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首先,梳理并总结国内外核心专利识别方法的研究进展。国外学者主要通过专利引文、同族专利大小、权利要求数及专利诉讼4个指标来识别核心专利,国内学者主要通过专利引文、同族专利大小、布拉德福德定律和综合指标来识别核心专利;国外学者未给出核心专利的定义,国内学者给出了核心专利的定义。然后,在现有研究的基础上重新定义核心专利的概念,将一定时期某技术领域内具备一定竞争力和/或市场价值的专利称为核心专利;并假设这些专利与其他专利相比具有某种特殊属性,可以从专利文献信息中分离出来,称这种分离方法为核心专利识别。最后,提出采用综合指标识别核心专利,采用客观方法确定核心专利指标权重,并基于时域和技术领域开展核心专利指标效力研究是今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]在基因工程等新兴领域技术更迭尤为迅速,如何及时、准确地识别高影响力技术对捕捉技术机会、跟踪技术热点、分析技术演化都具有重要参考价值。[方法/过程]基于引文网络方法,引入影响域来揭示技术影响力扩散的范围,在空间上将评估范围从直接关系扩展到间接关系;引入活跃度来揭示技术影响力持续的时间,在时间上考虑了专利年龄和技术贡献的持久性,从空间和时间两个层面构建专利即时影响力指数。[结果/结论]从基因工程领域的技术成长期中筛选出40件高影响力专利,专利影响力评价结果与领域实际发展现状吻合。利用专利即时影响力指数不仅可以及时、准确捕捉到领域内现阶段的高影响力技术,还可以挖掘出基因工程在新冠肺炎疫情大背景下的整体研发热点的转变。[局限]从技术生命周期的角度来看,该指标适用于技术成长期的专利即时影响力评价。 相似文献
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近日,美国联邦最高法院对＂人类基因专利＂案作出裁决,认为人类基因专利无效。这一裁决逆转了先前有关判例,并且终结了美国三十多年的基因专利授权历史,从而给基因科技和生物医药带来危机和新的契机。一、基因科技和生物医药2013年是华生与克里克发表DNA双螺旋结构六十周年。六十年以来,基因科技和生物医药为人类各种疾病的诊断医治带来光明。同时,它们也造就了巨大财富。 相似文献
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目前我国专利实施和产业化呈现出高比例、多样化运行态势,引起了社会的广泛关注.本文总结回顾了我国不同历史阶段中专利实施与产业化情况的特点,分析了传统认知中过分关注专利实施比率的弊端与不足,指出传统社会认知和现行工作体系未能有效结合专利的制度、市场、信息、技术等多重属性,不能有力促进专利价值实现与创新绩效提升.在此基础之上,提出了基于专利运用、专利产品和研发与市场全过程的多元理论视角与价值评判标准.期待本研究能够赋予专利实施与产业化新的时代内涵,将社会对专利实施问题的关注转向如何提升专利运用水平、培育新的市场运用模式、形成政府资源合力,进而推动专利运用工作取得实效. 相似文献
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基于专利网络的技术演进研究方法探索 《科学学研究》2013,(5):651-0
技术演进研究可用于梳理技术领域的发展脉络和内部技术活动的发展历史及现状,对政府和企业的科技战略管理具有重要意义。专利引文分析在技术演进研究中存在难以准确判断专利的技术主题相似度、分析的范围和潜在信息的丰富性有限等缺陷,而文本挖掘方法可以对专利的文本内容进行深度分析,能在一定程度上弥补专利引文分析的缺陷,因此探索将专利引文分析与文本挖掘方法相结合,在专利引用关系矩阵和专利文本相似度矩阵的基础上创建C-T（Citation-Text）专利网络,并对C-T专利网络进行聚类分析和可视化展示来研究技术的演进过程,旨在进行技术演进研究方法的创新,丰富技术演进研究的方法体系。 相似文献
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专利是发现新技术信息独特的信息源,专利数据是堆在互联网上的一座"宝山",把专利数据变成专利情报能显著地推动国家和企业实施专利战略和建立技术竞争优势。如何从专利文献中提取技术、经济、法律信息并形成有效情报,针对此问题,本文在深入分析了专利情报分析方法、手段的基础上,着重阐述了专利情报分析在研发中的应用。 相似文献
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基于专利权无效宣告与专利侵权诉讼采取分离模式的制度,在专利侵权诉讼中产生了现有技术抗辩制度,但是现有技术抗辩制度的适应并不能有效解决专利侵权民事诉讼效率低下以及当事人负担过重的问题,因而有必要在我国专利侵权诉讼中引入当然无效抗辩制度。 相似文献
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聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术的颠覆性创新对人类生活产生了很大的影响,基于PCR所具大的市场潜力,国际著名公司进行了PCR专利垄断的战略布局和实施。通过文献检索和专利分析,对PCR技术垄断巨头Rachi的专利布局方式和垄断技术要点进行分析,解析其巨资买断专利和后续布局点专利的价值,说明后续巨额专利费的来源,同时解释了正是因为垄断策略布局而在原理性革命推进中垄断专利策略失效和后来专利居上的"专利蛙跳"原因。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献