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1.
The current cost-plus natural gas pricing mechanism makes the gas price too low,resulting in a lot of consumer-side subsidies and over-consumed natural gas.This paper applies the price-gap approach and input-output analysis technology to quantitatively analyze both the direct and indirect effects on urban residents under the condition that natural gas subsidies are cancelled in China in 2007.It is shown that the gas price will increase by 33.3%-41.6%,and the residential consumption expenditure by 0.26%-0.33%.The low-income groups are mostly affected,so different subsidies should be implemented to make subsidies more efficient. 相似文献
2.
Geographic information systems(GIS)are a widely used tool in urban planning and management.More and more cities and deecision-makers require its attributes of promptness,precision and visualization.But the application of GIS in urban environmental management is still a new field and relevant researches are getting on tardily.As a subsystem of GIS,an urban environmental management geographic information system(UEMGIS0should be a complex multi-discipline and multi-objective tool to perform quantitative multi-dimension analysis and to transfer the results into an expression legible to an ordinary user.It should be a dynamic system of prompt functions based on upgradable databases,and be composed of many subsystems respectively specialized in items about water,air,waste and noise as well as relative standards and regulations.However, existing UEMGISs mostly rely on the basic GIS too much to design the actual requirements of applications and managements in themselves,and the unavailability of sufficient fundamental data has retarded their improvement.In the design of a UEMGIS,the standardization of data classification should be taken into consideration to make the data exchangeable and shareable among its subsystems and within every subsystemj,and the applicable error limits for input data should be defined in accordance with the user s required precision of data out.Data acquisition can be easy and quick if remote sensing,global positioning system(GPS)and other technologies are combined with GIS,Rapidly progressing information fechnologies have been giving a bright prospect for the melioration of UEMGIS that will have great potential and wide application in environmental conservation. 相似文献
3.
Li Jiangmin Ding Liming 《东南大学学报》2008,(Z1)
To comprehend the practical apperception of urban dwellers in ReBAM (recreational belt around metropolis) and to adjust and optimize the strategy, using a questionnaire administered to Wuhan citizens, the satisfaction of urban dwellers in ReBAM is measured based on an expectation-disconfirmation model. The differences between expectation and perceived performance of satisfaction of urban dwellers are compared, and then Pearson correlate to total satisfaction and disconfirmation of urban dwellers is carried out. The research findings are as follows. First, expectation and perceived performance values are significantly higher than three, which are beyond the normal level. Second, perceived performances are lower than expectations, which indicates negative disconfirmations. Third, disconfirmations are negative while total satisfaction is relatively high, and there is a low correlation between the two. The conclusion is that urban dwellers are interested in ReBAM but they have more expectation and obtain lower experience. Managers should advance their perceived performance through improving travel infrastructure, strengthening product innovation and service innovation. 相似文献
4.
This paper presents the research on the atmospheric corrosion rates of carbon steel, zinc and copper in Chongqing, which was a corrosion subprogram of an international project, Regional Air Pollution in Developing Countries. We performed field exposure tests of carbon steel, zinc and copper at an urban site Guanyinqiao and a rural site Tieshanping inChongqing, then used grey relational analysis, based on the database of the whole corrosion project, to determine the order of the effect of environmental factors on corrosion rates of tested metals, and established dose-response functions for these three metals. The results showed that the two crucial agents of acidic environment, SO2 and H , were common factors that contributed most to the corrosion of the tested metals. The established dose-response functions for outdoor carbon steel and zinc are proved applicable to use in Chongqing, but the function for copper needs further modifying. We employed these dose- response functions and general environmental data to elaborate the maps of corrosion rate respectively of carbon steel and zinc by geological information system (GIS) technique which help to identify areas of high corrosion damage risk. An acceptable annual average SO2 level of 21 μg/m3 for carbon steel and that of 61 μg/m3 for zinc are also put forward to control the air pollution impact on atmospheric corrosion in Chongqing urban areas. 相似文献
5.
Jianxin Guo Sufen Sun Changshou Luo 《美中教育评论》2005,2(1):68-81
The disparities between urban and rural areas are increasingly widening with the development of the ＂digital divide＂; however, information technology plays an important role in accelerating rural development. After investigation and analysis, Beijing Academy of Agricukure and Forestry Sciences （BAAFS） has schemed out a network transmission solution and an user application system, which are adaptable to the reality in China＇s rural areas and provide a distance education for farmers with e-lectures, multi-media courseware and other information services, including website, Agricultural voice information Consultative Service System, Agricultural Intelligence-System and 3S technology. The rural distance education and information service system greatly contributed to the information-driven agriculture, the qualifying of farmers and the rural development. This paper introduces the training and learning modes of adult education in rural areas through modem information technology. Furthermore, the paper discusses the problems encountered during the development of Beijing rural distance education. 相似文献
6.
IAMTRAKUL Pawinee TEKNOMO Kardi GE Jian HOKAO Kazunori 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2005,6(8):900-906
INTRODUCTION Public parks are representative of city green ar-eas that provide numerous recreation opportunities to the people in the community. At the same time, public parks offer social, economic, and environmental benefits. High quality park service contributes to urban quality, but requires a large city government budget on personnel, parks resources, and admini-stration to maintain public parks’ high quality of ser-vice. In order to maintain and explain the budget for public parks… 相似文献
7.
This paper presents the simulation results of the wind environment around a single high-rise building and that around two tall buildings in tandem arrangement by using the lattice Boltzmann method with an aim to understand the ventilation issues around high-rise buildings in an urban environment. We analyzed the velocity distribution around the buildings and performed numericl simulations to reveal the formation and evolution law of the complex vortex system around the high-rise buildings. Numerical simulation results manifest a periodicity phenamenon in the process of the vortex evolution. For the case of two high-rise buildings, wind velocity in the space between the two buildings is very small, which is nearly a silent regime. Wind velocity above the front building is relatively larger and the maximum wind velocity is approximately 2.5 times the incoming wind velocity. The numerical results can be used in layout planning of high-rise residential buildings to create better environment for ventilation purpose in an urban area. 相似文献
8.
Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design that take account of results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acoustic and thermal environments of a residential area using the analytic software ECOTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three different types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment of Zhejiang University, China, based on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exterior physical living environment. 相似文献
9.
LIANG Xin-yuan SHI Qing-xi ZHANG Qin 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(3):158-163
Causality Diagram （CD） is a new graphical knowledge representation based on probability theory. The application of this methodology in the safety analysis of the gas explosion in collieries was discussed in this paper, and the Minimal Cut Set, the Minimal Path Set and the Importance were introduced to develop the methodology. These concepts are employed to analyze the influence each event has on the top event - the gas explosion, so as to find out about the defects of the system and accordingly help to work out the emphasis of the precautionary work and some preventive measures as well. The results of the safety analysis are in accordance with the practical requirements; therefore the preventive measures are certain to work effectively. In brief, according to the research CD is so effective in the safety analysis and the safety assessment that it can be a qualitative and quantitative method to predict the accident as well as offer some effective measures for the investigation, the prevention and the control of the accident. 相似文献
10.
Formation of Los Angeles’s low density and high car dependence 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
As a typical car-dependent city, Los Angeles (LA) is extensively used as an example in research to illustrate car influences on city form. Focusing on the features of LA’s geologic conditions and civil circumstances, we argued that the relationship between LA’s low-density pattern and car dependence is more involved than previously deemed simple causality. The low density should be primarily credited to the spacious requirement of the mining industry, frequent earthquakes and multiethnic population of the city. Oil reserves in LA fueled its economic boom and fast urbanization that coincided with the start of mass production of cheap cars, and cars became medium-priced consumables for average families. Politicians preference for short construction-period projects enabled fast establishment of LA’s highway infrastructure. The popularity of car use in return faciliatated further development of the low-density pattern of the city. The low-density urban form and car dependence created environmental and social problems for LA. Looking at P. R. China’s motorization and urban development, we found that the trajectory of Beijing’s motorization between 1978 and 2003 coincides with that of the U.S. in the 1910s and 1920s. Lessons from LA’s urban and transportation development should be suggestive to China’s urban and transportation planning. 相似文献
11.
Zhuangzi is the masterpiece of Zhuangzi, and Walden is the masterpiece of Henry David Thoreau. This paper intends to study the similarities of Zhuangzi’s and Thoreau’s outlooks on life by analyzing Thoreau’s origin with Taoism and the absorption from Taoism in Walden. By making a large amount of analysis and comparison of the texts in these two works, the paper comes to such a conclusion: both Thoreau and Zhuangzi advocate to simplify people’s material life and to seek voluntary poverty; they are willing to enjoy the solitude and pursue the spiritual independence and freedom; they prefer to return to nature, live harmoniously with nature and therefore reach the realm of"unity of heaven and humanity". They pay more attention to human existence and their spiritual state. In the complicated modern society, people devote themselves to seeking a materially rich life. However, they do not attach enough importance to spiritual richness. As a result, the whole human society is facing a serious spiritual crisis in modern times. Thoreau’s and Zhuangzi’s outlooks on life can lead people to go through various difficulties of life and guard the pure land of the heart. 相似文献
12.
Australia is one of the world leaders in water management. The country meets the challenge of water shortage with established integrated water management in which rainwater is taken as a too precious resource to be just drained off. In Australia, rainwater is extensively harvested and polished to provide cheaper supply for potable and non-potable domestic uses, irrigation, landscaping, refilling aquifers and other uses. Implementing dual management over the quantity and quality of storm water and practicing water sensitive urban design （WSUD） in urban areas effectively control non-point-source pollution of waterways by pollutants carried with runoffs, reduce the discharge of rainwater and thus protect properties and lives from damage by floods. These achievements are attributed to constant reinforcement by govenments from federal to local levels in policy, financial, legal and educational aspects, and also to the lasting efforts of professional communities and water industry in developing requisite techniques, demonstrating the benefits and fostering public credence of rainwater reuse. The successful rainwater management practices in Australia suggest rainwater harvesting can be a complimentary means for the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme to solve the water shortage in China＇s northern regions, and thus release to a degree the pressure on the Yangtze water resources. Best management practices of rainwater can be an effective controlling strategy for flooding and non-point-source water pollution of waterways. Such in-site source control initiatives have particular significance to protecting slow waterways of weak selfpurification ability, like the Three Gorges Reservior. 相似文献
13.
Two Gaussian air quality dispersion models, the industrial source complex short-term model (ISCST3) with and without modification have been used to simulate the pollutant concentration distribution in urban areas based on the meteorological data and the emissions distribution of sulfur dioxide. The verified data show that the modified model is more accurate in the urban area of Shijiazhuang. Using the modified model predictions, the control strategies of sulfur dioxide in the urban area have been studied, and the result show that the second long-term (to 2010) strategy can mitigate air pollution significantly and maintain pollution levels within permissible limits. 相似文献
14.
This paper explores the relationship between the original and its translation by interpreting Benjamin’s three metaphors from his The Translator’s Task. The exploration starts with the metaphor of“the tangent of a circle”,where it is interpreted that although the translated version should be faithful to its original in terms of meaning,yet it is a deviation due to different internal and external factors. Then,in the metaphor of“afterlife”,the discussion demonstrates that the translated version proceeds from the original,but the original depends on it for its survival and afterlife in different eras. Later,based on the metaphor of“fragments of a vessel”,the author states that the original and its translation are equal and complementary,just like the fragments of a vessel,responsible for the development and renewal of each other through translation. Finally,it is concluded that a better understanding of their relationship can offer us a new perspective in translation studies and practice. 相似文献
15.
Swaha Bhattacharya 《美中教育评论》2005,2(11):75-81
Kolkata＇s eastern expansion has been accelerated by the construction of the Eastern Metropolitan Bypass and the various connectors are connected the main city to the bypass. Permanent dwellers of a locality generally live together in such a way that they share the basic conditions of a community life and develop a strong positive feeling for the locality which finally becomes a part of their respective self-identity. The present investigation has been designed to study the perceived dwelling environment, social environment and interpersonal relationship of a group of inhabitants of own houses adjacent to EM Bypass of Kolkata. Accordingly, 200 adult inhabitants （100 male and 100 female） were randomly selected as subjects from own houses adjacent to EM Bypass of Kolkata. General Information Schedule, Perceived Dwelling Environment Questionnaire, Perceived Social Environment Questionnaire and Perceived Interpersonal Relationship Questionnaire were administered to them. The findings reveal that the inhabitants perceive the dwelling environment unfavorably, on the contrary, they perceive the social environment favorably. They are also maintaining good interpersonal relationship with neighbors. Those who are living in the same environment of above five years perceive the environment more favorable than those who are living in the same environment of below five years. 相似文献
16.
High education become more important in developing national and regional economy,universities are the main bases to create.This article focuses on a brief talk of the development of Chinese college education and the college English teaching.It gives a general pic ture for readers to display the facts of high education’s history and the college English teaching(an example of Guizhou province). 相似文献
17.
Languages convey cultural information while they are used as tools to communicate.With the development of human society and the frequencies of intercultural communication,cultural differences may impact on people’s normal communications.Cultural differences between English and Chinese appear in many aspects of languages.Animal words are influenced by such cultural factors as geographical conditions,historical developments,traditional customs,mythology and fables,etc.So they are endowed with abundant cultural connotations.A similar animal word may have different connotative meanings in English and Chinese respectively,but sometimes different animal words have the same connotations.Whether they are different or not will reflect cultural differences between Chinese and English.Thus,through illustration,classification and comparison of English and Chinese animal words,the thesis aims to explore the cultural differences between English and Chinese.What’s more,the thesis aims to help English learns have a better understanding of English culture and develop the abilities of English language study. 相似文献
18.
This paper aims to identify the gaps in management education highlighted by 3 primary stakeholders： students, faculty and alumni. The study tries to address the issue of relevance and compatibility of management education and investigates areas of improvement perceived by respondents. The paper assumes that business departments of universities have to bring changes in learning strategies to meet the requirements of stakeholders. This research takes UMT （University of Management and Technology） as a case study and presents gaps in management education. Data are collected from all the 3 stakeholders： students, faculty and alumni of MBA （Master in Business Administration） program offered at UMT. The survey is administered using an exclusively-designed research instrument and the data set of 211 students, 55 faculty members and 145 alumni is analysed using appropriate statistical techniques. The management of business schools should develop an integrated and well-coordinated mechanism to share common vision and strategies among stakeholders. A need to revise current MBA curriculum is identified, which emphasizes on the development of different types of skills among MBAs to make the program compatible with the existing corporate sector. The universities dealing in management education are recommended to redesign their curriculum in a more integrated and coordinated way in anticipation with aspiration of the existing corporate sector, which would then help reduce the identified gaps among stakeholders. The management of business schools should have a continuous assessment mechanism incorporating the feed back of all stakeholders, particularly students, faculty and alumni. The paper makes a fruitful contribution to the existing academic literature through an empirical investigation in Pakistani environment. A critical discussion is carried out, and gaps in management education are highlighted, which may motivate management institutions to revise their curriculums. 相似文献
19.
Sidonia Alenuma 《美中教育评论》2009,6(7):1-17,60
The objective of this paper is to explore the operation of magnet and professional development school （PDS） programs in a real life situation using an ethnographic study of Downtown Elementary School （DES-a pseudonym） that simultaneously operates as a PDS and a magnet school. The author spent almost three years at DES, located in the Southern United States, collecting data through participant observation, interviewing, and document collection. The purpose is to provide answers to compelling questions such as： What does it mean to have both magnet and PDS programs operating simultaneously in the same school as in the case of DES？ What can be learned from the experiences of the unique school-DES？ The paper provides an outline of both magnet and PDS programs and their operations at DES and analyzes how these programs are interrelated and intertwined. Some of the outcomes indicate that DES is about the only school in its locality that juxtaposes two innovative school reform programs. These programs impede each other＇s progress sometimes and in some cases feed off each other. There is a lot to be learned from the unique experiences of DES. Coupled with other conclusions, the author concludes that, PDSs, as school restructuring projects are intertwined with magnet schools＇ reform activity which is motivated by the drive to provide equity of opportunity to learn, particularly for poor, minority and black students in mostly urban areas who are at a disadvantage for various reasons. The final section of the paper takes a critical look at the issues at stake through the lens of critical multiculturalism. 相似文献
20.
Characteristics of R22 and its new alternative refrigerant R200 flowing through adiabatic capillary tubes are investigated based on the homogeneous model. Extensive flow variables along tube length such as pressure, temperature, viscosity, velocity. Reynolds number, friction factor and vapor quality etc are compared between the two fluids under the same operating condition. Two cases are considered, namely, either the same tube length or the same mass flow rate as inlet condition. The results show that the mass flow rate in the capillary tube of R290 is 40% lower than that of R22 due to the differences of physical properties between the two fluids. Further. a parametric analysis is performed and it appears that effects of geometric and thermodynamic parameters on mass flow rate of R290 are weaker than that of R22. When the condensing temperature is increased from 40℃ to 50℃ C. the mass flow rate for R22 is increased by 16%. while the increasing rate for R290 is 13%. 相似文献