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从过于强调区域内外大公司的作用转向重视新创企业的力量,是促进产业集群升级的新思路和新途径。通过将创业和创新搜寻理论引入产业集群研究,本文实证检验了外部创新搜寻战略对新创集群企业产品创新绩效的影响。研究发现,新创集群企业在创新活动中采取本地搜寻宽度、本地搜寻深度、全球搜寻宽度和全球搜寻深度四种不同的外部创新搜寻战略,不同的搜寻战略对新创集群企业的产品创新绩效产生了不同影响,全球搜寻宽度战略具有促进作用,本地搜寻深度战略呈现倒U型的复杂影响,本地搜寻宽度战略和全球搜寻深度战略则都没有影响。论文最后简要讨论和总结了相关的理论贡献和实践启示。 相似文献
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大学衍生企业从母体大学、政府、产业合作伙伴、学者发明人等利益相关者所构成的创业支持网络中获取外部资源。基于全国"211工程"大学衍生企业的调研数据,系统探讨了大学衍生企业创业支持网络的构成要素及其有效性,即网络中不同节点的支持要素如何作用于企业的创业导向和绩效表现。结果表明,我国大学衍生企业的创业支持网络并没有形成有效的衔接机制,大学衍生企业的创业导向形成与绩效表现主要依赖于母体大学和政府主导的区域环境,而产业合作伙伴、学者发明人却没有显著的支持效应。同时,企业的治理结构调节了网络中各支持要素的有效性。 相似文献
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学术型企业家在大学衍生企业的创建与成长过程中扮演着重要角色。基于全国“211工程”大学衍生企业的调研数据,利用结构方程建模技术实证检验了在学术与产业两种不同环境的支持效应下学术型企业家的创业驱动机理,并探讨学术型企业家的创业行为如何作用于大学衍生企业的绩效表现。研究发现：学术型企业家的创业感知作为中介变量,影响了环境支持对于创业行为的促进模式,形成了“环境支持→创业感知→创业行为”的创业驱动机制,并且,学术型企业家的创业行为对大学衍生企业的绩效表现有显著的积极贡献。在这一过程中,学术环境支持要素与产业环境支持要素的支持方式有所差异。 相似文献
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Rob Frieden 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):234-247
Governments throughout the world have determined that next generation network (NGN) development serves the national interest. The strategies used to achieve progress vary greatly, as does the extent to which governments perceive the need to get actively involved through direct ownership or subsidization of carriers. No government has unlimited funds to invest in new networks, or to subsidize private ventures promising to improve access to essential services at affordable rates. Accordingly, nations must determine whether and how to use limited taxpayer funds to expedite the access to inexpensive and ubiquitous wired and wireless broadband networks. Baseline factors such as geography, income, demographics, and market penetration of existing networks have a significant impact on what works best. However, nations with similar physical and economic characteristics have pursued significantly different strategies. This article identifies best practices in NGN development using both case studies and a review of the current literature assessing government strategies. While it cannot confirm a theoretical basis for achieving success in NGN development, the article provides a toolkit of confirmed best practices. 相似文献
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On the basis of a knowledge management perspective, this paper expands the literature on new ventures’ capabilities by considering how these firms fill knowledge gaps and develop the technological, marketing, management, and ICT capabilities they need to compete. In particular, this paper investigates the role of networks in these dynamics. Although new technology-based firms have great potential to introduce innovative products into the market, they might suffer from more critical knowledge gaps and capability weaknesses than established firms. The results of a quantitative investigation of an original data set of more than 400 Italian new ventures specializing in high-tech industries show that these firms acquire knowledge to support their capability growth mainly through the management of intense relations with multiple external sources of knowledge. In addition, capability development is supported by the variety of founders’ industry experience and the presence of young graduates among the founding team. 相似文献
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新创科技企业面临着环境不确定性和资源约束问题,难以有效推动产品创新。效果推理为不确定环境下的决策问题提供了新的思路,因此本研究将效果推理理论运用于新创科技企业的创新活动中,研究效果推理对新创科技企业创新的影响。基于对我国162家新创科技企业的调查研究发现：效果推理对创新速度有显著的正向影响,市场动态性与企业吸收能力均会增强该积极作用。效果推理与创新质量有显著的倒U型关系,市场动态性会增强这一关系,使得倒U型曲线变得更加陡峭;同时,当市场动态性与企业吸收能力都高时,效果推理对创新质量的积极作用最强。本研究区分了不同维度的创新绩效,探究了效果推理对创新的作用,对相关理论作出补充,同时也为新创科技企业创新提供实践借鉴。 相似文献
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对新兴经济技术转移的截断效应往往阻碍了通过合资方式完成的技术能力升级,而有些民营企业却能够成功升级,这正是我国汽车行业正在经历的一个现实。从近期我国一些民营汽车企业技术快速发展的现实入手,分析在国际化中奇瑞、比亚迪和吉利三个企业的技术获取和能力成长路径,以阐释企业如何克服截断效应,实现能力的快速积累与发展。分析显示:在不同的能力成长阶段,根据自身能力特点充分利用国际技术来源是企业技术成长的主要途径。带给企业的启示就是要具有创新欲望,在国际合作中保持主动权,并拥有国际化视野,实现国际化中的技术能力升级。 相似文献
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开放性有利于企业获取更多的创新机会,但开放式创新过程中也需要考虑独占性损失的风险,因为独占性对企业创新新颖性和效率等绩效存在重要的影响。本研究旨在剖析独占性机制和开放性对创新漏斗不同阶段的创新绩效的影响。整合企业跨界搜索理论与知识保护理论,基于332家广东省制造业企业的问卷调查数据,探讨开放性与独占性机制对创新漏斗不同阶段的创新绩效影响。研究发现：正式独占性机制的使用负向影响创新漏斗创意形成阶段的创新效率,半正式独占性机制的使用有利于提升创新漏斗创意形成阶段的创新效率,而非正式独占性机制则有助于创新漏斗创意形成和新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新新颖性的提升;另外,创新新颖性通过创新漏斗整个阶段的横向合作开放性来解释,尤其是与高校科研院所的合作,与竞争对手合作开放性对新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新新颖性积极正相关,而垂直合作开放性则对新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新效率具有正相关关系。 相似文献
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中国政府“以市场换技术”的政策收效甚微,反而使中方企业面临外商“合资-阴谋亏损-并购”的风险,外方“阴谋亏损”的一个重要手段就是技术控制。本文以2005-2007年间工业企业数据库为样本构建中外合资企业面板数据集,实证检验了外方技术控制、合资企业研发投入、合资企业技术创新能力以及合资企业被并购风险之间的关系。结果证明：外方可以通过技术控制阻碍合资企业技术创新能力的提升,从而使得合资企业被并购的风险增加;合资企业研发投入会促进其自身技术创新能力的提高,但同时也会使得其被外方并购的风险上升;合资企业技术创新能力的削弱会显著增加合资企业被并购的风险。研究结果对国家外资政策的制定以及企业引进外资的实践具有积极的指导意义。 相似文献
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中国政府“以市场换技术”的政策收效甚微，反而使中方企业面临外商“合资-阴谋亏损-并购”的风险，外方“阴谋亏损”的一个重要手段就是技术控制。本文以2005-2007年间工业企业数据库为样本构建中外合资企业面板数据集，实证检验了外方技术控制、合资企业研发投入、合资企业技术创新能力以及合资企业被并购风险之间的关系。结果证明：外方可以通过技术控制阻碍合资企业技术创新能力的提升，从而使得合资企业被并购的风险增加；合资企业研发投入会促进其自身技术创新能力的提高，但同时也会使得其被外方并购的风险上升；合资企业技术创新能力的削弱会显著增加合资企业被并购的风险。研究结果对国家外资政策的制定以及企业引进外资的实践具有积极的指导意义。 相似文献
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角色冲突对平台依附型新创企业绩效的影响 《科学学研究》2022,40(11):2045-2054
平台主导者的网络效应和赢者通吃效应致使平台依附型创业者在平台演化过程中不断面临角色冲突,创业者角色冲突势必影响到平台依附型新创企业绩效。平台依附型新创企业需要基于知识的关键能力实现以更少的资源做更多的事情,减轻数字平台演化造成的不利影响。基于308份调研问卷,运用SPSS25.0和Mplus8.0软件,本文探索创业者角色冲突对平台依附型新创企业绩效的影响,并探索基于知识的关键能力的调节效应。结果表明,创业者角色冲突和新创企业绩效之间的关系呈负相关关系;吸收能力正向调节创业者角色冲突和新创企业绩效之间的负相关关系;独占能力正向调节创业者角色冲突和新创企业绩效之间的负相关关系;管理能力正向调节创业者角色冲突和新创企业绩效之间的负相关关系。新创企业的企业年龄对新创企业创新绩效的有积极的正向影响。该研究结论可为平台依附型新创企业健康成长提供理论指导。 相似文献
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创业是企业发展的一种重要战略，以获取新技术、实现新业务创建为目的的创业导向并购逐渐成为了新创企业主要的战略实施方式。鉴于新创企业的发展具有技术依赖性，且董事会的构成较为特别，本文选取了2012年12月31日前在中国创业板上市的公司为研究对象，采集了截止到2015年12月的并购数据，通过回归分析，实证检验了不同技术轨道下新创企业董事会中创始人开放性和机构投资者参与对企业创业导向战略决策的影响。结果表明：在新创企业中，创始人开放性和机构投资者参与均能显著正向影响企业创业导向战略决策，且二者之间具有互补效应。进一步发现，企业所处的技术轨道不同，以上作用效果不同。在供应商主导和规模密集型企业中，创始人开放性与机构投资者参与的交互作用不显著；在信息密集型和专业化供应商企业中，创始人开放性与机构投资者参与具有显著的互补效应；在基于科学的企业中，机构投资者参与对企业的创业导向战略决策具有负向的影响。 相似文献
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This paper presents a new methodology for valuing new drug applications (NDA) and the R&D of pharmaceutical companies based on real option models. Traditional valuation models fail to capture the full value created by R&D to pharmaceutical companies, because they do not correctly model the nature of the process of developing a new drug. It is a series of consecutive phases from R&D to commercialisation, where each phase is in fact an option on executing the following phase, i.e. a compound option. For a NDA, the R&D phase can best be presented as a 6-fold compound option on the commercialisation phase. Using a generalisation of Geske’s compound option model, we derive a closed-form solution for a n-fold compound option model, and apply it to calculate the value of a NDA using sector average figures. 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):151-167
Cross‐sector collaborations to perform R&D are on the increase, but they do involve various risks for each of the partners. Project risks in such ventures are explored through a case study, a successful collaboration involving an Australian Cooperative Research Centre and Ciba Vision, a division of the Swiss multi‐national Novartis. The analysis examines the project's success factors and its risks. The reputation of researchers, the development of mutual trust among the partners, and the importance of credible commitments made at project initiation are three key factors contributing to the success of commercially focused R&D collaborations. 相似文献
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改革开放以来,我国成人高等教育发展战略研究主要经历了四个阶段,每个阶段研究的成果和重点领域均不尽相同,都是在不断进步和发展。随着高等教育改革的不断深入和发展,未来成人教育发展的战略目标、战略内容和结构研究将进一步深入,我国成人教育发展战略研究的未来发展趋势将涉及到更多领域。 相似文献
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以488家上市公司作为样本研究高管持股影响下企业技术创新的就业效应,实证结果表明:当前中国企业技术创新对就业效应的影响是非线性的,并根据高管持股比例的变化表现出区间效应。不同行业、性质的企业技术创新的就业效应存在差异。其中,国有制造企业技术创新的就业效应表现为破坏效应,随着高管持股比例的增加破坏效应逐渐减弱,其他企业技术创新的就业效应随着高管持股比例的增加表现为先创造后破坏;股权集中度的提升能够提高国有企业的就业水平,却对民营企业的就业产生破坏;股权制衡度对国有企业特别是国有制造企业就业的影响是显著的,但是对民营企业的影响并不显著;两权分离度的提高对国有制造企业的就业产生破坏效应,而在民营制造企业则表现出创造效应。 相似文献
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伴随企业组织间的跨界融合创新,大量新物种不断涌现并快速崛起,如移动视频直播在不足两年的时间里已成为人们消化碎片化时间的重要娱乐方式,发展速度令人瞠目。本文旨在研究移动视频直播作为新生事物从出现到被市场、消费者广泛接受的过程中如何获得合法性,并探究其合法化过程与新物种的涌现机理。通过对花椒直播进行纵向案例研究,得出结论,新物种涌现的过程是一个合法化过程,新物种涌现阶段不同,其合法性获得的侧重点亦有所不同。据此,本文针对新物种涌现的合法化过程给出了相应的政策和建议。 相似文献
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While it is well-known that cross-cultural conflict management is a common problem in multinational joint ventures. The cooperation parties come from different countries and regions, and their social, political and legal systems and cultural backgrounds are different, which leads to the differences in business philosophy, decision-making thinking preferences and management communication modes. The conflict of managerial values caused by cultural differences will inevitably affect the management concept and mode of joint ventures, which will permeate the whole process of enterprise management activities. Employees from different cultural backgrounds may have different acceptance of the rules and regulations of the joint venture or different understanding of the work tasks, which may cause employees′ uncertainty or anxiety and ultimately affect their work innovation behavior and enterprise performance.
However, a fact that can not be ignored is that managers of joint ventures do not know much about cultural differences, the impact of communication modes and how to influence employees′ work innovative behavior. Managers need to manage cultural conflicts and differences between the two countries and even more countries in order to maximize cultural integration and enhance working enthusiasm and creativity of employees. So, this study attempts to reveal the deep-seated impact mechanism of cultural differences between parent company and subsidiary companies and management communication modes on employees′ work innovative behavior. And we also hope to explore the optimal communication mode in cross-cultural conflict management of joint ventures, so as to provide experience for cross-cultural conflict management of joint ventures.
This paper took 211 employees of 12 automobile joint ventures as the research object. Cultural differences perceived by employees were viewed as the independent variable, and communication modes between managers and subordinates were regarded as both independent variables and moderating variables. The theory of anxiety/uncertainty management was adopted to analyze the effect and mechanism of employees′ perceptions of cultural differences on their work innovative behavior. The theory and techniques of Transactional Analysis were used to classify the communication modes between managers and subordinates. The hierarchical regression method was conducted to analyze the samples and compare the impact of different communication modes on employees′ innovative behavior.
Through empirical research, this study mainly draws the following conclusions: (1) Joint venture employees′ perceptions of cultural differences between parent and subsidiary companies affects their innovative behavior. The more cultural differences perceived by employees between parent and subsidiary companies, the more difficult it is for employees to understand the rules and regulations and normative requirements of joint ventures, thus enhancing the risk defense mechanism of employees and curbing their creative and innovative motivation in the process of work. (2) Manager-employee value conflict caused by cultural differences runs through the communication modes between managers and employees, thus affecting the innovative behavior of employees. The three dimensions of communication mode (complementary transactions, crossed transactions and covert ulterior) affect the direction and intensity of employees′ innovative behavior differently. Among them, complementary transactions positively affects employees′ innovative behavior, while crossed transactions and covert ulterior negatively affect employees′ innovative behavior. (3) Different communication modes adopted by manager-employee in the process of communication can moderate the impact of cultural differences perceived by employees on their innovative behavior. Among them, complementary transactions can weaken the negative relationship between employees′ perceptions of cultural differences and their innovative behavior, while covert ulterior strengthens the negative relationship between employees′ perceptions of cultural differences and their innovative behavior, while crossed transactions has no obvious moderating effect.
The theoretical contributions of this study are mainly embodied in the following aspects. Firstly, this study confirms the impact of employees′ perceptions of cultural differences and communication modes between managers and employees on employees′ innovative behavior. Different communication modes between managers and employees will not only directly affect employees′ innovative behavior, but also moderate the relationship between employees′ perceptions of cultural differences and their innovative behavior. Secondly, this study reveals the complex mechanism of the relationship between employees′ perceptions of cultural differences and their innovative behavior, and identifies the important moderating role of different communication modes. Thirdly, this study enriches the application fields of the anxiety/uncertainty theory, and expands the research fields of the theory and techniques of Transactional Analysis.
The results of this study have important reference significance for the management practice of joint ventures. Based on the results of this study, the employees′ perceptions of cultural differences are important factors to affect employees′ innovative behavior. Therefore, we put forward the following management suggestions for joint ventures. Firstly, it is suggested that joint ventures should attach great importance to alleviating the uncertainty and anxiety caused by employees′ perceptions of cultural differences, strive to create a safe and harmonious working environment for employees, so as to stimulate their innovative potential and improve their work enthusiasm and creativity. Secondly, joint ventures should popularize the theory of Transactional Analysis and the techniques of Interpersonal Communication Interaction Analysis in the process of human resources training. In addition, managers and employees of joint ventures should choose appropriate communication modes. When communicating, both managers and employees should give priority to complementary transactions, avoiding the use of crossed transactions and covert ulterior.
However, this study still has the following limitations: (1) This study took the employees of automobile joint ventures in China as research object. The representativeness of the samples needs to be improved. The universality of the research conclusions needs to be confirmed further. (2) There are some inconsistencies between self-evaluation and supervisor-evaluation of employees′ innovative behavior. The supervisor-evaluation data did not verify all the theoretical hypotheses. (3) The richness of the models needs to be strengthened. This study used the theory of anxiety/uncertainty management to explain the main effect of perceptions of cultural differences on employee innovative behavior, and tested the moderating effect of communication modes, but did not explore and test the mediating effect of the relationship between perceptions of cultural differences and employee innovative behavior. We will further explore the mediating variables and effects in the future study. 相似文献