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1.
陈书坤 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1991,29(3):193-229
本文通过对国产远志属的分类系统和外部形态(特别是花部、种子和种阜的形态)及花粉粒形态 的研究，结合地理分布，首次确认国产远志为3亚属、4组(其中2新组)，41种8变种。 相似文献
2.
马金双 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1989,27(5):321-364
本文通过对东亚和南亚马兜铃属的研究，修改了马兜铃属的分类系统，补充论证了演化趋势；并
在分析该属地理分布的基础上提出马兜铃属分布与分化的第二个中心——中国的横断山区。 本文确
认2亚属、7组、4系、68种和1变种，其中有3新组、2新种及13个新异名。 相似文献
3.
马金双 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1992,30(6):508-514
多药马兜钤亚属是马兜铃属目前已知3个亚属中最小的一个亚属，约9种，其中8种产于热带
非洲，1种产于热带亚洲(马来西亚)。 本工作从经典分类学角度对该亚属的系统进行了探讨，首次利用花药数目及其排列方式将其划分为三个组，并对其中所含的种类进行了分类学处理，本文承认9种及3个新异名。 相似文献
4.
本文着重运用聚类分析的方法，对河北地区堇菜属植物进行研究，确定本属中组和亚
组的划分界限，并通过对形态学特征和地理分布式样的分析，确认蒙古堇菜(V. mongolica
Franch．)和北京堇菜(V．pekinensis(Regel) W．Beck．)实属同一个种，北京堇菜不应作为
独立的种存在。通过将美丽堇菜组(Sect．Melanium Ging．)与其它类群进行比较，发现差异
很大，超出了组和组间的相似性范围，因而支持Juzepczuk(1949)将它提升为亚属的分类处 理。 相似文献
5.
胡玉熹 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1986,24(6):464-468
作者在扫描电镜下，比较观察了松属l7种2变种针叶角质层内表面的结构特征。结果
表明，针叶角质层内表面的角质颗粒突起与凹陷雕纹变化不甚明显，但胞间凸缘的特征差异较
为显著，如单维管束松亚属(白皮松组除外)为红松型，双维管束松亚属为油松型，而白皮松组
则为白皮松型。此一特征为松属的分类研究，又提供了一个新的证据。
本文综合讨论了松属针叶的结构及角质层内、外表面结构特征，木材解剖，木材管胞内壁
的瘤层特征，树皮显微结构，以及染色体组型分析等资料，作者认为：松属中两个亚属的划分是符合自然的，同时将原属单维管束松亚属中的白皮松组分出来，自成白皮松亚属也是合适的。 相似文献
6.
国产芸香科九里香属化学分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
九里香是芸香科的一个小属，主要分布于我国南部及中南半岛，少数个别品种向西南
延伸至印度和斯里兰卡及向东南伸展至澳洲东北部。 我国境内共有8种和1亚种。 九里香
属植物含丰富的生物碱和香豆精，其中包括不少生物活性成分，民间亦每每选用该属植物作传
统草药。最近又从千里香的根部分离得一种新的双吲哚生物碱，命名为月橘烯碱; 该成分有强
效的抗着床活性，对计划生育有重大意义。在发掘月橘烯碱的自然资源的研究过程中，作者分
析了国产的8种九里香属植物，发现该属植物可以划分为两组，即九里香组和棕茎组。九里香
组之成员跟棕茎组的在形态上有明显分别，而且前者之根部含抗着床成分月橘烯碱和8-戊烯
化香豆精，但后者之根部则含咔巴唑生物碱。初步分析了澳洲的卵叶九里香和泰国的暹罗九 里香，其形态及化学成分亦支持将该属分为两组。作者据此发表新组合。 相似文献
7.
本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜，对豹子花属Nomocharis 6种植物和百合属Lilium 4
种植物的花粉形态与外部特征作了较系统的比较研究，其结果如下： 1．豹子花属植物花粉的
萌发孔均为单沟(远极)型，根据其外壁结构及表面纹饰的特点，可分为基柱网纹型和网纹
型，结合外部形态特征推断，可能存在由基柱网纹→网纹的进化趋势。 2．百合属植物花粉
的萌发孔多为单沟(远极)型，稀为2一3孔型，然而，其中外部形态极为相近的小百合集合群与
尖被百合在花粉形态上表现出较大的差异，这一事实为研究百合科花粉的演化提供了线索。豹
子花属与百合属花粉虽在表面纹饰上存在区别，但从外部形态上，该属的一些种类与百合属极 为相近，反映出二属之间存在着较为紧密的亲缘关系。 相似文献
8.
广义的安息香科(Styracaceae)有15个属，本文报道了其中13属93种植物的光学显微
镜与扫描电镜的花粉形态观察结果，根据这15个属的花粉形态特征可将它们归之为三个花粉
类型，即：安息香型，山矾型及非洲安息香型。在Wagenitz(1964)的安息香科系统中所包括
的11个成员，正好都是属安息香型花粉的那11个属，因此他的观点可以从花粉形态方面获得
有力的支持。将其他的四个属，即：山矾属(Symplocos)，非洲安息香属(Afrostyrax)，蒜味树属
(Hua)，尖药树属(Lissocarpa)从安息香科中分出的处理是合理的。狭义的安息香科有11个
属，其中大多数属之间，在花粉形态上较难区分，这是由于安息香属的花粉形态变异幅度可以
将其它几个属的都包括进去。因此我们认为，狭义的安息香科是一个很自然的分类群，安息香属以外的10个属可能都是通过安息香属在进化过程中衍生而得的产物。 相似文献
9.
中国车前属种子形态及其分类学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了中国车前科Plantaginaceae车前属plantago2亚属8组17种及1变种植物的种子，
在扫描电子显微镜下的形态及亚显微结构(种皮纹饰)．结果表明种子形态有四个类型：1，多角形类型；2．舟形类型；3．卵形类型；4．矩圆形类型。各个种的种子形态和种皮纹饰有着相当明显的区别。新种plantago densiflorus的建立应用了种子形态和种皮纹饰这一特征。车前种子形态分类与pilger用植物其他形态特征建立的车前属分类系统是一致的，因此，笔者支持Pilger的车前属分类系统。 相似文献
10.
猕猴桃科的花粉形态及其系统位置的探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
张芝玉 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(1):9-23
本文作者用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(少数种类用透射电镜)对猕猴桃科Actinidia-
ceae(按照Cronquist 1981和Dahlgren 1983的概念)的猕猴桃属Actinidia(15种)、藤山柳
属Clematoclethra(5种)和水东哥属Saurauia(3种)植物的花粉形态进行了观察，并与山茶科
Theaceae(7属9种)和山柳科Clethraceae(1属1种)的花粉进行了对比分析。根据花粉的
资料，并综合分析有关的外部形态、胚胎和化学方面的特征，讨论了猕猴桃科的范围，以及这个
科的系统位置。 相似文献
11.
张志耘 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1986,24(4):297-303
The present paper deals with taxonomic studies on the genera Lathraea
Linn. and Christisonia Gard. (Orobanchaceae) in China. In the genus Lathraea, only a
single species in China, L. japonica Miq., is recongnized in the paper. It occurs in sou-
thern Shaanxi, southern Gansu, southeastern Sichuan, northern Guizhou and northern
Guangdong, also in Japan. L. miqueliana Franch. et Sav., L. chinfushanica Hu et Tang
and L. japonica Miq. var. miqueliana (Franch. et Sav.) Ohwi are treated as new synon-
yms of L. japonica Miq. in this paper.
In the genus Christisonia, the most of collections from China, which were identi-
fied as C. sinensis G. Beck before, are treated as a new synonym of C. hookeri C. B.
Clarke. A few collections of this genus from China, which were mistakenly described
as Gleadovia lepoense Hu snd G. kwangtungense Hu, should be transferred to Christi-
sonia hookeri C. B. Clarke. It is distributed in southeastern and south China, westwards
to the Himalayas. 相似文献
12.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(3):189-203
After having examined all specimens of the genus Prenanthes L. of Compositae in
the Herbarium of Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, I find that the classic concept on the
genus Prenanthes established by G. Bentham in 1873 has not been held exactly by some of Euro-
pean, American, Japanese and Chinese botanists. For example, W. B. Hemsley, S. T. Dunn, A.
Franchet, S. Kitamura and C. C. Chang placed plants from China which belong to other groups
into the genus; I also find that the classic concept of the genus is not clear. The present paper
makes a revision not only on the classic concept of the genus, but also on its concept assumed by
the above-mentionded botanists.
With the combination of numerous (25-35), white or yellow ligular florets, numerous ribs
of achenes, Prenanthes alba L. (Nabalus albus (L.) Shih, comb. nov.) is distinctly different
from Prenanthes purpurea L., which has the combination of purple, few (5-15) ligular flo-
rests and few ribs of achenes. Nabalus Cass., as a genus established early (1825) by H. Cassini,
should be restored. It is not reasonable to treat Nabalus as a subgenus (E. B. Babcock et al.
1947) or a section (S. Kitamura, 1956) or as a synonym (G. Bentham, 1983) of the genus
Preanathes L.
The present author recognizes seven species in the new revised genus Prenanthes L. in
China, 4 of which are described as new. In the genus Nabalus Cass. only one species, N.
ochroleuca Maxim., is distributed in Northeast China.
As Lactuca melanantha Franch. (1895), Prenanthes henryi Dunn (1903), P. glandulosa
Dunn (1903), Lactuca triflora Hemsl. (1888) (it was transferred to Prenanthes L. by C. C.
Chang in 1934), Prenanthes formosana Kitam. (1934) and P. wilsoni Chang (1934) all have
campanulate involucres, purple phyllaries, purple dorsi-ventrally compressed achenes, longitu-
dinal rids 6-9 on each side of achene truncate and beakless at its apex and pilose tubes of co-
rollae, they should be placed neither into the genus Prenanthes with obtusely tri-or pentagonous,
subterete achenes and glabrous tubes of corollae, nor into the genus Lactuca with beak achenes.
Besides the above-mentioned species misnamed by some of foreign and Chinese botanists, 6 other
species also have the same structure in achenes and corollae. Evidently, they fall into a new
genus with the name Notoseris Shih.
The new genus Notoseris Shih of the tribe Lactuceae of Compositae seems to be more re-
miniscent of Lactuca L. than of Prenanthes L. emend.
All the 12 species of the genus Notoseris Shih are endemic to China and distributed in the
area of south of Yantze River. Of them 6 are new combinations and 6 are described as new. 相似文献
13.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(6):418-428
Having mixed extremely various patterns of achenes for a long time in
the genus Lactuca L., especially showed in the classification of it on the mainland of Asia,
Lactuca L., the primary unnatural genus, becomes more nuclear in its limit. The present
paper makes a revision to attempt providing a clear cline between Lactuca L. and its relative
genera.
On my opinion, only plants, represented by Lactuca sativa L., which have ovoid capitu-
lum during its fruiting, numerous (7-25), yellow ligular florets and longitudinal 1-10 ribs
or striae on each side of achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex, should be defined as
Lactuca L.
In view of the present concept of Lactuca L., another group of plants, embodied by
Lactuca indica L., having its broadening, thin winged-margin of, 1-3 striae on each side of
achenes, black, dorsi-ventral compressed, acute into thick and short beak at its apex, evident-
ly, should not be placed into Lactuca L., but be regarded as genus, i.e. Pterocypsela Shih,
gen. nov. Pterocypsela Shih distributes in Eastern and southern Asia, where Lactuca L. does
not occur. In China there is all of species, seven species, of Pterocypsela Shih. They are P.
raddeana (Maxim.) Shih, P. indica (L.) Shih, P. elata (Hemsl.) Shih P. lacciniata (Houtt.)
Shih, P. triangulata (Maxim.) Shih, P. sonchus (Lévl.) Shih and P. formosana (Maxim.)
Shih, But in Mediterranean regions and Middle and Western Asia mainly distributes Lactu-
ca L., in which there are only seven species from western China, Xijiang autonomic district.
They are L. dolichophylla Kitam., L. sativa L., L. altaica Fisch. et Mey., L. serriola Torner,
L. dissecta Don, L. auriculata DC. and L. undulata Ledb.
With the combination of violet-purple ligular florets non-ovoid capitulum during its
fruiting, a little thick achenes, acuminate into longer. or short beak at its apex and 4-6 ribs
on each side of it, Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. is evidently different from Lactuca sativa L.
with combination of ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, yellow ligular florets and compres-
sed achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex. There seems to be no point in refusing Mu-
lgedium Cass. as a genus. Strictly speak, Mulgedium Cass. seems to be reminiscent of Para-
prenanthes Chang (see bellow) without beak at the apex of its achenes. In Hengduan moun-
tains and mountain range of Himalayas M. tataricum (L.) DC. discoveries its relative par-
tners. They are M. bracteatum (Mook. f. ex. C. B. Clarke) Shih, M. lessertianum (Wall. ex
C. B. Clarke) DC., M. monocephalum (Chang) Shih, M. umbrosum (Dunn) Shih, M. meridi-
onale Shih and M. polypodifolium (Franch.) Shih.
Having broadering and thickening margin and 4-7 striae on each side of achenes, grey,
dorsi-ventral compressed, truncate and beakless at its apex, Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth. ex
Maxim. (Sonchus sibiricus L.) is not only different from Lactuca sativa L. with the combi-
nation of yellow ligular florets and filiform beak at apex of its achenes, but also from the
genus Mulgedium Cass. with beak at apex of its achenes. Therefore, Lagedium Sojak, establi-
shed by J. Sojak (1961), should be restored. It should be point out that Lagedium Sojak is
monotypic genus excluding Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. with beak at the apex of its ache-
nes, non-marginated. Lagedium Sojak widely distributes in temperate and frigid zone of
northern hemisphere. In our country, Lagedium sibiricum (L.) Sojak, sole species of the ge-
nus, restricts its northeast region.
Paraprenanthes Chang, the new genus, established by Ch. Ch. Chang (1950) based on La-
ctuca sororia Miq. and Lactuca yunnanensis Franch. seems to be a distinct genus. This ge-
nus is characterized by 4-6 ribs on each side of achenes, black, fusiform, a little thick and
beakless at its apex. Besides above-mentioned two species, assigned by Chang, in forest of tro-
pic and subtropic zones on the mainland of Asia there are many species with same structure
in achenes like L. sororia Miq. and L. yunnanensis Franch. The genus Paraprenanthes Chang
seems to be reminiscants of Mulgedium Cass. and Lagedium Sojak, but differs from the former
in its beakless achenes, from the later in its non-marginated achenes and 4-6 ribs on each
side of it. In our country, there are all species of the genus known in the tropic and sub-
tropic zones on the mainland of Asia. They are P. sororia (Miq.) Shih, P. yunnanensis (Fra-
nch.) Shih, P. longiloba Ling et Shih, sp. nov., P. heptontha Shih et D. J. Liou, sp. nov., P.
prenanthoides (Hemsl.) Shih, P. pilipes (Migo) Shih, P. thirionii (Lévl.) Shih, P. sylvicola
Shih., sp. nov., P. multiformis Shih, sp. nov., P. auriculiformis Shih, sp. nov. and P. sagitti-
formis Shih, sp. nov. 相似文献
14.
本文对国产棕榈藤3属21种茎的表皮组织进行了系统的比较观察,首次报道了棕榈藤茎表皮细
胞的排列式样,并结合表皮细胞类型和气孔、“反射体”的有无等特征,将国产棕榈藤茎的表皮组织划分
为3种类型3种亚型。(1)钩叶藤型:表皮细胞为长方形,细胞交错排列呈砖墙状。(2)黄藤型:表皮细
胞为不规则的四边形,细胞排列呈不规则网状,如龟背。(3)省藤型:A亚型,表皮细胞六边形,细胞排列
呈网状,气孔平列型或四轮列型;B亚型,表皮细胞四边形,细胞交错排列呈砖墙状,细胞长轴平行于茎轴,气孔梭状四轮列型;C亚型,表皮细胞四边形,垂周壁呈波浪状,细胞交错排列如砖墙状,细胞的长轴.平行于茎轴。本文还讨论了棕榈藤茎表皮组织的特征及其在分类上的意义。 相似文献
15.
本文根据近四十年来积累的丰富标本材料，对盾蕨属Neolepisorus Ching分
类的正确与否进行了研究。 本属从原来只有3个种的一个小属发展到今天的
11个种的中等属，有力地说明了我国植物资源的丰富，并从一个侧面反映了四
十年代以来我国植物分类学研完取得了巨大进展。 特别有意义的是，这个属的
许多种各自显示着形态变异的多样性，即一个种的叶型往往从正常的全缘单叶
能发展为各种不同程度的畸形分裂，对它们分类上的鉴定造成一定的困难，同 时，对他们的形态发生的研究也提供了一个新课题。 相似文献
16.
本文通过对本属研究历史、形态特征和各类标本的系统研究，确认了M . compactilorus命名模式在中国有分布，发表了2个新种，M . scandens Hsueh et Hui和M . fimbriatus Hsueh et Hui编制了分种检索表。 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
Hooker (1882) has reported three varieties in Bidens pilosa species i. e., pilosa
Proper, Linn. bipinnata Linn. and decomposita Wall. Clarke (1876) has included
var. decomposita into B. pilosa proper. Taxonomic position of varieties pilosa proper
and bipinnata is much confusing in literature. Babu (1977)has raised varieties pilosa
proper and bipinnata as distinct species level into B. pilosa and B. bipinnata
respectively. The present taximetric study also justified the distinction of these varieties
as specific level.
Hooker has reported three varieties of species B. pilosa i.e., pilosa proper Linn.,
bipinnata Linn., and decomposita Wall. from the Himalayan region of India. Clarke
(1876) has included var. decomposita into B. pilosa proper. During taxonomic work on
the family Compositae author has found that taxonomic position of var. pilosa proper
and bipinnata is much confusing in literature. Babu (1977) has raised varieties pilosa
proper and bipinnata as distinct species level. Looking to this discretion, it was de-eided to use taximetrics in interpreting taxonomic status of these taxa. 相似文献
20.
竹类果实与淀粉形态及系统位置 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文收集了竹类5个族21属30种的竹类果实，作了外部形态与淀粉形态的研究，从而为确立
各竹属的系统分类位置提供了科学依据，进一步证实了浆果类果实不具有胚乳，从而认为Oreocalamus
(Keng，1940)，Qiongzhuea(薛纪如等，1979)，Ferrocalamus(耿伯介等，1982)与Chimonobambusa
Subg．Chimonobambusa系统位置更接近于Melocanneae(Keng，1940)。 竹类果实淀粉均为复粒结构。果实大小、淀粉粒大小与淀粉小粒相互之间有一定的联系。 相似文献