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大学衍生企业从母体大学、政府、产业合作伙伴、学者发明人等利益相关者所构成的创业支持网络中获取外部资源。基于全国"211工程"大学衍生企业的调研数据,系统探讨了大学衍生企业创业支持网络的构成要素及其有效性,即网络中不同节点的支持要素如何作用于企业的创业导向和绩效表现。结果表明,我国大学衍生企业的创业支持网络并没有形成有效的衔接机制,大学衍生企业的创业导向形成与绩效表现主要依赖于母体大学和政府主导的区域环境,而产业合作伙伴、学者发明人却没有显著的支持效应。同时,企业的治理结构调节了网络中各支持要素的有效性。 相似文献
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Although sources and determinants of academic entrepreneurship have begun to command the attention of policy-makers and researchers, there remain many unanswered questions about how individual and social factors shape the decisions of academics to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Using a large-scale panel of academics from a variety of UK universities from 2001 to 2009, this paper examines how an academics’ level of entrepreneurial capacity in terms of opportunity recognition capacity, and their prior entrepreneurial experience shape the likelihood of them being involved in starting up a new venture. In addition, we explore what role university Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) play in stimulating venture creation. The results show that individual-level attributes and experience are the most important predictors of academic entrepreneurship. We also find that the social environment surrounding the academic also plays an influential role, but its role is much less pronounced than individual-level factors. Finally, we show that the activities of the TTO play only a marginal, indirect role, in driving academics to start new ventures. We explore the implications of this analysis for policy and organizational design for academic entrepreneurship. 相似文献
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学术型企业家在大学衍生企业的创建与成长过程中扮演着重要角色。基于全国“211工程”大学衍生企业的调研数据,利用结构方程建模技术实证检验了在学术与产业两种不同环境的支持效应下学术型企业家的创业驱动机理,并探讨学术型企业家的创业行为如何作用于大学衍生企业的绩效表现。研究发现：学术型企业家的创业感知作为中介变量,影响了环境支持对于创业行为的促进模式,形成了“环境支持→创业感知→创业行为”的创业驱动机制,并且,学术型企业家的创业行为对大学衍生企业的绩效表现有显著的积极贡献。在这一过程中,学术环境支持要素与产业环境支持要素的支持方式有所差异。 相似文献
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随着我国政府、高校对创业教育资源投入的不断加大,高校创业教育内涵已不仅仅是创业态度、意识的培养,还包括企业运营、融资等各类与企业发展相关的知识技能培训。在创业教育内涵不断深化的背景下,本研究拟从正式和非正式创业教育两个维度出发,探索创业者接受的创业教育是否会对创业企业绩效产生影响,以及创业者的先前的创业经验是否会影响创业教育与创业企业绩效之间的关系,以期深化创业教育在创业过程中的角色地位。本研究首先从理论上梳理了创业教育、企业绩效和创业经验之间的关系,采用问卷方法对浙大科技园内大学生创业者进行数据采集,最后基于统计分析方法,对创始人接受的创业教育、创业经验和创业企业绩效之间的关系进行实证检验,并明确创业教育形式的差异是否对于创业企业绩效产生不一样的影响。结果表明,正式创业课程对创业企业绩效有显著的正向影响,非正式创业教育与创业企业绩效无显著关系。创业者先前的创业经验对创业教育和创业企业绩效之间的关系无显著调节作用。 相似文献
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The influence of the university department upon spin-off venture evolution is complex and dynamic. We examine how the university department context influences the spin-off process from the perspectives of both the spin-off venture and the department. By comparing the development of entrepreneurial competencies within spin-offs based in different departments at the same universities we observed significant differences in early venture performance. Small differences in initial departmental support from management and senior academics for gaining commercial experience and spending time exploring the commercial opportunity were seen to have a major impact upon the subsequent spin-off development path. Supported ventures gained momentum as the department helped develop entrepreneurial competencies and influenced how these competencies were developed from external actors outside the department. By contrast, a lack of departmental support for entrepreneurship severely constrained the evolution of spin-offs regardless of university level policies and practices. This emphasizes the need for a shift in focus from the well-studied university level to the relatively neglected department level to help explain institutional differences in university spin-off activity. 相似文献
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利用天津市2006年申请“科技型中小企业创新基金项目”的新企业数据,考察创业者先前工作经验与新企业绩效之间的关系。研究结论显示,新企业能否取得较好绩效的关键并不在于创业者有无先前工作经验,而是取决于拥有什么样的工作经验。首先,工作经验的性质,即工作经验与创业者在新企业中所承担工作的匹配性越高,新企业初期绩效越好,但工作经验与新企业所处行业的匹配性对绩效并无显著影响。第二,不同职能类型的工作经验对初期绩效有不同的影响,研发经验显著正向影响初期绩效,但市场营销、财务、一般管理和生产运营管理经验则无显著影响。最后,创业者工作经验的职能多样性有利于新企业绩效。 相似文献
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双元知识整合创业能力与高技术新企业绩效 《科学学研究》2017,35(2):264-271
基于知识基础理论和组织双元观,本文以转型经济情境为研究背景,深入揭示双元知识整合、创业能力与高技术新创企业绩效之间的关系。来自279家中国高技术新创企业实证分析结果表明：双元知识整合对高技术新创企业绩效和创业能力均具有积极影响。此外,创业能力在双元知识整合与高技术新创企业绩效间关系中具有完全中介作用。本研究有助于拓展和深化了知识基础理论,弥补现有研究空白并推动知识基础理论和创业能力理论的发展和融合。在实践方面,本研究为转型经济情境下高技术新创企业如何高效、灵活地整合创业知识以构建创业能力从而提升绩效提供重要的理论指导。 相似文献
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Building an innovation hub: A case study of the transformation of university roles in regional technological and economic development 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Universities have assumed an expanded role in science and technology-based economic development that has become of interest to catch-up regions as well as to leading innovation locales. This paper examines how the role of the university has evolved from performing conventional research and education functions to serving as an innovation-promoting knowledge hub though the case of Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). This case is discussed in the context of state efforts to shift the region from an agricultural to an industrial to an innovation-driven economy. Central to the transformation of Georgia Tech as a knowledge hub is the emergence of new institutional leadership, programs, organizational forms and boundary-spanning roles that meditate among academic, educational, entrepreneurial, venture capital, industrial, and public spheres. Comparisons between Georgia Tech's experiences and those of university roles in selected other catch-up regions in the southern United States highlight the importance to the case of networked approaches, capacity building, technology-based entrepreneurial development, and local innovation system leadership. Insights on the transformation of universities and the challenges of fostering a similar transformation in regional economies are offered. 相似文献
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国际创业型大学研究现状的知识图谱分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对创业型大学1990-2007年间的研究状况进行了科学计量分析并绘制其知识图谱。该图谱显示出此研究领域存在三大主流学术群体:群体1,其研究焦点为大学技术转让、大学专利管理;群体2,其关注焦点是"官、产、学"三螺旋间的相互关系;群体3,其研究聚集在创业教育、风险投资等方面。最后对创业型大学的未来进行了展望。 相似文献
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This paper investigates the development of university spinout companies (USOs). Employing a case-based research method, our study found that there are two important elements in their development. First, USOs go through a number of distinct phases of activity in their development. Each venture must pass through the previous phase in order to progress to the next one but each phase involves an iterative, non-linear process of development in which there may be a need to revisit some of the earlier decisions and activities. Second, at the interstices between the different phases of development we found that ventures face “critical junctures” in terms of the resources and capabilities they need to acquire to progress to the next phase. The different phases are critical as these ventures cannot develop into the next phase without overcoming each of the junctures. We identify four different critical junctures that spinout companies need to overcome if they are to succeed: opportunity recognition, entrepreneurial commitment, credibility and sustainability. 相似文献
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Despite the economic significance of patented university research, it is difficult to measure the economic value of academic patented inventions and observe the extent to which universities are able to capture such value through patent licensing. Moving beyond assessing commercialization performance by simple statistics, we propose a new approach to benchmarking university patents and commercialization performance based on comparative corporate patent value. Our procedure involves matching university patents to patents with similar patent characteristics granted to public corporations, then estimating the “potential value” of these university patents by stock market reactions to grants of the matched corporate patents. These estimated values of university patents can significantly explain the technology-level income from licensing by a leading US research university and the annual licensing income of the member universities of the Association of University Technology Managers’ (AUTM). We find that AUTM universities realize an average of 16% of the estimated value of matched corporate patents. We also investigate correlates of university‐level potential patent value and suggest avenues for future research. 相似文献
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This paper investigated how universities facilitate the process of spin-off venture formation based on academic research. Building on a capability perspective, we add to the literature on university characteristics and resources by exploring how the university context impacts the entrepreneurial process. We based our study on two mid-range universities and followed the start-up process of four spin-off ventures. Based on the results of our longitudinal study, we propose a set of three university capabilities that facilitate the venture-formation process: (1) creating new paths of action, (2) balancing both academic and commercial interests, and (3) integrating new resources. Each capability is particularly important for specific phases in the venturing process. Our findings suggest that these capabilities are dependent on prior spin-off experience and reside within several actors both inside and outside of the university. Furthermore, universities with weaknesses in the identified areas can take strategic action to develop these capabilities to some degree. 相似文献
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大学衍生企业作为科研成果商业化的主要途径,其成长性一直是国内外学术界研究的热点问题。本文基于角色认同视角,以203家中国大学衍生企业为研究样本,通过问卷调查并利用结构方程模型实证检验了学者创业角色、创业导向以及大学衍生企业创业绩效之间的关系,研究结果表明：（1）学者创业角色促进了衍生企业创业绩效的提升;（2）学者创业角色对创业导向产生了积极作用;（3）创业导向对学者创业角色与衍生企业创业绩效之间的关系具有部分中介作用。 相似文献
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企业创业导向与创业绩效之间关系的“黑箱问题”一直是创业管理学界关注的焦点问题之一。在对主要学术文献数据库中有关企业创业导向与创业绩效之间关系相关文献进行系统检索的基础上,利用Meta统计学方法进行了定量的综合分析。研究结果显示：企业创业导向与创业绩效之间存在显著的正向关系,并且创业结果导向较创业过程导向对创业绩效的影响更为显著,而企业创业导向对于创业绩效中客观绩效与主观绩效的影响不存在显著差异。此外,以创业者风险感知和创业者风险倾向为调节变量的研究发现,创业者风险感知要比创业者风险倾向在企业创业导向与创业绩效之间起到更为显著的调节作用。 相似文献
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国际创业作为企业国际化战略的重要组成部分,会对企业创新绩效产生深远影响。本研究以6家国际创业企业为研究样本,采用多案例研究方法,对国际创业提升创新绩效的过程进行探索性研究。研究发现：市场空间、企业愿景、挖掘与利用机会是国际创业提升创新绩效的基础;社会认证、制度环境、国际标准、风险投资等中介条件通过权益或非权益国际创业模式为企业行动策略提供重要支持;国际化学习、开放合作、示范运营、技术驱动等行动策略的实施基于中介条件发挥作用,是提升企业创新绩效的关键因素;行动策略既是促进国际知识更新的因素,也是提升企业国际知识储备的途径,国际知识的增长是国际创业模式动态演变的主要原因。研究结论不仅厘清了国际创业提升企业创新绩效过程的内在机制,而且明确了企业融入全球创新创业浪潮的基本路径。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(1):104662
This study examines the impact of public subsidies, and specifically, Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) awards on university spinoff companies. Using unique data for a population of University of California spinoffs, we find pronounced differences between companies commercializing digital technologies (software and hardware), and those that focus on other product spaces. For digital spinoffs, receiving an SBIR award has a negative impact on raising venture capital and no impact on IPOs, exits or first sales. Conversely, for non-digital firms (e.g., biotechnology, energy), receiving an SBIR award has a positive effect on raising venture capital and performance outcomes. We reason that digital technologies are subject to faster cycle times and higher market uncertainty, relative to technological uncertainty. Digital firms may therefore benefit less from subsidies designed to support technology development, and private investors may view the need of digital companies to obtain such subsidies as a negative certification. Our findings inform policy by suggesting that the industrial domain may be an important boundary condition for the effectiveness of SBIR-type subsidies for university spinoffs. 相似文献
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This article develops a general framework to describe the changes in university IPR regulations in Europe and their effects on the patenting activities of universities and on knowledge transfer processes. Understanding the effects of changes in IPR regulations on academic patenting is a complex issue, and parallels with the US case can be misleading. First, despite the general trend towards institutional ownership, university IPR regulations in Europe remain extremely differentiated and there is no one-to-one mapping to the US system. Second, it is difficult to disentangle the quantitative and qualitative effects of changes in IPR ownership regulations on academic patenting activities from the effects of concurrent transformations in the institutional, cultural and organizational landscape surrounding academic knowledge transfer. The article proposes a review and typological classification of national university IPR ownership systems on the basis of their development since 2000, and uses it to analyze the aggregate dynamics of academic patent ownership in several European countries. The analysis of patterns of ownership of academic patents shows that there has been a general increase in university patenting since 1990, with a significant slowdown (and even reduction in some countries) after early 2000s accompanied by a switch in academic patents ownership in favor of university ownership though preserving the European specificity of high company ownership of academic invented patents. 相似文献