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1.
本文阐述了有氧运动改善酒精性肝病(alcohol liver disease,ALD)的伤害及发生的研究进展,为有氧运动缓解ALD提供理论依据。ALD是一种长期饮酒导致的肝脏疾病,肝脏氧化应激损伤、炎症反应和自噬水平紊乱是其主要发病机制。肝脏细胞内活性氧(ROS)增加释放造成氧化应激,抗氧化系统对ROS清除不及时造成肝脏氧化损伤;肠源性内毒素加剧炎症反应,造成肝脏坏死及肝脏自噬水平受到酒精抑制都会加剧ALD的病理性进程。近期以抗氧化系统、相关细胞因子和细胞自噬为靶点进行研究切入,发现有氧运动可改善降低ALD造成的伤害,其具体作用如下:有氧运动可提高肝脏抗氧化能力,降低氧化应激水平;上调抗炎因子的表达,减少相关炎症的影响;提高细胞自噬水平,维持肝细胞稳态,以此达到改善和缓解ALD的作用。 相似文献
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运动过程中骨骼肌产生的高水平反应物会导致肌肉损伤和肌肉功能受损，一般认为补充抗氧化剂可以保护肌肉不受损伤。无论对于运动爱好者还是专业运动员，抗氧化剂都是最常用的运动补剂之一。目前备受关注的是用额外口服抗氧化剂的方法来支持内源性防御系统，从而实现预防或减轻氧化应激、减少肌肉损伤并改善运动表现。目前有大量已发表的研究对该主题进行了讨论，大多数研究表明，抗氧化剂可以减轻运动引起的氧化应激，但大多数研究都未发现其对肌肉损伤和肌肉功能有任何影响。此外，越来越多的证据表明，抗氧化剂对健康和训练适应有消极作用。本文深入分析总结了关于活性物质（Reactive Species）在体内的作用以及服用抗氧化剂对维持健康和提高身体性能的功效的文献。 相似文献
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为进一步了解运动与端粒长度之间的关系,综述端粒长度与衰老的关系、运动对端粒长度的影响以及运动影响端粒长度的潜在作用机制3个方面。结论:1)端粒长度缩短会使DNA损伤导致细胞产生非功能蛋白进而引起凋亡衰老;2)运动与端粒长度之间存在一定关联:正相关和倒U型关系,并且可能与具体的运动处方有关;3)运动对端粒长度的有益影响可能是通过端粒酶活性的增加、氧化应激减轻、炎症减轻和骨骼肌的TERRA上调等条件来介导,同时还有miRNAs的调控及端粒相关蛋白的作用,但其中更为具体的作用机制仍有待进一步探究。 相似文献
4.
Tauler P Ferrer MD Romaguera D Sureda A Aguilo A Tur J Pons A 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(12):1303-1311
In this study, we examined oxidative stress after a swimming session, the responses of the antioxidant defences, and the influence of gender on these responses. Fifteen boys and eight girls participated voluntarily in the study. Plasma concentrations of 17-beta-estradiol, vitamin E, retinol, carotenes, ascorbate, malondialdehyde, and the carbonyl index were determined. Creatine kinase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities, as well as glucose, urea, urate, cholesterol, and triglycerides, were determined in serum. Plasma concentrations of 17-beta-estradiol were higher in girls than in boys. Exercise increased plasma ascorbate both in boys and in girls. Malondialdehyde increased in boys but was maintained in girls after exercise. Creatine kinase values corrected for lean body mass were similar in boys and girls at baseline, but the post-exercise values in boys were higher than in girls. A positive correlation was observed in boys, but not in girls, between plasma malondialdehyde and creatine kinase corrected concentrations. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between the increase in circulating neutrophils and in creatine kinase activity in girls but not in boys. In conclusion, a swimming session induced higher muscular and oxidative damage in boys than in girls. 相似文献
5.
运动中自由基生成: 线粒体的作用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
吉力立 《天津体育学院学报》2000,15(1):1-6
正常细胞的一生中可以产生活性氧基团（ＲＯＳ）。生理状态下,线粒体呼吸链是ＲＯＳ主要来源,其中不多于线粒体总氧耗的５％用于产生ＲＯＳ。研究已经表明,在剧烈有氧运动时骨骼肌ＲＯＳ生成增多,但是线粒性体在ＲＯＳ生成增多中的量化作用仍不十分清楚。大强度运动可引起线粒体出现各种形式的氧化损伤,如脂质过氧化、蛋白质氧化、氧化还原状态紊乱及酶的失活等。这些生物化学的修饰作用将导致以呼吸链缺损和解偶联为标志的线粒 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):830-838
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether different phases of training affect oxidative stress and antioxidant defences in professional cyclists. Ten professional cyclists, aged 21.8 ± 2.5 years, were enrolled in the study. They were classified into two groups of five athletes each one with similar nutritional intake excepting for the overload of vitamin C (1000 mg day?1) and E (400 mg day?1) supplementation in one of them. The cyclists of both groups performed the same exercise design, consisting of hard, tapering and recovery training periods. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet, plasma oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), DNA damage (8-OHdG) and erythrocyte glutathione disulfide/glutathione ratio (GSSG:GSH?1) were measured. During the intense exercise trainings, the cyclists without vitamin supplements had the TAC of diet significantly lower than the supplemented group. Plasma ORAC, LPO and 8-OHdG were similar in both groups of athletes. Athletes with supplements had a basal LPO:ORAC?1 ratio lower than that without supplements, but this ratio converged to the same level at the end of the training in both groups of cyclists. Both groups of cyclists showed similar changes in GSSG:GSH?1 ratio and in GSSG and GSH levels along the study. The data suggest that well-trained athletes with suitable ultra-endurance training volume and intensity do not require antioxidant vitamin supplements to adapt their endogenous antioxidant defenses to exercise-induced ROS. 相似文献
8.
运动及衰老过程中线粒体ROS机制的探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
线粒体除了合成ATP外，还具有多种极为重要的功能，包括活性氧(ROS)的产生，氧化还原电势的调节和细胞氧化还原信号的传导，以及对细胞凋亡的调控与基因表达等。正常细胞可产生活性氧基因，生理状态下，线粒体呼吸链是ROS的主要来源。研究表明，有氧运动时骨骼肌中ROS生成增加，同时也会引起抗氧化酶的适应性改变，但具体的量化关系还不清楚。大强度运动可引起线粒体出现各种形式的氧化损伤，从而导致以呼吸链缺损和解耦联为标志的线粒体能量转换的下降。长期有氧练习可引起抗氧化酶发展适应性变化，从而提高线粒体氧化应激能力。 相似文献
9.
Bridget Peters Christopher Ballmann Graham Mcginnis Erin Epstein Hayden Hyatt Dustin Slivka 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(1):56-66
Altitude exposure and exercise elicit oxidative stress in blood; however, exercise recovery at 5000 m attenuates oxidative stress. The purpose was to determine the altitude threshold at which blood oxidative stress is blunted during exercise recovery. Twelve males 18–28 years performed four-cycle ergometry bouts (60 min, 70% VO2max, at 975 m). In a randomised counterbalanced crossover design, participants recovered 6 h at 0, 1667, 3333 and 5000 m in a normobaric hypoxia chamber (recovery altitudes were simulated by using a computerised system in an environmental chamber by lowering the partial pressure of oxygen to match that of the respective altitude). Oxygen saturation was monitored throughout exercise recovery. Blood samples obtained pre-, post-, 1 h post- and 5 h post-exercise were assayed for ferric-reducing antioxidant plasma, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, uric acid, lipid hydroperoxides and protein carbonyls. Muscle biopsies obtained pre and 6 h were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction to quantify expression of hemeoxgenase 1, superoxide dismutase 2 and nuclear factor (euthyroid-derived 2)-like factor. Pulse oximetry data were similar during exercise, but decreased for the three highest recovery elevations (0 m = 0%, 1667 m = ?3%; 3333 m = ?7%; 5000 m = ?17%). A time-dependent oxidative stress occurred following exercise for all variables, but the two highest recovery altitudes partially attenuated the lipid hydroperoxide response (0 m = +135%, 1667 m = +251%, 3333 m = +99%; 5000 m = +108%). Data may indicate an altitude threshold between 1667 and 3333 m, above which the oxidative stress response is blunted during exercise recovery. 相似文献
10.
运动与自由基导致的氧化应激有关。抗氧化剂的外源性补充在预防和缓解运动性自由基损伤,增进抗氧化能力方面可能有积极的意义。中国学者在积极借鉴国外研究成果的基础上,形成了具有中医药特色的抗氧化剂研究之路。但如何合理选取及正确使用抗氧化剂以提高运动能力尚存在一定困难,须防止抗氧化剂在体育运动训练中的滥用。 相似文献
11.
运动、氧化应激与机体的抗氧化能力 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
业已证明,剧烈运动与机体的氧化应激所致的组织损伤相关.酶类和非酶类抗氧化系统在保护机体免受运动性氧化应激损伤中起着重要作用.日益增多的证据表明,运动训练可上调骨骼肌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性以及谷胱苷肽(GSH)的含量,表现出很强的运动适应性. 相似文献
12.
对近些年来关于ROS在AD发生发展中的机理进行分析,探讨运动预防及延缓AD发生的机制;活性氧（reac-tive oxygen species,ROS）在阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer s disease,AD）中的作用机理以及运动对活性氧诱导的阿尔茨海默病的影响。结果表明：AD的发生发展与活性氧密切相关,活性氧参与AD病理性特征的老年斑和神经纤维缠结形成,并且促进神经元死亡。运动作为干预条件可以有效地预防和延缓活性氧诱导的AD症。活性氧对AD的发生起重要作用,运动可预防和延缓AD的发生。 相似文献
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Tauler P Aguiló A Guix P Jiménez F Villa G Tur JA Córdova A Pons A 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(1):5-13
Free radical production increases during exercise and oxidative damage occurs in several tissues. We examined the effects of three different exercise tests on the pattern of change of erythrocyte enzyme antioxidant activities. The tests were a short maximal exercise test, a submaximal prolonged exercise test and a cycling stage during competition. The participants were amateur and professional cyclists with different training statuses and different basal erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities. The maximal test produced no changes in the erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities of amateur sportsmen. The submaximal test, performed at 80% of maximal oxygen uptake, decreased erythrocyte catalase (12%), glutathione peroxidase determined with H2O2 (14%) and glutathione reductase (16%); superoxide dismutase activity increased by about 25%. The cycling stage performed by professional cyclists increased erythrocyte catalase (29%) and glutathione reductase (10%) activities. The in vivo changes in glutathione reductase activity were confirmed by in vitro measurements: hydrogen peroxide decreased and the presence of catalase increased the activity of this enzyme. In conclusion, we suggest that the different erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme responses to diverse exercise tests can be explained by the effects of hydrogen peroxide and the superoxide anion on the antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes. 相似文献
15.
线粒体呼吸链是运动产生自由基和ROS的主要场所,并构成机体主要的氧化系统。ROS的过量产生会对机体造成氧化损伤。呼吸链中存在对抗ROS的CoQ和细胞色素C等抗氧化体系,但作用有限。各种外源性抗氧化营养素的补充能起到对抗ROS的作用,联合补充的效果可能更佳。 相似文献
16.
Daniel J. Owens Craig Twist James N. Cobley Glyn Howatson 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):71-85
AbstractExercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is characterized by symptoms that present both immediately and for up to 14 days after the initial exercise bout. The main consequence of EIMD for the athlete is the loss of skeletal muscle function and soreness. As such, numerous nutrients and functional foods have been examined for their potential to ameliorate the effects of EIMD and accelerate recovery, which is the purpose of many nutritional strategies for the athlete. However, the trade-off between recovery and adaptation is rarely considered. For example, many nutritional interventions described in this review target oxidative stress and inflammation, both thought to contribute to EIMD but are also crucial for the recovery and adaptation process. This calls into question whether long term administration of supplements and functional foods used to target EIMD is indeed best practice. This rapidly growing area of sports nutrition will benefit from careful consideration of the potential hormetic effect of long term use of nutritional aids that ameliorate muscle damage. This review provides a concise overview of what EIMD is, its causes and consequences and critically evaluates potential nutritional strategies to ameliorate EIMD. We present a pragmatic practical summary that can be adopted by practitioners and direct future research, with the purpose of pushing the field to better consider the fine balance between recovery and adaptation and the potential that nutritional interventions have in modulating this balance. 相似文献
17.
《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(5):415-425
The first report demonstrating that prolonged endurance exercise promotes oxidative stress in humans was published more than 4 decades ago. Since this discovery, many ensuing investigations have corroborated the fact that muscular exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative stress in numerous tissues including blood and skeletal muscles. Although several tissues may contribute to exercise-induced ROS production, it is predicted that muscular contractions stimulate ROS production in active muscle fibers and that skeletal muscle is a primary source of ROS production during exercise. This contraction-induced ROS generation is associated with (1) oxidant damage in several tissues (e.g., increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation), (2) accelerated muscle fatigue, and (3) activation of biochemical signaling pathways that contribute to exercise-induced adaptation in the contracting muscle fibers. While our understanding of exercise and oxidative stress has advanced rapidly during the last decades, questions remain about whether exercise-induced increases in ROS production are beneficial or harmful to health. This review addresses this issue by discussing the site(s) of oxidant production during exercise and detailing the health consequences of exercise-induced ROS production. 相似文献
18.
João Elias Dias Nunes Heitor Santos Cunha Zulmária Rezende Freitas Ana Maria Caixeta Nogueira Ana Raimunda Dâmaso Foued Salmen Espindola 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(10):945-950
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of interdisciplinary therapy in the parameters of the oxidative stress and the anti-inflammatory responses of obese adolescents. We selected 57 participants, who were randomly divided into 2 groups: interdisciplinary therapy group and a control group. After 6 months of intervention, 17 participants of the interdisciplinary therapy group and 8 of the control group returned for re-evaluation. The interdisciplinary therapy group participated in a treatment with 4 weekly sessions of exercise, a weekly group therapy session and a weekly nutritional education session. Blood parameters of oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response were evaluated. The results demonstrated that there were significant increases in the interdisciplinary therapy group for superoxide dismutase activity (6.56 ± 3.22 to 11.40 ± 7.49) and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential concentration (532.91 ± 106.48 to 573.25 ± 112.57), although adiponectin levels did not reduce (40.9 ± 29.34 to 49.05 ± 41.22). A significant decrease in nitrite levels was also found (14.23 ± 8.48 to 11.45 ± 6.05). In the control group, significant reduction was found in adiponectin (31.56 ± 18.88 to 18.01 ± 11.66). This study suggests that interdisciplinary therapy for 6 months was effective in improving the anti-inflammatory responses and the antioxidant defences in obese adolescents. 相似文献
19.
Free radical production increases during exercise and oxidative damage occurs in several tissues. We examined the effects of three different exercise tests on the pattern of change of erythrocyte enzyme antioxidant activities. The tests were a short maximal exercise test, a submaximal prolonged exercise test and a cycling stage during competition. The participants were amateur and professional cyclists with different training statuses and different basal erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities. The maximal test produced no changes in the erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities of amateur sportsmen. The submaximal test, performed at 80% of maximal oxygen uptake, decreased erythrocyte catalase (12%), glutathione peroxidase determined with H2O2 (14%) and glutathione reductase (16%); superoxide dismutase activity increased by about 25%. The cycling stage performed by professional cyclists increased erythrocyte catalase (29%) and glutathione reductase (10%) activities. The in vivo changes in glutathione reductase activity were confirmed by in vitro measurements: hydrogen peroxide decreased and the presence of catalase increased the activity of this enzyme. In conclusion, we suggest that the different erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme responses to diverse exercise tests can be explained by the effects of hydrogen peroxide and the superoxide anion on the antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes. 相似文献