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1.
数字技术的逆向塑造:论数字技术的张力 《科学学研究》2023,41(2):202-211
数字化时代背景下,数字技术的成长速度正在赶超人类社会的发展速度,关于数字技术重塑物理世界所引发的人与技术关系异化问题,已然成为当代技术管理研究的首要“攻坚战役”。在这场逆向塑造过程中,数字技术凭借开放性、可供性与自生长性共同作用的重构能力,逐渐获得脱离于社会经济系统而独立构建的力量。具体表现为数字化技术形态由“小圈子”“大生态”向“智能社会”演进,数字化技术靶向由“粗放”“精准”向“重构”转变。进一步地,通过数字技术逆向塑造现实世界,构建了“人与技术关系倒置”的解释框架,以及阐述了数字技术驱动下的“数字脚本-数字模块-数字生态-数字世界”的重塑路径,为深入了解数字技术逆向塑造物理世界的内在机理和实现路径提供了新见解。 相似文献
2.
This article critically assesses the policy orientation, social impacts, and linkages of telecommunications in the United States within a government deregulated policy environment and an increasingly globalized economy. Deregulation has been driven by both ideological and technological demands, stemming from several political and economic transformations in the world economy, the collapse of state socialism in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and greater oligopolistic competition among transnational corporations. An expanded infrastructure of new digital information and communications technology (ICT) is the foundation of a worldwide political economic regime of accumulation. ICT increases command and control capabilities of large corporations, together with the mobility and liquidity of capital, making it essential to the restructuring of the world economy, the new international division of labor, and the creation of global "information city" networks. At the same time, government deregulation and rapid technological change are associated with a number of spatial, economic, and social dualisms. 相似文献
3.
In this paper we discuss the social and ethical issues that arise as a result of digitization based on six dominant technologies: Internet of Things, robotics, biometrics, persuasive technology, virtual & augmented reality, and digital platforms. We highlight the many developments in the digitizing society that appear to be at odds with six recurring themes revealing from our analysis of the scientific literature on the dominant technologies: privacy, autonomy, security, human dignity, justice, and balance of power. This study shows that the new wave of digitization is putting pressure on these public values. In order to effectively shape the digital society in a socially and ethically responsible way, stakeholders need to have a clear understanding of what such issues might be. Supervision has been developed the most in the areas of privacy and data protection. For other ethical issues concerning digitization such as discrimination, autonomy, human dignity and unequal balance of power, the supervision is not as well organized. 相似文献
4.
‘Power and the digital divide’ 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jeremy Moss 《Ethics and Information Technology》2002,4(2):159-165
The ethical and political dilemmas raised byInformation and Communication Technology (ICT)have only just begun to be understood. Theimpact of centralised data collection, masscommunication technologies or the centrality ofcomputer technology as a means of accessingimportant social institutions, all poseimportant ethical and political questions. As away of capturing some of these effects I willcharacterise them in terms of the type of powerand, more particularly, the Power-over peoplethat they exercise. My choice of thisparticular nomenclature is that it allows us todescribe, firstly, how specific technologiesoperate and second, exactly what sorts ofconstraints they impose on people. The reasonfor this focus has to do with a further aim ofthe essay, which is to intervene in aparticular type of debate that is often hadaround the appropriate use and scope oftheories of power that are employed in thinkingabout ICT, especially those theories associatedwith the work of Michel Foucault. There isconsiderable use of his work in computerethics, but my claim will be that despite theproductive uses of his work in the areas ofsurveillance, for instance, it does not exhaustthe larger potential of his work on power and,in part, `government.' I will argue that inorder to properly understand the politicalimpact of some aspects of ICT, especially thedigital divide, one needs an account of howpower operates that includes more traditionaltypes of power-over. To the extent that I willdeal with these concerns, the paper is both acontribution to debates about the nature andscope of Foucault's theory of power and to theissue of the effects of the digital divide. 相似文献
5.
因信息媒介的交互而更为紧密的艺术世界里,艺术的传统界限正在被消解,数字媒介与新传播技术正影响并改变当代版画的艺术形态、观念及展示方式。新的媒介技术再次和版画艺术形成新一波的科技和艺术上交互,不但使其面貌上产生新变化,也因对数字技术的运用,更主动地介入到了当代艺术的创作中。 相似文献
6.
In the case of technology transitions to low-carbon sources of energy, there is growing evidence that even in countries with a strong political consensus in favor of a transition, the pace has been slow in comparison with the need to reduce greenhouse gases. One factor that affects the slowness of the transition is political resistance from the incumbent industrial regime. Using data on the mobilization of resistance from the fossil-fuel industry in the United States, the study builds on the growing literature on the political dimensions of sustainability transitions by drawing attention to the role of incumbent regime coalitions, grassroots coalitions in support of green transition policies, and countervailing industrial power. Case studies of political coalitions for ballot propositions in the U.S. are used to show how countervailing industrial power, especially from the technology and financial sector, can tip the balance of electoral spending in favor of grassroots organizations. 相似文献
7.
Armando Menéndez-Viso 《Ethics and Information Technology》2009,11(2):155-162
Transparency has evolved from an individual, dangerous power in Plato to a desirable, collective property in the contemporary world. This paper intends to give a brief account of this long and somehow surprising path and extract some interesting consequences for economic and political activities, as well as for information technologies. Six literary masterpieces are used to highlight the contradictions and dangers entailed by the abuse of the fascinating metaphor of transparency. In the end, what is usually intended when demanding transparency from a corporation, a firm or a state is more (or more accessible) information about it, i.e., understandable and abundant black and white data. This means reporting, picturing, producing material, becoming apparent, which is precisely the contrary of being transparent. We don’t want to look through, but to look directly at. The question, then, is not transparency, but opacity: what do we need and want to see, and how is this going to be produced? 相似文献
8.
ICT领域跨学科关联度的块段模型分析——基于我国校企合作申请的专利 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
校企合作申请的发明专利能很好地反映高校科研成果供应与企业核心技术需求的对接。尝试以这类专利的主、次分类号为切入点,借助2009年OECD有关ICT领域的展望和政策,首次采用块段模型,分析该领域四大技术主题内部及其与非ICT领域间跨学科的技术关联,区别四大主题的技术路径依赖,挖掘技术平台,预测研发重点。助于我国ICT核心技术的把握和研发战略的布局,助于企业开展竞争情报分析,也为跨学科研究及其产业化提供了借鉴。 相似文献
9.
科学实践哲学视野中的科学传播 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
认为从科学实践哲学的角度看,科学是源于实验室的地方性知识。科学知识就是福柯意义上具有塑造场景作用的权力关系。科学传播本质上是实验室的权力关系对整个社会的标准化重构,同时又是社会对科学知识与权力关系的“去标准化”反向重构。科学传播具有政治学维度。 相似文献
10.
Pernilla Gripenberg Ingjerd Skogseid Francesco Botto Andrea Silli Virpi Kristiina Tuunainen 《The Information Society》2004,20(1):3-14
This article compares four European information and communication technologies (ICT) development projects spawned by national and EU initiatives to create the “European information society.” These projects, which sought to support learning and better use of ICT, were all the result of opportunities opened up by political initiatives. The analysis indicates that the main problems that afflict these projects stem from varied expectations and interests of the major actors. These problems can be mitigated considerably if a feeling of ownership is generated among the participants. This sense of belonging, however, is difficult to foster in a “top-down” project. Hence there is a need for a better balance between the “top-down” and “bottom-up” influences in the development of such projects. 相似文献
11.
Thorsten Busch 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(4):339-353
This conceptual article discusses strategies of corporations in the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector and their role in the conflict over access to knowledge in the digital environment. Its main hypothesis is that ICT corporations are very capable actors when it comes to bridging digital divides in both developed and developing countries??maybe even the most capable actors. Therefore, it is argued that ICT corporations could use their capabilities to help citizens gain sustainable access to knowledge in order to enable them to lead self-sufficient lives. In a nutshell, capabilities are presented as both the input (capabilities of ICT corporations) as well as the output (capability building for empowering citizens) of corporate strategy-making focusing on fair ICT. Corporate citizenship is put forth as the theoretical concept bridging corporate strategies and access to knowledge: If ICT corporations act in accordance with their self-understanding of being ??good corporate citizens??, they could be crucial partners in lessening digital divides and helping citizens gain access to knowledge. From the perspective of ??integrative economic ethics?? (Ulrich 2008), it is argued that ICT corporations have good reason to actively empower citizens in both developed and developing countries by pursuing ??inclusive?? strategies in many fields, such as open-source software development. That way, ICT corporations could enable, support and provide citizens with capabilities enabling them to help themselves. In order to make inclusive business models work, the rules and regulations companies find themselves in today must enable them to act responsibly without getting penalized by more ruthless competitors. This article explores several cases from the ICT field to illustrate the interplay between a responsible business model and the rules and regulations of the industry. From a capabilities perspective, the most desirable mix of corporate strategies and industry regulation is one that results in the highest level of generativity (Zittrain 2008). Thus, ICT should not be closed systems only driven by the company behind them. Instead, they need to be open for the highest possible level of third-party innovation. 相似文献
12.
Changjun Lee Dieter Franz Kogler Daeho Lee 《Information processing & management》2019,56(4):1576-1591
In addressing persistent gaps in existing theories, recent advances in data-driven research approaches offer novel perspectives and exciting insights across a spectrum of scientific fields concerned with technological change and the socio-economic impact thereof. The present investigation suggests a novel approach to identify and analyze the evolution of technology sectors, in this case, information and communications technology (ICT), considering international collaboration patterns and knowledge flows and spillovers via information inputs derived from patent documents.The objective is to utilize and explore information regarding inventors’ geo-location, technology sector classifications, and patent citation records to construct various types of networks. This, in turn, will open up avenues to discover the nature of evolutionary pathways in ICT trajectories and will also provide evidence of how the overall ICT knowledge space, as well as directional knowledge flows within the ICT space, have evolved differently. It is expected that this data-driven inquiry will deliver intuitive results for decision makers seeking evidence for future resource allocation and who are interested in identifying well-suited collaborators for the development of potential next-generation technologies. Further, it will equip researchers in technology management, economic geography, or similar fields with a systematic approach to analyze evolutionary pathways of technological advancements and further enable exploitation and development of new theories regarding technological change and its socio-economic consequences. 相似文献
13.
Pernilla Gripenberg Ingjerd Skogseid Francesco Botto Andrea Silli Virpi Kristiina Tuunainen 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):3-14
This article compares four European information and communication technologies (ICT) development projects spawned by national and EU initiatives to create the “European information society.” These projects, which sought to support learning and better use of ICT, were all the result of opportunities opened up by political initiatives. The analysis indicates that the main problems that afflict these projects stem from varied expectations and interests of the major actors. These problems can be mitigated considerably if a feeling of ownership is generated among the participants. This sense of belonging, however, is difficult to foster in a “top-down” project. Hence there is a need for a better balance between the “top-down” and “bottom-up” influences in the development of such projects. 相似文献
14.
依据产业演化观点,将新能源汽车视为是在原有交通运输体系中出现的利基,探究社会技术体系的转变和产业政策的保护性作用对新能源汽车利基演化的影响。研究结果表明,在利基层次上,存在着新能源汽车技术利基向市场利基的演化过程,且技术利基宽度与市场利基宽度显著正相关。在社会技术体系层次上,一方面产业政策所形成的保护性空间有助于新能源汽车技术转化,另一方面反映社会技术转变的因素对新能源汽车利基的形成具有显著影响,其中新能源汽车产销比和废气治理投入与市场利基的形成负相关,而燃油价格、消费者购买力和基础设施建设水平与市场利基的形成正相关。据此提出根据产业演化阶段和层次设计产业政策的思路和方案。 相似文献
15.
16.
Matthew P. Butcher 《Ethics and Information Technology》2009,11(1):57-69
Is there such a thing as information justice? In this paper, I argue that the current state of the information economy, particularly as it regards information and computing technology (ICT), is unjust, conferring power disproportionately on the information-wealthy at great expense to the information-poor. As ICT becomes the primary method for accessing and manipulating information, it ought to be treated as a foundational layer of the information economy. I argue that by maximizing the liberties (freedom to use, freedom to distribute, freedom to modify, and so on) associated with certain computer software, an incentives-rich and stable environment can be established in ICT that will foster development of the information economy among the information poor. I suggest that the now-mature Free and Open Source Software paradigm, which has already produced widely-used enterprise-class applications, can be harnessed in support of these ends. 相似文献
17.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):207-217
Kevin Scally has particular interests in the global regime of intellectual property monopolies and their consequences for business, particularly entrepreneurial, small business and startups. His research explores themes and provides data that support and guide policy makers in the areas of innovation and entrepreneurship. The focus of his research is on small business, university technology transfer and individual entrepreneurs. 相似文献
18.
Information and Communication Technology Challenges to Scientific Professional Identity 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Increasingly, information and communication technology (ICT) uses are transforming professional activities and interactions in ways that challenge traditional assumptions about professional identity. In this article, we consider the ways in which the professional identities of research scientists in oceanography and marine biology are shaped by the use of ICTs. We draw empirical data from an ongoing study of scientific research collaborations that examines uses of basic communication technologies, as well as scientific technologies with embedded ICT components. Our analysis suggests that development and use of ICT-enabled scientific technologies are identity enhancing for many scientists, facilitating their development of unique areas of scientific knowledge. ICT-related changes in data collection, collaborative coordination, and scientific interaction also challenge traditional definitions of expertise and professional identity. An examination of these challenges directs attention to the project identities that form around ICT-enabled scientific technologies and the ways that those project identities are enacted through ICTs. 相似文献
19.
《Research Policy》2019,48(8):103773
The emergence of novel and powerful digital technologies, digital platforms and digital infrastructures has transformed innovation and entrepreneurship in significant ways. Beyond simply opening new opportunities for innovators and entrepreneurs, digital technologies have broader implications for value creation and value capture. Research aimed at understanding the digital transformation of the economy needs to incorporate multiple and cross-levels of analysis, embrace ideas and concepts from multiple fields/disciplines, and explicitly acknowledge the role of digital technologies in transforming organizations and social relationships. To help realize this research agenda, we identify three key themes related to digitization—openness, affordances, and generativity—and, outline broad research issues relating to each. We suggest that such themes that are innate to digital technologies could serve as a common conceptual platform that allows for connections between issues at different levels as well as the integration of ideas from different disciplines/areas. We then summarize the contributions of the 11 papers presented in this Special Issue relating them to one or more of these themes and outlining their implications for future research. 相似文献
20.
随着我国数字经济不断发展,新型消费持续推进,企业不断采用数字技术提升自身能力以塑造市场,如何利用技术与模式创新完成新市场构建成为企业未来发展关键,但以往有关市场研究对数字化情境下市场塑造能力的构成、影响市场形成过程的机制等缺乏深入探讨。本文通过对纯米科技的单案例研究,运用扎根理论方法归纳出了数字技术、市场塑造能力和新市场构建的构念维度和主要特征,建立起数字技术驱动市场塑造能力进而构建新消费市场的理论框架。研究发现,案例企业运用数字技术,以“发现—触发—调动”的流程来展开五种市场塑造能力:发现价值潜力、设计新交易、配置新网络、形成新制度和调动资源,并以提高市场价值创造的方式将各利益相关方的资源联系起来,从而推动了新消费市场的构建。研究结论为企业树立新型市场观、打造和提升市场塑造能力提供了实践启示。 相似文献