共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
选用祁连地区托勒、野牛沟和祁连3个气象观测站1961～2016年逐日气温(最高、最低、平均)资料,采用WMO推荐的极端气候指标定义计算了8种极端气温指数,并分析其主要气候特征。结果表明:祁连地区极端最高气温、最低气温、暖夜日数和暖昼日数呈上升趋势,霜冻日数、结冰日数、冷夜日数和冷昼日数呈下降趋势。除最高气温和冷夜日数没有检测到突变点外,最低气温在1995年发生突变,霜冻和结冰日数分别在1990年和2000年发生突变,暖夜和暖昼日数分别在1994年和1998年发生突变,冷昼日数从1997年发生突变。在近56a的时间尺度上各极端气温指数均存在多个较明显的周期。祁连地区极端气温指数与年平均气温具有很高的相关性,即极端气温对气候变暖具有很好的响应。各极端气温指数均存在明显的Hurst现象,即其未来总体变化趋势将与过去变化趋势保持一致。 相似文献
2.
1963-2012年青藏高原东缘极端气温变化特征及趋势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1963-2012年青藏高原东缘23个站点逐日最高气温、最低气温及日平均气温资料,选取11个极端气温指数,采用线性倾向估计、曼-肯德尔（Mann-Kendall）突变检验及小波分析法对该区域近50a极端气温的时空变化趋势进行分析,结果发现：①年内日最高气温、年内日最低气温、夏日日数、暖昼日数、暖夜日数及生物生长季的变化均为上升趋势,结冰日数、霜冻日数、冷昼日数、冷夜日数及气温日较差的变化均为下降趋势;②三个区域的极端气温指数空间差异明显,且极端高低温、冷暖指数及昼夜指数的变化趋势呈现一定的不对称性;③各个极端气温指数在不同的年份发生了突变,且存在13a左右的震荡周期。 相似文献
3.
基于云南省1960-2011年最低气温和最高气温的日数据,选取了31个气象站点,依据世界气象组织（WMO）确定的“气候变化检测和指标”,从中选取8个极端气温指数,采用反距离加权插值法、Mann-Kendall突变检验法、周期方差分析外推法、叠加趋势模型,来研究云南省极端气温事件的时空变化特征、突变检验、周期变化及对未来一个周期内变化趋势的预测。结果表明：冷昼日数、冷夜日数、冷持续日数、霜冻日数均表现为下降的变化趋势,暖昼日数、暖夜日数、暖持续日数、夏季日数均表现为上升的变化趋势,各指数空间分布各异,总体上表明云南省极端气温事件呈上升趋势。各指数发生突变的时间和周期不同,预测结果呈波动变化且与原趋势一致。 相似文献
4.
贵州省极端气温时空变化特征分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
随着全球变暖趋势加剧,西南地区极端天气事件频发,对国民经济发展和生态环境保护构成了严重威胁。利用1960—2016年33个气象站点的逐日气温数据集,采用线性趋势、滑动平均、空间插值、M-K突变检验等方法,对贵州极端气温时空变化特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明：贵州极端气温暖系列指数呈上升趋势,夏日日数、暖日日数、热持续指数、热持续发生次数的年际变化倾向率分别为：0.6d/10a、2.7d/10a、0.02d/10a、0.2次/10a;冷系列指数呈下降趋势,霜冻日数、冷夜日数、冷持续指数、冷持续发生次数的年际变化倾向率分别为-1.6d/10a、-8.0d/10a、-0.5d/10a、-1.0次/10a,进入21世纪后升温速度加快。极端气温表现出非对称性现象,冷系列极端气温指数变化幅度大于暖系列指数,其中暖日日数升幅最大,冷夜日数降幅最大,且与海拔关系密切。多数极端气温指数突变发生在19世纪末到21世纪初。厄尔尼诺对暖系列指数影响较大;拉尼娜对冷系列指数影响较大,在次年其影响程度达到最高水平。 相似文献
5.
1958-2013年豫南地区极端气温变化特征及周期分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对豫南地区每日气温资料的搜集和整理,运用线性倾向估计法、Mann-Kendall突变检验法、Morlet复数小波等方法对WMO发布的10种极端气温指数随时间的变化趋势、突变年份及周期性进行了分析与研究。结果表明,1958-2013年豫南地区的极端最高气温缓慢下降,极端最低气温呈显著上升趋势,夏季日数、热夜日数、暖昼日数、暖夜日数呈现波动上升,冰冻日数、霜冻日数、冷昼日数、冷夜日数呈下降趋势。极端最高（低）气温、冰冻日数、霜冻日数、夏季日数、热夜日数、冷昼日数、冷夜日数、暖昼日数、暖夜日数都存在30a左右的周期。其中极端最低气温、冰冻日数、冷昼日数、冷夜日数、暖昼日数都存在5a及以下的周期。总体来说,1958-2013年,豫南地区极端天气热指数呈上升趋势,极端天气冷指数呈下降趋势。 相似文献
6.
1961-2013年东北三省极端气候事件时空格局及变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东北三省是中国重要的商品粮基地。本文基于东北三省1961-2013年71个台站逐日气温、降水资料,选取了“欧洲地区极端事件统计和区域动力降尺度”（STARDEX）项目提出的57个极端指数中的8个核心指数,分析和揭示东北三省极端气候事件的空间格局及变化,研究结果可为降低东北三省自然灾害对农业生产的影响,以及制定应对气候风险的策略提供依据。研究结果表明：①年和四季的高温阈值、低温阈值与最长热浪天数均随时间呈现波动上升趋势,年和春、秋、冬季的霜冻日数随年际表现为下降趋势;②东北三省西南地区易发生极端高温事件,北部易发生极端低温事件。同时北部亦是年和春、秋霜冻日数的高值分布区,且高温热浪的天数相对较长（高温热浪的季节）;③年和秋季强降水阈值随时间呈现波动下降趋势,而春、夏和冬季强降水阈值呈现波动上升趋势;年和春、夏、冬季强降水比例和强降水日数亦随年际呈现波动上升趋势,秋季强降水比例和强降水日数则表现为下降趋势;年和春、秋、冬季的持续干期呈现下降趋势,夏季呈现上升趋势;④东南部是极端降水事件的高发区,夏季与春季、秋季为极端降水事件易发的季节,极端事件增多,且向西部蔓延。年与四季的持续干期的分布均呈现西长东短的特点。 相似文献
7.
青海省2004年4～5月气温变化的诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用1961～2004年气象资料，分析了全省气温变化的特征和规律。结果表明，2004年4月气温正常略偏高，降水日数偏少．晴天多，日照充足，人们感觉不到“冷”。而5月偏冷的原因其一是雨(雪)天气过程后，西伯利亚南下的冷空气不断进入青海：其二是大部分台站降水日数和降水量明显偏多、晴天日数少、日照不足；其三是雨(雪)天气过程后．高山和高海拔地区形成了短时积雪，普遍出现了霜冻：其四是近几年5月的气温由偏高阶段转入偏低阶段。2004年5月平均气温、极端最高气温、极端最低气温均比2003年同期偏低，但从40多年来温度的变化看．除个别地区极端最低气温出现异常外，今年5月的气温波动仍属正常。 相似文献
8.
1961-2013年山西省极端气候事件时空演变特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国气象局整编的山西18个台站1961-2013年的逐日气温、降水数据,采用极端事件定义方法和Mann-kendall突变检验等方法,计算与植被生长的水热条件与寒旱灾害直接相关的极端气候事件指数,分析1961-2013年山西省极端温度和降水气候事件的时空演变特征。结果表明,研究区极端温度事件的发生频率与持续时间在前30年呈平稳态势,20世纪90年代后变化迅速。表征极端低温事件的霜日日数(FD0)、冷昼日数(TX10P)、冷夜日数(TN10P)、冷持续指数(CSDI) 等指数均呈现下降趋势,而表征极端高温事件的夏日指数(SU25)、作物生长期(GSL)、暖昼日数(TX90P)、暖夜日数(TN90P)、热持续指数(WSDI)则均呈上升趋势。极端降水指数除普通日降水强度(SDII)和持续干燥指数(CDD)外均呈下降趋势,表明该地降水总量略有减少,但降水强度和持续干燥指数却有所增加。与极端高温事件发生频率的加剧出现在90年代初不同,表征强降水事件发生频率和强度的极端降水指标的显著变化发生在70年代。在空间尺度上,与温度相关的极端气温指数呈现出由南向北递减的分布规律,冷、暖系列指数表明晋南地区最高,晋北地区最低。与降水量相关的极端降水指数也呈南高北低的规律,最近一个时段的强降水事件有所增加。 相似文献
9.
极端最高气温是日最高气温变化的上限.基于浙江省66个常规气象站的长序列气温观测资料,分析了浙江区域1973-2019年极端最高气温的时空演变特点,发现全省平均极端最高气温和最大极端最高气温均表现出明显的上升趋势,二者之间存在显著相关,前者在上世纪80年代末～90年代初发生了突变;在空间分布上,多年平均极端最高气温和最大极端最高气温大致呈现自内陆向沿海逐步递减的特征;浙江全省极端最高气温多出现在浙南的丽水市,但从上世纪90年代中后期开始出现在浙北地区(主要是杭州市、绍兴市和宁波市)的年份明显增多;2005年之前全省极端最高气温主要出现在浙西和浙中地区,之后出现在浙东地区的年份显著增多;极端最高气温最易出现在盛夏7～8月特别是7月下旬和8月上旬.在此基础上,进一步探讨了全省极端最高气温出现在浙北、浙中和浙南地区对应的大尺度环流特征以及ENSO不同位相与盛夏极端最高气温出现月份之间的关联,并对拓展研究区域、开展长三角和华东区域极端最高气温研究提出了展望. 相似文献
10.
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
13.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
15.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
17.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献