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1.
探讨初中生这一群体普遍存在的焦虑体验是否与该阶段孤独感水平有关,进而讨论两者之间是否存在自尊的中介作用。方法：随机选取378名初中学生,采用孤独感量表（UCLA）、自尊量表（SES）以及特质焦虑量表（STAI）进行调查。结果发现初中生焦虑与孤独感、自尊两者分别呈极显著正相关和负相关（r=0.616,r=-0.548）,自尊与孤独感呈极显著负相关（r=-0.543）;自尊在焦虑与孤独感间的中介效应模型拟合良好,说明初中生体验到的孤独情绪会对其焦虑水平有正面的影响,而自尊的获得可以部分缓解其焦虑。  相似文献   

2.
The achievement gap between African American and European American youth is a pervasive problem in the United States. This study explored how achievement values and behavioral engagement affect the academic attainment of an academically at‐risk sample of 167 African American youth in late elementary school. Results indicate that achievement values do not have a significant influence on engagement or achievement in late elementary school. However, behavioral engagement significantly influenced math achievement from Grades 4 to 5. The implications of these findings are discussed.  相似文献   

3.
目的:本研究主要探讨教师幸福感、小学生社交焦虑与孤独感之间的关系。方法:随机选取烟台市某两所小学的294名学生和6位班主任老师为被试,采用总体幸福感量表、儿童社交焦虑量表和儿童孤独量表进行调查。结果:(1)由随机回归分析模型发现社交焦虑能够正向预测小学生的孤独感(β=0.5424,P=0.002)。(2)社会焦虑对小学生孤独感的影响在不同班级之间有明显差异(X^2=18.2546,P=0.003)。(3)基于HLM的分析发现,在教师层面,教师幸福感对小学生孤独感的影响不显著。结论:小学生社会焦虑能够影响孤独感,这种影响虽然在不同班级内有明显的差异,但是教师幸福感所能解释的比例非常小。  相似文献   

4.
There is limited empirical research on the correlates of conduct problems (CP) and depression comorbidity during childhood. This study investigated 479 elementary school children (48.2% girls). It compared children with comorbidity to children with CP only, depression only, and control children on individual, academic, social, and family characteristics. The study also analyzed gender differences in the associations between correlates and comorbidity. Multinomial logistic regression results revealed that children with CP and depression had higher levels of anxiety and more school difficulties than children with CP only, more social difficulties and more severe attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms than children with depression only, and more difficulties in all domains than control children. Girls with CP and depression presented a particularly negative profile, including lower school abilities than CP and control girls, and lower social skills and more severe ADHD symptoms than control girls.  Implications for evaluation and intervention planning are discussed.  相似文献   

5.
The aims of this study were to investigate the dimensionality of internalizing problems among secondary high school pupils and to find out about their preferences for the social organization of learning formats. We wanted to see if preferences varied for pupils reporting different kinds of internalizing problems. Five hundred and one pupils in Grades 8, 9 and 10 (aged 13–16 years) from two secondary schools in a city in the south of Norway participated in the study. The results indicate that internalizing problems can be sub‐divided into symptoms of depression, symptoms of anxiety and social passive behaviour. We found a high association between symptoms of depression and symptoms of anxiety. However, scores for social passivity showed relatively low associations with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Our results indicated that all pupils with internalizing difficulties had lower than average negative preferences for most of the learning formats. Our results also suggest that depressed pupils have a particularly low preference for individual work, whereas socially passive pupils are most negative about whole class interactions.  相似文献   

6.
我国留守儿童焦虑与孤独感研究的回顾与展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
留守儿童的焦虑和孤独感问题比较突出，已有研究主要采用文献综述法、问卷法、访谈法、观察法等，发现不同类型留守儿童与非留守儿童在焦虑和孤独感上存在显著差异。留守儿童个体身心状况、与父母的关系、学校教育以及学习状况等可预测留守儿童焦虑与孤独感状况。后续的研究应该拓展和深化研究内容；综合运用各种研究方法以及加强对留守儿童焦虑、孤独感等负性情绪的干预研究。  相似文献   

7.
School attachment is a robust predictor of adjustment in children and youth. Previous research has demonstrated effects of school context on student attachment, but individual‐level contributions have not been explored. Our study examined the role of affiliative orientation in school attachment and aggressive behavior in children and youth from Grades 3 through 12. A total of 834 students in three school districts completed self‐report measures of affiliative motivation, attachment to school, and frequency of physically and relationally aggressive acts. Results supported the hypothesis that students high in affiliative orientation reported higher levels of school attachment and lower levels of physical and relational aggression. Path analysis indicated that the relation of affiliative orientation to aggression was mediated by school attachment, but that the mediational effect was moderated by sex. Male students, and students of both sexes with low affiliative motivation, may receive special benefit from practices designed to increase school attachment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 231–246, 2006.  相似文献   

8.
ABSTRACT

The author investigated the role of individual characteristics (self-esteem, social anxiety, and self-reported classroom participation) and peer reactions (peer-perceived shyness, peer nominations) in classroom loneliness in a sample of 704 preadolescent boys (360) and girls (344). It was hypothesized that classroom participation functions as a mediator between self-esteem and peer responses. Using structural equation modeling, a measurement model and path models with and without self-esteem were generated. Model 1 confirmed the central role of self-esteem and the mediating function of classroom participation. Model 2 (without self-esteem) showed similar effects for social anxiety. The author proposes possible interventions that address classroom participation rather than loneliness or self-esteem per se.  相似文献   

9.
Positive school environments and school belonging have been associated with a variety of positive academic, social, and psychological outcomes among youth. Yet, it is not clear how these constructs are related, and few studies have focused on urban at‐risk youth with disabilities. This study examines baseline survey data from 136 low‐income African American and Latino students in grades 5 to 12, most of whom have disabilities, recently transferred following a school closure. Using structural equation modeling, we tested a model that examined the relationships among school stressors and resources, school belonging, academic outcomes (school satisfaction and academic self‐efficacy), and psychological outcomes (anxiety and depression). This model was an excellent fit with the data, and findings indicate that school belonging plays a central role in explaining how school context can affect both psychological and academic outcomes. This model has implications for school‐based interventions that can enhance student success and well‐being. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

10.
目的:以外来务工者及其子女为例,探讨父母教养方式和初中生孤独感的关系。方法:以父母教养方式评价量表和青少年孤独感量表为研究工具,调查74名初中生,采用相关分析与回归分析等统计方法对研究数据进行处理。结果:(1)外来务工者子女的孤独感总均分为2分;(2)初中男生和女生之间的孤独感体验没有显著差异;(3)父、母情感温暖理解和父亲过度保护因子这三个因素与外来务工者子女孤独感呈显著的负相关。进一步回归分析发现,这三个因子不仅进入了方程,且影响显著,因此能很好地预测外来务工者子女的孤独感。结论:积极的父母教养方式对外来务工者子女的孤独感起着一定的保护作用。  相似文献   

11.
为了探讨家庭亲密度与抑郁情绪的关系,以及孤独感在家庭亲密度与抑郁情绪间的作用机制,采用家庭环境量表、抑郁自评量表和孤独感量表对310名大学生进行随机调查。结果发现,身体健康状况差的大学生更容易产生抑郁情绪与孤独感,家庭关系破裂的大学生家庭亲密度较低;家庭亲密度与抑郁情绪之间存在显著负相关;孤独感与抑郁情绪之间存在显著正相关;家庭亲密度与孤独感之间存在负相关;家庭亲密度、孤独感对抑郁情绪均有显著的预测作用,且孤独感在家庭亲密度与抑郁情绪之间存在部分中介作用。研究认为,无论是直接调节抑郁情绪还是通过孤独感间接调节抑郁情绪,家庭亲密度对抑郁情绪都具有显著的效果。  相似文献   

12.
We examined the mediating roles of gratitude and children support in the relationship between satisfaction with adult children’s achievements, and depression/loneliness in a sample of 465 community elders of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The sample includes 294 women and 171 men with mean age 74.18 (SD = 9.42) selected by means of multistage sampling method. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results suggested that satisfaction with adult children’s achievements was negatively associated with depression and loneliness. However, these relationships were found to be successively mediated by children’s support and gratitude. Specifically, gratitude fully mediated the relationship between satisfaction with adult children’s achievements and loneliness while children’s support was a partial mediator. Also, gratitude partially mediated the relationship between satisfaction with adult children’s achievements and depression while children’s support did not. The fit indices for the mediation model achieved the acceptable cuff-off for model fitness, CFI = .95, RMSEA = .042, 90% CI = (.033, .05, SRMR = .05, with 46% and 28% variance in depression and loneliness, respectively. In the management of geriatric depression and loneliness, mental health professionals may assess satisfaction with adult children’s achievements and utilize gratitude interventions for a happy and successful aging.  相似文献   

13.
Little is known about the development of mathematics anxiety in elementary school students. To address this gap in knowledge, the authors evaluated students in Grades 3 and 6 on measures of mathematics anxiety, school test anxiety, and attitudes toward mathematics to determine (a) whether different forms of mathematics anxiety exist, (b) whether mathematics test anxiety differs from school test anxiety, and (c) whether mathematics anxiety is related to different attitudes toward mathematics. Evidence was found for two distinct forms of mathematics anxiety: test and problem-solving anxiety. Mathematics test anxiety increased with age relative to mathematics problem-solving anxiety; this result demonstrated that children become more anxious about mathematics testing situations as they progress through school. Mathematics test anxiety was related, but not identical, to school test anxiety, and students in both grades were less anxious about math tests than about academic testing generally. Finally, older students tended to show more positive attitudes toward mathematics than did younger students, and relations between these attitudes and the two forms of mathematics anxiety also changed between Grades 3 and 6.  相似文献   

14.
Positive youth development (PYD) deserves more empirical attention, particularly among children of diverse racial–ethnic backgrounds. Given the need among families for monitoring and supervision during out‐of‐school time, community‐based afterschool is a potentially promotive ecological setting. This study explores the quality of afterschool experiences upon PYD. This multimethod study includes over 500 elementary school children in Grades 2–5 (Mage = 8.80, SD = 1.12). The sample comprises of 49% White, 27% African American, 7% Latino, and 17% mixed race/others with 45% free/reduced lunch eligible children. In multilevel models, independently observed quality across time positively impacted competence, connection, caring for all youth, and cultural values for racial–ethnic minority youth. Afterschool fosters PYD, including sociocultural dimensions, when comprised of appropriately structured, supportive, and engaging interactions.  相似文献   

15.
A theoretical model of children's dependency on teachers and other caregivers in elementary school was tested and supported in this study. Based on attachment theory and social‐cognitive theory, parental intrusiveness and children's separation anxiety were hypothesized to heighten dependent behaviors with school caregivers. Families of children in Grades K–5 participated. Parent‐ and child‐report measures with good psychometric properties were employed. Parental intrusiveness and children's separation anxiety were associated with clingy, dependent relationships with school caregivers in cross‐informant correlational analyses. Intrusiveness and separation anxiety jointly accounted for 18%–29% of the variance in dependency scores. Results are consistent with attachment models of continuity between parent–child relationships and relations with other caregivers. Practice recommendations for teachers and school providers are given. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 823–837, 2007.  相似文献   

16.
采用儿童孤独感量表和儿童社交焦虑量表,以3-6年级留守儿童为对象进行调查研究。结果发现:(1)3-6年级留守儿童的孤独感在性别变量上无显著差异。(2)父母双方外出打工的留守儿童孤独感显著高于父亲外出打工的留守儿童,与母亲外出打工留守儿童的孤独感无显著差异。(3)3-6年级留守儿童的孤独感在年级变量上的差异显著,随着年级升高,孤独感得分随之降低。(4)3-6年级留守儿童的孤独感与总体社交焦虑及其各因子呈显著正相关,总体社交焦虑和社交回避对孤独感具有显著的联合预测作用。  相似文献   

17.
The thesis of the present study was that failure in achievement tasks may constitute a stress factor that can trigger a depression episode, particularly for students with learning disabilities (LD), and that a particular motivational pattern may constitute a cognitive diathesis for depression. Participants were 104 students referred for LD who were drawn from a pool of approximately 900 students from Grades 5 and 6. Students were challenged with a series of difficult math exercises, and their achievement behaviors were examined as a function of achievement goal orientations. Results from structural equation modeling provided empirical support of the contention that performance-avoidance goals may account for a series of negative cognitions and affect. Direct positive paths linked performance-avoidance goals to anxiety, depression, and negative affect; negative paths were revealed with regard to self-esteem and positive affect. Thus, performance-avoidance goals may possess elements of the diathesis mechanism described by Dykman, constituting a vulnerability factor that triggers the mechanism of depression when negative events are in place.  相似文献   

18.
Social‐emotional health influences youth developmental trajectories and there is growing interest among educators to measure the social‐emotional health of the students they serve. This study replicated the psychometric characteristics of the Social Emotional Health Survey (SEHS) with a diverse sample of high school students (Grades 9–12; N = 14,171), and determined whether the factor structure was invariant across sociocultural and gender groups. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the fit of the previously known factor structure, and then structural equation modeling was used to test invariance across sociocultural and gender groups through multigroup CFAs. Results supported the SEHS measurement model, with full invariance of the SEHS higher‐order structure for all five sociocultural groups. There were no moderate effect size or higher group differences on the overall index for sociocultural or gender groups, which lends support to the eventual development of common norms and universal interpretation guidelines.  相似文献   

19.
Research has suggested that academic stress may “spillover” into other life domains and have negative psychological or social consequences for children and adolescents outside of school settings, but relatively few investigations have examined mediators and moderators of spillover. The current study explored the mediating role of state affect and the moderating roles of prior academic performance and mood disturbances on spillover in a sample of 131 French adolescents. Participants completed clinical measures of anxiety and depression and participated in a 7-day ambulatory monitoring phase that involved multiple daily assessments of mood, behaviors, and activities. Spillover was observed for family events and subsequent school-related events, as well as between family and leisure events. These associations remained significant when controlling for immediate mood responses, suggesting that state affect does not play a salient mediating role. There was no evidence that spillover was moderated by academic difficulty, anxiety, depression, or gender. Results are discussed in terms of the role that emotional processes may play in spillover phenomena as well as the reciprocal influence that academic and non-academic events may exert each other.  相似文献   

20.
Bullying is a form of interpersonal trauma that impacts all parties involved, including the youth who witness the bullying. Some bystanders choose to intervene and defend the child being bullied. Defending may be positively associated with psychosocial difficulties because youth are becoming more involved in a traumatic event, or because youth may be actively coping with the distress elicited from witnessing bullying; however, the link between defending and psychosocial difficulties has not yet been examined. The current study investigated the age-related differences and psychosocial difficulties associated with defending behaviour in school bullying. Data were collected from 5071 Canadian youth from Grades 4–12. Participants completed an online survey at school, which assessed demographic information, recent defending behaviour, location and frequency of witnessing bullying, and psychosocial difficulties (internalizing, anger, psychosomatic, academic, and relationship difficulties). A subsample of 1443 pure bystanders (no current bullying involvement) was used for regression analyses. Defending behaviour was more common among girls and among younger students. For boys, defending behaviour was associated with more psychosocial difficulties compared to boys who only witnessed the bullying. This relationship was less consistent for girls. Defending behaviour was also associated with more psychosocial difficulties at high levels of bullying exposure. These associations suggest that defending may come at a cost for youth, or that youth are defending their peers to cope with negative emotions associated with witnessing interpersonal trauma. More longitudinal research is needed to clarify these associations.  相似文献   

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