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听写困难是儿童学习障碍的一种,是指在没有阅读障碍病史的情况下儿童特定拼写技能明显落后的现象。已有研究发现,听写困难儿童在字形表征、形音联结强度、语音表征、语义表征与听写正常儿童存在着显著差异,未来研究应注重对听写困难纵向发展的研究、制定听写技能的发展常模、探明听写过程中各环节的转换机制和神经生理基础及影响听写活动的相关因素。 相似文献
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毛荣建 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2015,(5)
采用视觉辨别、视觉记忆和视觉整体加工实验来探讨听写困难儿童是否存在视觉加工缺陷,分析听写困难儿童和正常儿童视觉加工水平的差异。结果显示,同正常儿童相比,听写困难儿童的视觉辨别能力水平低,而视觉记忆、视觉整合能力没有显著性差异。 相似文献
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近年来国内学习障碍儿童认知特征研究综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
学习障碍已成为当今学龄儿童常见的问题,并引起国内外各界研究者的高度重视。本文从视觉-空间认知缺陷、言语理解表达不足、注意集中困难、汉字再认困难、抽象信息的感知、加工处理能力受损几个方面对近年言语型学习障碍儿童认知特征的研究进行了分析,并从视觉-运动和空间认知障碍、神经心理缺陷、精神运动能力及性格、行为缺陷、社会认知缺陷几个方面对非言语型学习障碍儿童认知特征的研究进行述评。 相似文献
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帮助学习障碍(LD)儿童改变学习现状,提高学习成绩,探讨学习障碍儿童转变的有效策略和方法,全面改善和提高学习障碍儿童的身心素质,是当前我国特殊教育领域的重点问题.研究证明,学习障碍儿童在语言能力、视知觉能力、注意力和行为问题、理解能力、大运动和精细动作等方面与同龄正常儿童比较有很大差距.表现为视觉失调、感知觉整合不良、记忆差、语言和抽象思维能力差、行为笨拙等.目前治疗学习障碍的方法很多,大多学者认为需要采取综合干预措施进行矫治[1][2].我们课题组对学习障碍儿童进行了两年以心理干预为重点并配合教育干预、家庭干预等综合干预措施的研究,探讨了这种干预的作用机理,期待为探索我国特殊教育领域对于学习障碍儿童干预更理想和更有效果的措施提供一定的科学依据. 相似文献
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特定学习障碍评估的差异与一致模式以PASS理论为基础,以认知评估系统为测量工具,对儿童的认知加工特点进行评估,根据儿童的认知加工劣势对其是否存在学习障碍进行诊断,为开展有针对性的干预提供依据.学习障碍评估的差异与一致模式实现了两个结合,即干预反应模式与基本心理加工过程测量相结合、基本心理加工过程测量结果与基于研究的认知干预相结合,在提高特定学习障碍诊断的准确性与干预的有效性方面具有突出特点.文章对差异与一致模式的理论基础与测量工具、组成要素及其关系、操作流程进行评述,对其特点及适用性进行分析. 相似文献
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视频游戏干预是一种现代辅助技术治疗方法,是通过用户在视频设备上进行游戏互动,并产生视觉反馈的干预方法。归纳和梳理近年来国外对孤独症谱系障碍儿童采用视频游戏干预的实证研究发现：其主要采用严肃游戏和虚拟现实视频游戏的干预方式提升孤独症儿童认知能力、运动能力,促进其社会性发展;在干预效果方面,认知训练的干预效果低于社会性发展和运动技能的干预效果。我国未来应重视对孤独症谱系障碍儿童认知行为的干预,鼓励学校合理使用视频游戏干预法并防止儿童游戏成瘾,同时注重视频游戏技术创新。 相似文献
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翁晓倩 《闽西职业技术学院学报》2012,14(3):58-61
近年来快速命名与发展性阅读障碍的研究,主要讨论了快速命名对发展性阅读障碍产生预测性作用的主要原因:语音能力、正字法能力和任意性的形音联结.虽然鲜有研究涉及任意性的形音联结,但这个因素在形音关系不透明的汉语中,可能与阅读过程和快速命名都存在很大的相关性.今后应设立一个有效的统一的鉴别发展性阅读障碍儿童的标准,逐渐形成中文阅读发展的体系. 相似文献
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汉字是留学生学习汉语的最大障碍。如何提高留学生习得汉字的效率,并使他们通过汉字的学习学好汉语,这是对外汉语教学中一个值得研究的重要问题。文章从汉字教学的方法和模式、认知心理学理论、汉字偏误分析及计算机辅助汉字教学等方面对汉字教学的成果进行了梳理,以便为对外汉字教学实践提供参考。 相似文献
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Tamara Simpson David Camfield Andrew Pipingas Helen Macpherson 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(7):445-458
In an increasingly aging population, a number of adults are concerned about declines in their cognitive abilities. Online computer-based cognitive training programs have been proposed as an accessible means by which the elderly may improve their cognitive abilities; yet, more research is needed in order to assess the efficacy of these programs. In the current study, a commercially available 21-day online computer-based cognitive training intervention was administered to 34 individuals aged between 53 and 75 years. The intervention consisted of computerized training in reaction time, inspection time, short-term memory for words, executive function, visual spatial acuity, arithmetic, visual spatial memory, visual scanning/discrimination, and n-back working memory. An active solitaire control group was also included. Participants were tested at baseline, posttraining and at three-weeks follow-up using a battery of neuropsychological outcome measures. These consisted of simple reaction time, complex reaction time, digit forwards and backwards, spatial working memory, digit symbol substitution, RAVLT, and trail making. Significant improvement in simple reaction time and choice reaction time task was found in the cognitive training group both posttraining and at three-weeks follow-up. However, no significant improvements on the other cognitive tasks were found. The training program was found to be successful in achieving transfer of trained cognitive abilities in speed of processing to similar untrained tasks. 相似文献
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汤勤 《郧阳师范高等专科学校学报》2005,25(4):108-111
从汉语作为外语教学的角度，探讨微技能训练在汉字和词语教学中的运用，试图寻找具有普遍意义的规律性特征，以使学习者在短时间内能够批量地掌握汉字和词语，达到快速提高汉语的能力。 相似文献
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Simone Herrlinger Tim N. Höffler Maria Opfermann Detlev Leutner 《Research in Science Education》2017,47(3):685-704
Adding pictures to a text is very common in today’s education and might be especially beneficial for elementary school children, whose abilities to read and understand pure text have not yet been fully developed. Our study examined whether adding pictures supports learning of a biology text in fourth grade and whether the text modality (spoken or written) plays a role. Results indicate that overall, pictures enhanced learning but that the text should be spoken rather than written. These results are in line with instructional design principles derived from common multimedia learning theories. In addition, for elementary school children, it might be advisable to read texts out to the children. Reading by themselves and looking at pictures might overload children’s cognitive capacities and especially their visual channel. In this case, text and pictures would not be integrated into one coherent mental model, and effective learning would not take place. 相似文献
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Our spelling training software recodes words into multisensory representations comprising visual and auditory codes. These
codes represent information about letters and syllables of a word. An enhanced version, developed for this study, contains
an additional phonological code and an improved word selection controller relying on a phoneme-based student model. We investigated
the spelling behavior of children by means of learning curves based on log-file data of the previous and the enhanced software
version. First, we compared the learning progress of children with dyslexia working either with the previous software (n = 28) or the adapted version (n = 37). Second, we investigated the spelling behavior of children with dyslexia (n = 37) and matched children without dyslexia (n = 25). To gain deeper insight into which factors are relevant for acquiring spelling skills, we analyzed the influence of
cognitive abilities, such as attention functions and verbal memory skills, on the learning behavior. All investigations of
the learning process are based on learning curve analyses of the collected log-file data. The results evidenced that those
children with dyslexia benefit significantly from the additional phonological cue and the corresponding phoneme-based student
model. Actually, children with dyslexia improve their spelling skills to the same extent as children without dyslexia and
were able to memorize phoneme to grapheme correspondence when given the correct support and adequate training. In addition,
children with low attention functions benefit from the structured learning environment. Generally, our data showed that memory
sources are supportive cognitive functions for acquiring spelling skills and for using the information cues of a multi-modal
learning environment. 相似文献
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Stad Femke E. Wiedl Karl H. Vogelaar Bart Bakker Merel Resing Wilma C. M. 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2019,34(1):123-146
The aim of the current study was to investigate to what extent children’s potential for learning is related to their level of cognitive flexibility. Potential for learning was measured through a dynamic testing procedure that aimed to measure how much a child can profit from a training procedure integrated into the testing process, including the amount and type of feedback the children required during this training procedure. The study followed a pre-test–training–post-test control group design. Participants were 153 6–7-year-old children. Half of this group of children were provided with a standardised graduated prompts procedure. The other half of the participants performed a non-inductive cognitive task. Children’s cognitive flexibility was measured through a card sorting test and a test of verbal fluency. Results show that cognitive flexibility was positively related to children’s performance, but only for children in the practice-only condition who received no training. These outcomes suggest that dynamic testing, and more in particular, the graduated prompting procedure, supports children’s cognitive flexibility, thereby giving children with weaker flexibility the opportunity to show more of their cognitive potential as measured through inductive reasoning.
相似文献17.
以拼音为主的汉字教学,给幼儿的汉语学习与认知带来很多困难。在常用的增强汉字学习与记忆技巧中,依汉字演变规律,从追溯字源、再现汉字生成语境入手,通过揭示汉字形体内在机理,建立音、形、义三者内在关联的字源识字法值得关注。因此,研究旨在探索字源识字法对提高幼儿汉字理解、记忆的长期影响,以及对幼儿汉语言认知及思维发展的促进作用。参加者（N ＝99）按年龄差异,被分到大、中、小三个班级,实验结束后随机选择24名幼儿后测。尽管实验组和控制组的幼儿都认识一些汉字,但实验组的参加者接受了一个短期的字源识字法训练。结果显示,字源识字法提高幼儿汉字学习中的理解与记忆效果;字源识字法对幼儿汉语言认知及思维发展有促进作用。 相似文献
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Learning preferences have been indirectly linked to student success in engineering programmes, without a significant body of research to connect learning preferences with cognitive abilities. A better understanding of the relationship between learning styles and cognitive abilities will allow educators to optimise the classroom experience for students. The goal of this study was to determine whether relationships exist between student learning styles, as determined by the Felder-Soloman Inventory of Learning Styles (FSILS), and their cognitive performance. Three tests were used to assess student's cognitive abilities: a matrix reasoning task, a Tower of London task, and a mental rotation task. Statistical t-tests and correlation coefficients were used to quantify the results. Results indicated that the global–sequential, active–referential, and visual–verbal FSILS learning styles scales are related to performance on cognitive tasks. Most of these relationships were found in response times, not accuracy. Differences in task performance between gender groups (male and female) were more notable than differences between learning styles groups. 相似文献
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Reading is a complex activity that is related to factors from the cognitive, ecological, and psychological domains. However, few studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying word learning by including the factors from the three domains in Chinese children. One hundred and ninety-four Chinese first graders completed tasks on cognitive abilities and word reading ability and a questionnaire relating to the psychological domain, their parents answered questionnaires relating to the psychological and ecological domains. The cognitive factors in the present study involved general (i.e., working memory) and reading-specific (i.e., vocabulary and morphological awareness) abilities. As ecological factors, the parent-reported family socioeconomic status (SES) and home literacy environment (HLE) were used to indicate parents’ resource characteristics of the literacy interactions at home. As psychological factors, an overall mental status was measured by the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised and reading self-efficacy were used to indicate children’s demand and force characteristics in the literacy interactions. The results of path analysis showed that, after controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence, the reading-specific cognitive abilities had a direct effect on word reading. Working memory, HLE, and reading self-efficacy contributed to word reading through the reading-specific cognitive abilities. Family SES facilitated HLE, which subsequently benefited the reading-specific cognitive abilities, and then assisted word reading. 相似文献
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王全义 《云南师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2013,(5):77-81
文章从记忆策略、认知策略、补偿策略、元认知策略、情感策略和社交策略6个方面对预科留学生中成功者的学习策略进行了调查分析,结果显示,成功的汉语学习者在各项策略上都表现比较积极,他们在元认知策略及社交策略上的表现尤为突出。对汉语学习来说,汉字始终是一个重要的难点,这些成功的学习者突破汉字的策略,对我们的教学有重要的启示意义,比如合理采用字本位的一些方法,适当提高汉字的字词比,可以减轻学生记忆汉语词语的负担,在短时间内扩大学生的词汇量。 相似文献