共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
基于运作管理研究的全息范式,分析权衡定律的机理,澄清运作战略中争论不休的关于权衡定律的若干重要问题。首先,区分了分别存在针对竞争要素与针对竞争能力的两种不同性质的权衡;其次,提出新的绩效前沿面理论,解释和预测针对静态竞争能力的一阶权衡关系,体现竞争集群内短期的竞争优势;第三,提出时间绩效前沿面理论,解释和预测针对动态竞争要素的二阶权衡关系,反映企业的改进能力及其可能存在的演化能力,体现企业在全行业内的持续竞争优势;最后,指出新的绩效前沿面理论与时间绩效前沿面理论合而不同的共同作用构成权衡定律的运作机理。 相似文献
2.
A well-developed and aligned knowledge management (KM) strategy and active top management participation are two of the key strategic issues in KM. The studies on KM strategy and the role of top management have mainly focused on big firms. The basic requirements and resources of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are different from big firms. Consequently, KM practices are different in SMEs as compared to big firms, and a thorough study of various aspects of KM for SMEs is needed. This research work is an attempt to study strategic issues in KM in SMEs in India, with particular reference to the automotive component sector. Customer-focused knowledge is the most common KM strategy among Indian automotive component manufacturers. Top management is more active and supportive in KM initiatives in international auto component manufacturers. Indian SMEs need to focus more on the strategic issues in KM for reaping the benefits of KM for sustainable competitiveness. 相似文献
3.
《Research Policy》2004,33(5):829-839
This paper deals with the fit between operations strategy and product innovation. The literature review suggests that product-innovating firms should have specific, competitive priorities with regard to operations. In order to test this proposition, we carried out a survey of the competitive priorities in the Spanish ceramic tile industry. We classified respondents according to the number of new products launched between 1997 and 1999. New products were identified according to the literature-based innovation output indicator. Our results revealed that the more-innovative firms follow a different operations strategy than the less-innovative firms because of the emphasis placed on flexibility and quality capabilities. 相似文献
4.
5.
In recent years, many different types of e-government projects have been implemented across the developing world. One important application area, especially following the Millennium Development Goals, is the introduction of health information systems to improve the management of health care for development. Despite significant investments in these projects, experience reveals a disjuncture between macro-level policy priorities and micro-level implementation of these programmes. We use a broad conceptualization of evaluation to synthesize priorities at different levels during the implementation of an e-government project—the Health Information Systems Project (HISP) in Andhra Pradesh, India. This enables us to identify important enabling processes and conditions which serve to connect policy and implementation priorities. Our findings suggest that evaluation does help us to understand the disjuncture between policy at the macro level and implementation at the micro level and to identify linkages between the two. Finally, we discuss some of the key institutional issues that need to be addressed to translate the learning derived from the field into policy actions. 相似文献
6.
7.
There is probably no more dramatic an example of a developing country acquiring an industrial capability demanding the highest levels of technological and managerial skills, than that of the Indian nuclear industry. With the detonation of a nuclear device by India, much concern has been expressed that this is a case of nuclear proliferation resulting from an aid programme of a western state (Canada).This study demonstrates that rather than an aid programme, Canadian/Indian nuclear cooperation has been mutually beneficial to both countries' industries. In fact, India was a full risk-sharing partner in the development of the CANDU technology. It is also shown that there were no agreements with Canada broken by the Indian Government and that the detonation of the device was not a consequence of the links between the two programmes. Differences between the structures of the Canadian and Indian nuclear industries and the implications of these differences to broader national policies are discussed.The paper offers a basic criteria for the determination of the ‘appropriateness’ of a technology which, if applied to commercial nuclear power generating reactors, would result in a very gradual proliferation of this technology. In discussing the process of technology transfer, the paper identifies an optimal relative level of development between the industries of the two nations concerned. This relationship suggests that the most likely pattern of transfer in the future will be between LDCs that wish a new technological capability and other LDCs that have already acquired a certain level of competence. 相似文献
8.
Jie Yuan Zhenyu Yang Chenglong Deng Wout Krijgsman Xiumian Hu Shihu Li Zhongshan Shen Huafeng Qin Wei An Huaiyu He Lin Ding Zhengtang Guo Rixiang Zhu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(7)
The India-Asia collision is an outstanding smoking gun in the study of continental collision dynamics. How and when the continental collision occurred remains a long-standing controversy. Here we present two new paleomagnetic data sets from rocks deposited on the distal part of the Indian passive margin, which indicate that the Tethyan Himalaya terrane was situated at a paleolatitude of ∼19.4°S at ∼75 Ma and moved rapidly northward to reach a paleolatitude of ∼13.7°N at ∼61 Ma. This implies that the Tethyan Himalaya terrane rifted from India after ∼75 Ma, generating the North India Sea. We document a new two-stage continental collision, first at ∼61 Ma between the Lhasa and Tethyan Himalaya terranes, and subsequently at ∼53−48 Ma between the Tethyan Himalaya terrane and India, diachronously closing the North India Sea from west to east. Our scenario matches the history of India-Asia convergence rates and reconciles multiple lines of geologic evidence for the collision. 相似文献
9.
从软件外包看中国软件企业的发展与创新 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
全球软件企业的发展模式主要有三种：美国模式、印度模式和日本模式。全球软件外包市场规模已达到1000亿美元，发包市场主要集中在北美、西欧和日本，接包市场主要是印度和爱尔兰。中国软件企业发展软件外包。需要注意国内国际市场并重，深化对日软件外包，借鉴印度模式拓展欧戋市场，重视CMM等业务流程管理，以文化为先导，加强教育培训和通过创新提升软件外包价值链。 相似文献
10.
Ashok V. Desai 《Research Policy》1980,9(1):74-96
This paper surveys the trends in industrial R&D in India over the last two decades. It shows that there has been a rapid rise in R&D expenditure and a shift in its composition towards in-house corporate R&D and away from R&D in government laboratories, which is explained by the laboratories' lack of market orientation and manufacturing experience. According to cross-section studies of corporate R&D, larger companies aim towards larger technological advances and take a longer view; but the overall composition of corporate R&D shows no discernible change. This apparent inconsistency is explained by the development of the technology market. Much R&D was triggered off by the need for import replacement arising from import controls till 1965 and later by the need for product diversification in the recession. But construction of new plants and mechanization for speeding up operations, activities where sustained R&D can yield large firms a steady flow of innovations, were unimportant or infrequent, and the demand for technology they gave rise to was largely met by imports. 相似文献
11.
In recent years, many different types of e-government projects have been implemented across the developing world. One important application area, especially following the Millennium Development Goals, is the introduction of health information systems to improve the management of health care for development. Despite significant investments in these projects, experience reveals a disjuncture between macro-level policy priorities and micro-level implementation of these programmes. We use a broad conceptualization of evaluation to synthesize priorities at different levels during the implementation of an e-government project—the Health Information Systems Project (HISP) in Andhra Pradesh, India. This enables us to identify important enabling processes and conditions which serve to connect policy and implementation priorities. Our findings suggest that evaluation does help us to understand the disjuncture between policy at the macro level and implementation at the micro level and to identify linkages between the two. Finally, we discuss some of the key institutional issues that need to be addressed to translate the learning derived from the field into policy actions. 相似文献
12.
英迪拉·甘地国立开放大学（The Indira Gandhi National Open University）是印度专门进行远程教育的最高学府,在印度远程教育中具有指导作用,处于领先地位,是世界上最大的大学之一,对我国的远程高等教育的发展有良好的参考作用。 相似文献
13.
The serum PSA is universally accepted as the useful and clinically relevant tumor marker for monitoring therapy and identifying
early recurrence in patients of carcinoma prostate throughout the world. However, application of serum PSA is limited to screening
for early adenocarcinoma prostate among males above fifty years of age.
Serum PSA concentration varies from one population to another in different parts of the world. Many groups of workers have
selected 4 ng/ml of serum PSA as upper limit of normal range without giving due consideration for age specific increase in
serum PSA. There is no single report available on normal decade wise age specific reference intervals for serum PSA in Indian
males.
The present study is undertaken to establish age specific reference intervals in healthy Indian males from 20–89 years belonging
to subpopulation of Andhra Pradesh from South India. Our results revealed lowest concentration of 95 percentile serum PSA
in Indian males compared to other populations globally. Contrary to this, healthy Afro Americans were found to have highest
concentration of serum PSA compared to all other populations. 相似文献
14.
Viet T. Dao 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2019,30(1):70-81
The shakeout period after the emergence of a dominant design is very important to technology followers and niche market producers, who need adjust to significant changes in the competitive landscape. We posit that such innovating firms use strategic signals that address technical-, market-, and standards-uncertainty associated with their innovations to communicate with market participants to reduce participants' perceived uncertainties associated with the innovative products. Studying technology followers and niche market producers in the personal computer industry during its 1982–1989 shakeout period, we found that technology followers and niche market producers differ in their use of technical-, market-, and standards-related signals. Additionally, using event study methodology, we find that technology followers' strategic signals have significant positive impacts on both their own and other followers' stock prices. Meanwhile, niche market producers' strategic signals have significant positive impacts on their own stock prices, but not significant impacts on other niche market producers and technology followers' stock prices. 相似文献
15.
This paper presents a taxonomy of entrepreneurial behaviour vis-à-vis technology, derived from empirical research on a specific sector, that of the chemicals industry in Venezuela. The research focuses heavily on the accumulation of minor innovations through which enterprises acquire their technical knowledge and know how, their technological learning. We have tried to give a precise empirical meaning to that notion in order to understand which are the most important variables that affect the technical learning process. Both the process of technological learning and the technical external linkages — in particular with foreign firms — of Venezuelan companies seem to be the fundamental factors in understanding the development of a new competitive industry which adopts a new products-oriented strategy. But not all firms do respond to such a scheme and it is thus necessary to develop a taxonomy of the industrial sector both for scholarly reasons as well as a policy guide. 相似文献
16.
进入20世纪90年代以后,印度的IT产业成为其经济发展的新增长点,印度被公认为世界IT发展的产业基地,这与政府在信息基础设施、信息产业、信息技术、信息资源开发利用等方面的政策导向作用密切相关,其成功经验可对我国的信息化建设有所启示与借鉴. 相似文献
17.
Robert Wilson 《Research Policy》1977,6(2):114-126
This paper summarizes recent empirical evidence on international licensing of technology and its determinants. Two empirical questions are treated. First, does evidence support a view that international licensing is more prevalent than domestic licensing? Second, what does the evidence imply about the causes of international versus domestic differences?Aggregate licensing data support the view of greater international than domestic licensing. This evidence is not conclusive, however, because the size of a country in relation to the rest of the world has an important influence on the data.Some evidence supports an ‘expansion constraint’ view that financial and organizational constraints are greater for overseas than domestic expansion and therefore licensing tends to be more popular internationally. More extensive evidence supports an additional view of the causes of international versus domestic licensing differences. This explanation, the ‘oligopoly’ view, is that firms seek to maintain segmented geographic markets by not licensing their technology to domestic competitors. Support for the ‘oligopoly’ view comes from our previous study of US licensing, from Japanese data, and from an independent British study. An interpretation of empirical results for Japan is that in other countries, notably the US, rival firms are unwilling to license their know-how and production secrets to each other for fear of losing their market position. There is, however, a valuable pool of technology which they could license, and in fact are willing to license to firms that aren't expected to be direct competitors. These licensees tend to be in foreign countries because the rivals' possibilities for expansion there are limited. 相似文献
18.
Patent trolls (or sharks) are patent holding individuals or (often small) firms who trap R&D intensive manufacturers in patent infringement situations in order to receive damage awards for the illegitimate use of their technology. While of great concern to management, their existence and impact for both corporate decision makers and policy makers remains to be fully analyzed from an academic standpoint. In this paper we show why patent sharks can operate profitably, why they are of growing concern, how manufacturers can forearm themselves against them, and which issues policy makers need to address. To do so, we map international indemnification rules with strategic rationales of small patent-holding firms and large manufacturers within a theoretical model. Our central finding is that the courts’ unrealistic consideration of the trade-offs faced by inadvertent infringers is a central condition for sharks to operate profitably. 相似文献
19.
Tourism firms operate in a competitive sector where innovating is often a condition for survival. This article presents a theoretical framework for understanding tourist firms’ innovative behaviour and innovation systems in tourism. The innovativeness of tourism firms and its determinants are investigated by analysing quantitative as well as qualitative data comparing Spain and Denmark. A taxonomy of tourism firms is suggested and the firms’ characteristics which influence their innovativeness are presented. Additionally, the role of innovation networks is discussed, as is the role of innovation systems. The article suggests that large size, professionalism, but also entrepreneurship among small tourism firms are important determinants of innovation. Varied innovation networks are another determinant as are supportive innovation systems. These determinants favour Spanish firms, which are more innovative than Danish ones. In the final section, policy recommendations are presented. 相似文献
20.
To what extent is scientific research related to societal needs? To answer this crucial question systematically we need to contrast indicators of research priorities with indicators of societal needs. We focus on rice research and technology between 1983 and 2012. We combine quantitative methods that allow investigation of the relation between ‘revealed’ research priorities and ‘revealed’ societal demands, measured respectively by research output (publications) and national accounts of rice use and farmers’ and consumers’ rice-related needs. We employ new bibliometric data, methods and indicators to identify countries’ main rice research topics (priorities) from publications. For a panel of countries, we estimate the relation between revealed research priorities and revealed demands. We find that, across countries and time, societal demands explain a country's research trajectory to a limited extent. Some research priorities are nicely aligned to societal demands, confirming that science is partly related to societal needs. However, we find a relevant number of misalignments between the focus of rice research and revealed demands, crucially related to human consumption and nutrition. We discuss some implications for research policy. 相似文献