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This essay examines some ethical aspects of stalkingincidents in cyberspace. Particular attention is focused on the Amy Boyer/Liam Youens case of cyberstalking, which has raised a number of controversial ethical questions. We limit our analysis to three issues involving this particular case. First, we suggest that the privacy of stalking victims is threatened because of the unrestricted access to on-linepersonal information, including on-line public records, currently available to stalkers. Second, we consider issues involving moral responsibility and legal liability for Internet service providers (ISPs) when stalking crimesoccur in their `space' on the Internet. Finally, we examine issues of moral responsibility for ordinary Internet users to determine whether they are obligated to inform persons whom they discover to be the targets of cyberstalkers. 相似文献
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生命伦理学研究的最近进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
邱仁宗 《科学对社会的影响》2011,1(2):72-99
本文对近年来新兴生物医学技术伦理学研究进行了综述,报告了干细胞研究、人一动物混合胚胎研究、干细胞研究的临床转化、生物信息库、神经科学、合成生物学和汇聚技术中的伦理问题研究的最近进展。这些新兴生物医学技术伦理学研究,包括“我们应该做什么”的实质伦理学研究,以及“我们应该怎样做”的程序伦理学研究。本文也报告了人们在探讨这些伦理问题的基础上,对这些新兴生物医学技术的政策和管理提出的种种建议。 相似文献
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合成生物学的伦理争论:根源维度与走向 《科学学研究》2022,40(4):577-585
合成生物学对生命现象的探讨从认知转向合成,研究对象从自然生命转向合成生命,由此引发大量伦理问题与争论。目前学术界对此的探讨涉及多个维度,但对不同维度特点与关系,以及各维度争论与合成生物学发展阶段内在关联的讨论相对薄弱。本文梳理合成生物学的伦理争论,归纳得出伦理争议发生的五个主要维度及其特点,具体包括：制造生命有机体的正当性问题,技术发展对宗教文化的挑战,生物安全性的伦理问题,利益风险分配的公平问题,行动自由与伦理监管的冲突。同时本文从合成生物学发展阶段出发,分析不同维度的伦理争论渐次展开并相互影响的内在逻辑。本文的探讨有助于厘清合成生物学伦理研究的混乱状态,深化理解合成生物学伦理争论中不同伦理立场的核心主张及其根据,进而明晰合成生物学伦理治理要解决的关键问题。 相似文献
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人工智能在深刻影响人类社会生产生活方式的同时,也引发诸多伦理困境与挑战,建立新的科技伦理规范以推动人工智能更好服务人类,成为全社会共同关注的主题。本文从科技伦理的视角,围绕机器人、算法、大数据、无人驾驶等人工智能领域所出现的伦理主体、责任分担、技术安全、歧视与公平性、隐私与数据保护等问题,以及人工智能技术的伦理治理,对国内外相关研究成果进行回顾分析,并提出未来需要在中国情境下伦理原则与治理体系的建立、人工智能伦理研究的跨学科合作、理论分析与实践案例的融合、多元主体伦理角色分工与协作等方面进行进一步研究。 相似文献
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Anderson C Stackhouse R Shaw A Iredale R 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2011,20(2):146-162
While there has been research conducted on public views about ethical and social aspects of the National DNA Database (NDNAD), there is little which focuses on views of young people, in particular those whose details are held on the NDNAD. We describe an engagement activity developed in South Wales to engage young offenders with ethical and social issues surrounding the NDNAD--a Mock Trial--and how we facilitated the presentation of their views to policy makers. We discuss the successes and challenges we encountered with engaging young offenders, decisions that the young people reached about possible future policies for the NDNAD at the Mock Trial, and their contribution to the decision-making process. 相似文献
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David Wright 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(3):199-226
This paper proposes a framework for an ethical impact assessment which can be performed in regard to any policy, service,
project or programme involving information technology. The framework is structured on the four principles posited by Beauchamp
and Childress together with a separate section on privacy and data protection. The framework identifies key social values
and ethical issues, provides some brief explanatory contextual information which is then followed by a set of questions aimed
at the technology developer or policy-maker to facilitate consideration of ethical issues, in consultation with stakeholders,
which may arise in their undertaking. In addition, the framework includes a set of ethical tools and procedural practices
which can be employed as part of the ethical impact assessment. Although the framework has been developed within a European
context, it could be applied equally well beyond European borders. 相似文献
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现代信息技术的发展给人类带来巨大利益的同时,也影响着传统社会伦理问题.信息伦理就是在这样的背景下产生的.本文主要分析当前网络环境下常见的信息伦理问题,提出解决这些问题相应的对策,并展望信息伦理发展的诱人前景. 相似文献
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In this paper we discuss the social and ethical issues that arise as a result of digitization based on six dominant technologies: Internet of Things, robotics, biometrics, persuasive technology, virtual & augmented reality, and digital platforms. We highlight the many developments in the digitizing society that appear to be at odds with six recurring themes revealing from our analysis of the scientific literature on the dominant technologies: privacy, autonomy, security, human dignity, justice, and balance of power. This study shows that the new wave of digitization is putting pressure on these public values. In order to effectively shape the digital society in a socially and ethically responsible way, stakeholders need to have a clear understanding of what such issues might be. Supervision has been developed the most in the areas of privacy and data protection. For other ethical issues concerning digitization such as discrimination, autonomy, human dignity and unequal balance of power, the supervision is not as well organized. 相似文献
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In this study, a 20-item questionnaire was used to elicit undergraduates’ (N = 93) ethical judgment and behavioral intention regarding a number of behaviors involving computers and internet usage. Machiavellianism
was found to be uncorrelated with both ethical judgment and behavioral intention. Gender was found to be negatively correlated
with both ethical judgment and behavioral intention, such that females judged the behaviors as being less ethical than males,
and were less likely to engage in the behaviors than males. A disconnect was found between ethical judgment and behavioral
intention, for both males and females, such that the ethical judgment mean for a number of issues was significantly lower
(towards the “unethical” end of the continuum) than the behavioral intention mean (towards the “more likely to engage in”
end of the continuum). The study raises questions regarding ethical awareness of technology-related issues, and the authors
make suggestions for future research. 相似文献
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Philip A. E. Brey 《Ethics and Information Technology》2012,14(4):305-317
In this essay, a new approach to the ethics of emerging information technology will be presented, called anticipatory technology ethics (ATE). The ethics of emerging technology is the study of ethical issues at the R&D and introduction stage of technology development through anticipation of possible future devices, applications, and social consequences. In the essay, I will first locate emerging technology in the technology development cycle, after which I will consider ethical approaches to emerging technologies, as well as obstacles in developing such approaches. I will argue that any sound approach must centrally include futures studies of technology. I then present ATE and some applications of it to emerging information technologies. In ATE, ethical analysis is performed at three levels, the technology, artifact and application levels, and at each levels distinct types of ethical questions are asked. ATE analyses result in the identification and evaluation of a broad range of ethical issues that can be anticipated in relation to an emerging information technology. This ethical analysis can then be used for ethical recommendations for design or governance. 相似文献
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负责任创新(RRI)旨在科学和技术创新过程中社会行动者和创新者彼此负责,同时会考虑创新过程中的伦理问题及创新产品的可接受性、可持续性和社会需求。其内涵分为行政定义和学术定义。在预期、反思、协商、反应、可持续性、关怀这6种负责任创新框架的基础上引入无私利性,基于负责任创新这7种框架理念解析人工智能技术发展带来的安全、隐私、结果等三方面主要伦理问题,探讨嵌入RRI框架来解决人工智能(AI)在产生、应用和发展等过程中滋生的伦理问题的路径,使AI技术更好地造福人类社会。 相似文献
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本文全面、深刻、辩证地探讨了网络化时代信息伦理学研究的主要问题：网络隐私权、信息安全及通讯自由等关键性问题，并在此基础上提出了一些如强化职业道德教育等可操作性的解决方案。 相似文献
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Forbes GibbAuthor Vitae Clare ThornleyAuthor VitaeStuart FergusonAuthor Vitae John WeckertAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(3):244-251
This paper starts by outlining the technologies involved in RFIDs and reviews the issues raised by their general application. It then identifies their potential application areas within the library sector based on a generic process view of library activities. Finally it highlights the issues that are raised by their application in libraries and provides an assessment of which of these issues are likely to raise ethical concerns for library professionals. The purpose is to provide an overview of the technology within the context of the library process and to highlight issues which may raise ethical concerns for the profession. A second paper will focus specifically on these concerns within the context of the professional obligations of the librarian. 相似文献
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Michael Nagenborg 《Ethics and Information Technology》2014,16(1):43-49
This paper is as much about surveillance as about persuasive technologies (PTs). With regard to PTs it raises the question about the ethical limits of persuasion. It will be argued that even some forms of self-imposed persuasive soft surveillance technologies may be considered unethical. Therefore, the ethical evaluation of surveillance technologies should not be limited to privacy issues. While it will also be argued that PTs may become instrumental in pre-commitment strategies, it will also be demonstrated that the use of persuasive surveillance technologies in order to influence the users to become more compliant, to get their consent more easily or making it harder to opt out of the system does give rise to ethical issues. 相似文献
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Athena McLean 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(4):313-326
The reality of an ageing Europe has called attention to the importance of e-inclusion for a growing population of senior citizens. For some, this may mean closing the digital divide by providing access and support to technologies that increase citizen participation; for others, e-inclusion means access to assistive technologies to facilitate and extend their living independently. These initiatives address a social need and provide economic opportunities for European industry. While undoubtedly desirable, and supported by European Union initiatives, several cultural assumptions or issues related to the initiatives could benefit from fuller examination, as could their practical and ethical implications. This paper begins to consider these theoretical and practical concerns. The first part of the paper examines cultural issues and assumptions relevant to adopting e-technologies, and the ethical principles applied to them. These include (1) the persistence of ageism, even in e-inclusion; (2) different approaches to, and implications of independent living; and (3) the values associated with different ethical principles, given their implications for accountability to older users. The paper then discusses practical issues and ethical concerns that have been raised by the use of smart home and monitoring technologies with older persons. Understanding these assumptions and their implications will allow for more informed choices in promoting ethical application of e-solutions for older persons. 相似文献
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涉及第三方竞争情报活动的伦理道德问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This article analyzes the ethical issues in competitive intelligence involving the third party, and describes the specific forms of immoral activities involving the third party. It puts forward the idea of restraining competitive intelligence behaviors from professional ethics and ethical education. 相似文献
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新兴科学技术的发展在给社会和人们带来利益的同时,也引发出伦理与社会问题。本文以国内主流媒体对转基因技术和纳米技术的报道为例,分析国内主流媒体对新兴科技进行报道的变化趋势,比较研究不同媒体在报道内容、信息源、报道态度等方面的特点,剖析存在的问题,并提出了若干建议。 相似文献