动员,尤其在快速情况下,其差值高达82%。 相似文献
11.
目的:对辽宁省排球队女运动员下肢急停纵跳落地时的力矩和最大关节角度进行研究,以期对有膝关节损伤的排球运动员进行科学训练提供参考。方法:以14名辽宁省排球队女运动员为研究对象,将运动员分为两组,其中无伤组8人,损伤组6人,采用三维测力平台和红外光电运动捕捉系统,记录受试者在完成急停纵跳动作落地时的髋关节、膝关节、踝关节的力矩以及最大关节角度数据。结果:在急停纵跳落地时,损伤膝关节的旋转、收展力矩大于无伤组,屈伸力矩小于无伤组,损伤组的髋关节的屈伸、收展、旋转力矩均大于无伤组;损伤组的踝关节旋转力矩小于无伤组,收展力矩和屈伸力矩大于无伤组。损伤组的踝关节在屈伸、收展和旋转时的最大关节角度大于无伤组;损伤组的膝关节在屈伸和收展时的最大关节角度大于无伤组,旋转时小于无伤组;损伤的髋关节屈伸和收展时的最大关节角度大于无伤组,髋关节旋转时的最大关节角度左侧小于无伤组,右侧大于无伤组。结论:膝关节损伤的运动员完成急停纵跳动作落地时,通过代偿性改变增大髋关节力矩、增加膝关节旋转和收展力矩,增大踝关节收展和屈伸力矩,增加膝关节和髋关节在屈伸和收展时活动角度,增加膝关节屈伸和收展时活动角度来完成动作。 相似文献
12.
Female athletes are considered to exhibit knee and trunk motion that is characteristic of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The aim of this study was to examine the in vivo motion of the trunk and knee during a cutting manoeuvre and determine the relationship between them. All participants (10 male and 10 female college athletes) performed a shuttle run cutting task with the left limb. Trunk inclination (forward and lateral) and knee joint angles (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external tibial rotation) were calculated. Differences between the sexes and associations between knee motion and trunk inclination were examined. An increase in trunk forward inclination was strongly correlated with an increase in knee flexion angle and moderately correlated with a decrease in the excursion of internal tibial rotation. An increase in right trunk lateral inclination was moderately correlated with an increase in excursion of internal tibial rotation. The results also showed differences between the sexes in trunk forward inclination, lateral inclination, and knee flexion angle, but no such differences in knee abduction or internal tibial rotation. Trunk inclination is related to knee flexion and excursion of internal tibial rotation. Female athletes demonstrate a low trunk forward inclination and knee flexion angle, a posture that resembles that of ACL injury. 相似文献
13.
Yasuharu Nagano Hirofumi Ida Masami Akai Toru Fukubayashi 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1525-1534
Abstract Female athletes are considered to exhibit knee and trunk motion that is characteristic of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The aim of this study was to examine the in vivo motion of the trunk and knee during a cutting manoeuvre and determine the relationship between them. All participants (10 male and 10 female college athletes) performed a shuttle run cutting task with the left limb. Trunk inclination (forward and lateral) and knee joint angles (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external tibial rotation) were calculated. Differences between the sexes and associations between knee motion and trunk inclination were examined. An increase in trunk forward inclination was strongly correlated with an increase in knee flexion angle and moderately correlated with a decrease in the excursion of internal tibial rotation. An increase in right trunk lateral inclination was moderately correlated with an increase in excursion of internal tibial rotation. The results also showed differences between the sexes in trunk forward inclination, lateral inclination, and knee flexion angle, but no such differences in knee abduction or internal tibial rotation. Trunk inclination is related to knee flexion and excursion of internal tibial rotation. Female athletes demonstrate a low trunk forward inclination and knee flexion angle, a posture that resembles that of ACL injury. 相似文献
14.
Jeffrey B. Taylor Kevin R. Ford Randy J. Schmitz Scott E. Ross Terry A. Ackerman Sandra J. Shultz 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(21):2492-2501
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programmes have not been as successful at reducing injury rates in women’s basketball as in soccer. This randomised controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02530333) compared biomechanical adaptations in basketball and soccer players during jump-landing activities after an ACL injury prevention programme. Eighty-seven athletes were cluster randomised into intervention (6-week programme) and control groups. Three-dimensional biomechanical analyses of drop vertical jump (DVJ), double- (SAG-DL) and single-leg (SAG-SL) sagittal, and double- (FRONT-DL) and single-leg (FRONT-SL) frontal plane jump landing tasks were tested before and after the intervention. Peak angles, excursions, and joint moments were analysed using two-way MANCOVAs of post-test scores while controlling for pre-test scores. During SAG-SL the basketball intervention group exhibited increased peak knee abduction angles (p = .004) and excursions (p = .003) compared to the basketball control group (p = .01) and soccer intervention group (p = .01). During FRONT-SL, the basketball intervention group exhibited greater knee flexion excursion after training than the control group (p = .01), but not the soccer intervention group (p = .11). Although women’s soccer players exhibit greater improvements in knee abduction kinematics than basketball players, these athletes largely exhibit similar biomechanical adaptations to ACL injury prevention programmes. 相似文献
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16.
Yasushi Kariyama Hiroaki Hobara Koji Zushi 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(2):187-200
This study aimed to clarify the differences between the horizontal single-leg rebound jump (HJ) and vertical single-leg rebound jump (VJ) in terms of three-dimensional joint kinetics for the take-off leg, while focusing on frontal and transverse plane movements. Eleven male track and field athletes performed HJ and VJ. Kinematic and kinetic data were calculated using data recorded with a motion capture system and force platforms. The hip abduction torque, trunk lateral flexion torque (flexion for the swing-leg side), hip external and internal torque, trunk rotational torque, and the powers associated with these torques were larger when performing HJ because of resistance to the impact ground reaction force and because of pelvic and posture control. Pelvic rotation was noted in HJ, and this was controlled not only by the hip and trunk joint torque from the transverse plane but also by the hip abduction torque. Therefore, hip and trunk joint kinetics in the frontal and transverse plane play an important role in a single-leg jump, regardless of the jumping direction, and may also play a more important role in HJ than in VJ. 相似文献
17.
Fedie R Carlstedt K Willson JD Kernozek TW 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2010,9(3):165-177
Many sports associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury require athletes attend to a ball during participation. We investigated effects of attending to a ball on lower extremity mechanics during a side-cut maneuver and if these effects are consistent for males and females. Sagittal and frontal plane hip and knee kinematics and joint moments were measured during side-cut maneuvers in 19 male and 19 female National Collegiate Athletic Association division III basketball players. Participants also experienced two side-cut conditions that required attention to a ball. Our results did not indicate that the effect of attention varies with gender. However, during side-cut conditions while attending to a ball, internal knee adductor moment was 20% greater (p = 0.03) and peak knee flexion angle was 4 degrees larger (p < 0.01). Females demonstrated 5 degrees less hip flexion (p = 0.046), 12 degrees less knee flexion (p < 0.01), and 4 degrees more knee abduction (p = 0.026) at initial contact during all side-cut conditions than males. Attention to a ball may affect lower extremity mechanics relevant to ACL injury. The validity of laboratory studies of lower extremity mechanics for sports that include attention to a ball may be increased if participants are required to attend to a ball during the task. 相似文献
18.
Yoichi Iino 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(7):834-842
The purpose of this study was to determine hip joint kinetics during a table tennis topspin forehand, and to investigate the relationship between the relevant kinematic and kinetic variables and the racket horizontal and vertical velocities at ball impact. Eighteen male advanced table tennis players hit cross-court topspin forehands against backspin balls. The hip joint torque and force components around the pelvis coordinate system were determined using inverse dynamics. Furthermore, the work done on the pelvis by these components was also determined. The peak pelvis axial rotation velocity and the work done by the playing side hip pelvis axial rotation torque were positively related to the racket horizontal velocity at impact. The sum of the work done on the pelvis by the backward tilt torques and the upward joint forces was positively related to the racket vertical velocity at impact. The results suggest that the playing side hip pelvis axial rotation torque exertion is important for acquiring a high racket horizontal velocity at impact. The pelvis backward tilt torques and upward joint forces at both hip joints collectively contribute to the generation of the racket vertical velocity, and the mechanism for acquiring the vertical velocity may vary among players. 相似文献
19.
Nagano Y Sakagami M Ida H Akai M Fukubayashi T 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2008,7(3):342-350
Landing with the knee in a valgus position is recognized as a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Using linear and non-linear regression analyses, the purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between two-dimensional (2D) knee valgus and three-dimensional (3D) knee kinematics measured during a jump landing task. Twenty-eight female collegiate athletes participated. All participants were required to perform a continuous jump test. The average maximum angles of abduction and internal tibial rotation during landing were measured using the Point Cluster Technique. Average peak knee valgus angle was measured using a 2D approach. Linear and non-linear regression analyses between 2D valgus and 3D knee abduction, and between 2D valgus and 3D internal tibial rotation, were performed. The R2 value between 2D valgus and 3D knee abduction was significantly different from zero and had a moderate correlation for all models, whereas the R2 value between 2D valgus and 3D internal tibial rotation was not significantly different from zero. The 2D approach could be used to screen a specific group of individuals for risk of ACL injury; however, using frontal plane 2D analysis of valgus motion to evaluate internal tibial rotation is not advised. 相似文献
20.
目的:通过对湖南师范大学9名北狮运动员双侧膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试,为揭示该项运动膝关节肌群收缩的生物力学特性提供实验依据。方法:采用BIODEX SYSTEM 3等速测试系统对湖南师范大学北狮运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试,测试指标为峰力矩、相对峰力矩、屈伸肌峰力矩比、平均功率及做功疲劳度。结果:1)北狮运动员双侧膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩随测试速度的增加呈递减趋势;2)狮头狮尾屈伸肌群峰力矩比值和做功疲劳度无显著性差异;3)狮头狮尾左右膝关节同一肌群峰力矩无显著性差异。结论:舞狮运动员膝关节肌群峰力矩变化随测试速度的增加而减少,平均功率呈现随运动速度的增加而增加,到达一定速度后随速度的增加而减少的特征。 相似文献