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谷氨酰胺是人体血浆和骨骼肌中含量最丰富的氨基酸,是免疫细胞增殖的能量和物质来源,可在许多方面调节免疫机能,对免疫系统具有重要意义。本文通过对运动、谷氨酰胺、免疫之间的关系的分析,探讨外源性补充谷氨酰胺对运动机体免疫功能低下的影响。 相似文献
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长时间运动应激能引起血浆谷氨酰胺的浓度下降并发生短暂免疫抑制,从而增加运动员上呼吸道感染的发病率和胃肠疾病的发生率.运动员补充谷氨酰胺后,疾病的发生率有所下降,这与谷氨酰胺在免疫系统中的作用密切相关.对运动性免疫抑制的发生和耐力运动后疾病的发生情况作一综述,并探讨了补充谷氨酰胺的作用及作用的机制. 相似文献
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外源性谷氨酰胺对游泳运动员身体机能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李一玉 《西安体育学院学报》2008,25(5)
通过追踪实验、调查及测试等方法，分析了外源性谷氨酰胺对广西高校游泳运动员的训练强度、血红蛋白、肌酸激酶及机体合成代谢的影响，旨在探索补充L-谷氨酰胺对血浆谷氨酰胺水平的影响。结果表明，补充外源性谷氨酰胺可以在一定程度上削弱由训练引起的血浆谷氨酰胺水平下降。口服谷氨酰胺可以对血红蛋白、血清中的肌酸激酶的水平有显著影响。 相似文献
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一．谷氨酰眩的生理作用 谷氨酰胺属于脂肪族中的中性氨基酸，是人体血液中最丰富的氨基酸，浓度约为800-900u毫摩尔／升，占血浆游离氨基酸的20％，并且在骨骼肌细胞中含量也最为丰富，约占游离氨基酸的61％。谷氨酰胺在人体内的生物学功能表现为： 相似文献
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本采用实验对比法研究大强度有氧运动情况下，补充谷氨酰胺(Cln)对血浆Cln、骨骼肌Cln及骨骼肌和脾细胞谷氨酰胺合成酶活性变化的影响。结果表明，大强度有氧运动时补充Cln能有效地提高血浆、骨骼肌Cln浓度，维持小鼠在运动中Cln的正常水平。 相似文献
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过度训练对大鼠肠道细胞免疫功能的影响以及谷氨酰胺的干预作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
目的:探讨过度训练对肠道细胞免疫功能的影响以及谷氨酰胺的干预作用和机制.方法:实验大鼠随机分为对照组、过度训练组、谷氨酰胺干预组.过度训练组大鼠进行每周6次、共9周的力竭性运动训练.谷氨酰胺干预组大鼠,在大负荷运动之前按1.5g/kg删剂量补充谷氨酰胺.9周后,检测各组大鼠小肠组织sIgA的含量及小肠CD4 、CD8 T细胞数量和Gln以及血浆皮质酮含量.结果:与对照组比较,过度训练组大鼠小肠组织中CD4 T细胞数量、CD4 /CD8 比值显著下降,小肠CD8 T细胞数量显著升高;且小肠中Gln含量显著下降,血浆皮质酮含量显著升高.与过度训练组相比,Gln干预组小肠CD4 T细胞数量、CD4 /CD8 的比值显著升高,CD8 T细胞数量显著降低,血浆皮质酮含量显著降低.结论:过度训练导致大鼠肠道细胞免疫功能显著下降;而过度训练大鼠小肠Gln含量下降和皮质酮的分泌增多,可能是过度训练引起肠道免疫功能降低的主要机制.补充Gln可改善长期大负荷运动训练大鼠肠道细胞免疫功能;而Gln的补充有效维持大负荷训练大鼠小肠内Gln含量,降低皮质酮分泌,这可能也是补充Gln防止肠道免疫功能下降的主要机制. 相似文献
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长时间不同负荷运动对大鼠神经内分泌免疫功能的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用分组实验的方法，研究长时间不同负荷的游泳训练对大鼠免疫系统功能和内分泌系统反应的影响。结果显示，S组大鼠脾细胞对ConA和LPS刺激的应答能力下降；S组与C组大鼠的下丘脑、垂体、血浆中的β—EP、D=mA113、AVID、OT存在显著差异；S组大鼠血浆中GC的浓度上升；胸腺细胞中GR显著降低。而C组和M组大鼠相比较，各指标无变化。由此可知，不同负荷训练导致大鼠免疫系统功能和神经内分泌系统功能发生不同的变化．两系统间内在的相关机制尚需进一步研究。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献