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本研究以683名农村小学生和初中生为对象,考察了农村青少年吸烟行为的特点及其与家庭环境危险性、未来定向的关系.结果发现:(1)10.7%的农村青少年曾有过吸烟行为,7.7%的青少年过去一个月吸烟,男生、初中生、留守儿童青少年的吸烟行为显著地多于女生、小学生和非留守者;(2)家庭环境危险性、未来定向与农村青少年吸烟行为显著相关;(3)家庭环境危险性可以直接地预测农村青少年的吸烟行为,同时,未来定向在家庭环境危险性与青少年吸烟行为关系中发挥着完全中介的作用,提醒我们应高度关注未来定向的保护性作用. 相似文献
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林丹华:北京师范大学心理学院副教授,博士,主要研究领城是健康行为预防与干预、儿童青少年心理咨询与治疗。一项针对青少年烟草使用情况的调查显示,中国有20%以上的初中生尝试过吸烟,其中有相当比例的人已表现出今后吸烟的倾向。相关专家指出:青少年吸烟在中国已成为一个不容忽视的问题,开始吸烟的年龄越低,今后成为经常吸烟者的可能性就越高,戒烟的可能性越小。 相似文献
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同伴是指由相同背景、有共同经历的个体双向选择所组成的群体。吸烟态度是指个体对吸烟所持有的一种具有评价性的、比较稳定的心理倾向,是一个包含认知、情感、行为倾向的系统。从大量青少年期心理特点的理论及影响青少年吸烟原因的研究中发现,同伴关系在青少年的心目中 相似文献
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以683名农村中小学生为研究对象,考察了农村中小学生吸烟饮酒行为的特点及其与亲子关系、同伴压力和学校活动卷入的关系。结果发现:(1)10.70%的农村中小学生报告曾有过吸烟行为,14.80%报告曾有过饮酒行为,不同性别和年级的农村中小学生吸烟饮酒行为差异显著,不同留守状况的农村中小学生的吸烟行为差异显著,但饮酒行为差异不显著;(2)亲子关系可以直接预测农村中小学生的吸烟饮酒行为,同伴压力和学校活动卷入在亲子关系与中小学生吸烟饮酒行为关系中发挥着部分中介作用;(3)学校活动卷入对农村中小学生吸烟饮酒行为的总效应值与亲子关系差异不大,且均大于同伴压力。提醒研究者除了关注家庭和同伴这两个影响中小学生吸烟饮酒行为的常规因素外,尤其要关注学校因素对农村中小学生群体吸烟饮酒行为的重要影响。 相似文献
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李怡 《乌鲁木齐职业大学学报》2001,10(4):50-52
本文认为青少年偏离行为在我国现阶段的社会生活中主要表现(1)理性教诲与感性体验失调,造成认知偏离;(2)超前消费,吃喝玩乐;(3)酗酒赌博;(4)不求上进,舞弊严重;(5)道德意识淡漠,损人利己.青少年偏离行为的原因既有客观的社会因素,又有个体的主观因素.要矫正青少年的社会偏离行为,既要不断提高个体的自身素质,又要净化社会环境. 相似文献
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余艳妮 《岳阳职业技术学院学报》2010,25(4):86-88
目的研究中职学校14-18岁青少年吸烟状况及相关因素,为预防和控制青少年吸烟提供可持续性依据。方法随机抽样,确定某中职学校的200名学生为调查对象．运用不记名方式问卷调查的方法,由被调查者自行在班内填写统一问卷,对填写不缺项的问卷作为有效问卷进行统计分析。结果调查结果显示：尝试吸烟人数47人,尝试吸烟率为23．5％;吸烟人数39人,吸烟率为19．5％;其中≤14岁的尝试吸烟吸烟人数为12人,≤14岁的吸烟率为6．0％。结论青少年吸烟与年龄、性别、成绩、父母亲文化水平相关,青少年控烟和禁烟行为必须从小抓起,从家庭抓起,在全社会开展控烟和禁烟的活动和宣传。不断提高青少年学生健康意识。增强自我保健意识。 相似文献
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《昆明师范高等专科学校学报》2014,(3)
采用问卷调查法和访谈法对云南和广西4所大学的女大学生吸烟现状进行调查,结果表明,女大学生吸烟的主要原因是受家庭、朋友和同学的影响,还有一部分是出于释放学习、生活的压力,以及平抚受挫折或负面情绪造成的心理创伤等.大部分女大学生对吸烟均持否定态度.提出应重视女大学生吸烟问题,开展吸烟有害健康教育,家庭、学校和社会亟需营造无烟环境,采取心理疏导和健康教育以达到控烟的目的等建议. 相似文献
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周劲松 《中学物理教学参考》2002,31(10):32-33
人民教育出版社发行的三年制初级中学教科书《物理》( 2 0 0 1年 3月第一版 )第一册第1 6 4面“大气压的变化”一节中 ,关于大气压随高度变化是这样叙述的 :“离地面越高的地方 ,空气越稀薄 ,那里的大气压强越小”,笔者认为这句话值得商榷 .教材中的表述除了说明大气压随高度的增加减小之外 ,还表明了这样一种因果关系 :离地面越高大气压越小 ,原因是因为越往高处空气越稀薄 .如果把原话稍做修改 ,则因果关系更加明显 :离地面越高的地方 ,因为空气越稀薄 ,所以那里的大气压强越小 .实际教学中 ,不少学生也都存在这样的认识 .那么 ,这种认识… 相似文献
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彭友明 《孝感职业技术学院学报》2009,12(4):40-43
目的：了解高职医学生吸烟状况和相关知识知晓情况,为开展无烟校园建设提供基线资料。方法：采用问卷调查法对1280名在校高职医学生吸烟行为进行调查。结果：调查的1280名高职医学生中男、女生吸烟率分别为14．58％、1．43％,差异有统计学意义;大三年级男生吸烟率显著高于大一、大二年级（P〈0．05）,不同生源地学生吸烟率差异无统计学意义;吸烟的主要原因是无聊空虚、消愁解闷和人际交往;大多数学生对吸烟危害健康的知晓不够。结论：应加强吸烟有害健康的宣传教育,在校园内开展控烟活动,以促进高职学生的身心健康。 相似文献
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This study examined the moderating effect of risk on the relation between autonomy processes and family and adolescent functioning. The present sample comprised 131 adolescents from either a low-risk or high-risk social context, their mothers, and their peers. Observational ratings of autonomy processes within the mother-adolescent dyad were obtained, along with adolescent reports of the quality of the mother-adolescent relationship, and both adolescent and peer reports of the adolescent's functioning. Consistent with past research, in low-risk families, behavior undermining autonomy was negatively related to relationship quality, and adolescents' expressions of autonomy were linked with positive indices of social functioning. In high-risk families, however, undermining of autonomy was positively linked with mother-adolescent relationship quality, and adolescents' expressions of autonomy were linked with negative indices of social functioning. Results are interpreted as demonstrating the ways in which the developmental task of attaining autonomy in adolescence is systematically altered depending on the level of risk and challenge in the adolescent's social context. 相似文献
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《Child abuse & neglect》2014,38(11):1840-1847
This study examined whether parents with varying degrees of child physical abuse (CPA) risk differed in pain tolerance, pain sensitivity, and accessibility of aggression-related schemata. Participants included 91 (51 low CPA risk and 40 high CPA risk) general population parents. Participants were randomly assigned to complete either an easy or a difficult anagram task. Pain tolerance and pain sensitivity were assessed using a cold pressor task. Accessibility of aggression-related schemata was assessed at the outset of the data collection session and at the end of the session using a word completion task. Parents’ self-reported negative affect was assessed three times over the course of the study: baseline, after the anagram task, and after the cold pressor task. As expected, high-risk (compared to low-risk) parents reported higher levels of negative affect at each time point. Moreover, after completing the difficult anagram task, high-risk (compared to low-risk) parents exhibited higher pain sensitivity during the cold pressor task. Following completion of the cold pressor task, high-risk (compared to low-risk) parents exhibited greater accessibility of aggression-related schemata. Collectively, these findings indicate that under certain conditions, high-risk parents experience a confluence of aggression-related risk factors (i.e., negative affect, pain sensitivity, and aggression-related information processes) that may predispose them to aggressive behavior. 相似文献
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Karen Komosa-Hawkins 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(3):393-408
In order to support at-risk adolescents in their transition to high school, a school-based mentoring program was implemented for a group of 9th and 10th grade students. Due to the need for greater clarity regarding the impact of school-based mentoring on youth outcomes, a quasi-experimental study was conducted to examine the impact of one-to-one mentoring on students’ social–emotional health. Strengths-based survey data were collected from participants at pre-intervention and post-intervention. Findings suggested that school-based mentoring is a promising practice for improving the social–emotional strengths of adolescents and/or protecting them from the risks associated with adolescence. 相似文献
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Research Findings: The current study's main aim was to implement a multifocused, community-based intervention for preventing conduct problems in preschool children. Our assumption was that the same intervention program could be delivered concomitantly as a universal prevention program for all children as well as an indicated prevention program for high-risk children selected after screening for social and emotional competencies development. We used a quasi-experimental design with a between-subjects variable (intervention vs. comparison) and a within-subjects variable (preintervention, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up). The efficacy of the intervention was assessed for high-risk children targeted by the indicated intervention as well as for moderate- and low-risk children, who received the universal intervention. Practice or Policy: First, our results demonstrate the capacity of classroom-based interventions, without added pull-out sessions, to generate significant changes in high-risk children's competencies as well as externalizing and internalizing problems. Second, similar results were found for the moderate-risk, but not the low-risk, group, and these data suggest that marginally at-risk children are the most likely to benefit from participating in universal interventions. And third, comparing data from social and emotional competence risk groups indicates that underdeveloped emotional competencies might have a prolonged negative effect on children's social skills, which increases as a function of higher risk status. 相似文献
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Associations between socio‐economic status (including school‐ and pupil‐level interactions) and student perceptions of school environment and health in English secondary schools 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nichola Shackleton Elizabeth Allen Leonardo Bevilacqua Russell Viner Chris Bonell 《British Educational Research Journal》2018,44(5):748-762
This article examines interactions between school‐level and pupil‐level measures of socio‐economic status for pupil reports of the school environment and a range of risk behaviours and health outcomes. The baseline survey for the INCLUSIVE trial provided data on pupil affluence and pupil reports of the school environment, smoking, drinking, anti‐social behaviour at school, quality of life and psychological wellbeing for over 6,000 pupils (aged 11–12 years) in 40 schools within a 1‐hour train journey from central London. The level of socio‐economic disadvantage of the school was measured using the percentage of pupils eligible for free school meals. Multilevel regression models examined the association between pupil affluence, the socio‐economic composition of the school and the interaction between these with the school environment, risk behaviours and health outcomes. Our findings provide some evidence for interactions, suggesting that less affluent pupils reported lower psychological wellbeing and quality of life in schools with more socio‐economically advantaged intakes. There appears to be a complex relationship for anti‐social behaviour. Where pupil affluence and school socio‐economic composition were discordant, pupils reported a higher number of anti‐social behaviours. This article provides further evidence that less affluent pupils are more likely to engage in a variety of risk behaviours and experience worse health outcomes when they attend schools with more socio‐economically advantaged intakes, supporting some of the mechanisms described in the theory of human functioning and school organisation. 相似文献
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Using a network analytic framework, this study introduces a new method to measure peer influence based on adolescents' affiliations or 2-mode social network data. Exposure based on affiliations is referred to as the "affiliation exposure model." This study demonstrates the methodology using data on young adolescent smoking being influenced by joint participation in school-based organized sports activities with smokers. The analytic sample consisted of 1,260 American adolescents from ages 10 to 13 in middle schools, and the results of the longitudinal regression analyses showed that adolescents were more likely to smoke as they were increasingly exposed to teammates who smoke. This study illustrates the importance of peer influence via affiliation through team sports. 相似文献
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大学生吸烟作为一种社会现象,其起因在一定程度上受到吸烟者外在环境与主观认知两方面的影响,也折射出当代大学生的生活方式、交往方式和社会心态。本文以内蒙古师范大学在校大学生为调查对象,对于在校大学生吸烟现象(主动吸烟与被动吸烟)进行了问卷调查,并对样本结论呈现出的特点进行分析,提出了采取相应措施以控制和降低在校大学生吸烟率。 相似文献
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我国成人高等教育“SWOT”分析及发展策略 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
改革开放20多年来,我国的成人高等教育对促进经济和社会发展发挥了重要作用,但目前成教事业还存在着诸多困难和不足,严重制约着成人教育的进一步发展,本引进“SWOT”分析方法,在了解优势,克服劣势、把握机会,化解威胁的基础上,对成教的内外环境进行了分析,进而提出了相关的策略。 相似文献
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Acevedo MC 《Child abuse & neglect》2000,24(1):111-127
OBJECTIVE: To assess: (1) ethnic differences in the health-risk behaviors, mental health problems, and adverse parenting beliefs during pregnancy of low-income Mexican American and European American women; and, (2) the extent to which these risks varied with levels of acculturation among low-income Mexican American women. METHOD: Participants were 594 primiparous, low-income, urban women. A cross-sectional design was used to compare the 331 Mexican American women to the 263 European American. Language was used to assess the level of acculturation of the Mexican American women. Interviews were used to evaluate health-risk behaviors, mental health problems, and adverse parenting beliefs. RESULTS: In comparison to European American women, Mexican American women were at lower risk for cigarette smoking during pregnancy and higher risk for adverse parenting beliefs. Among Mexican American women, Spanish speakers were at lower risk for cigarette smoking and mental health problems during pregnancy, and higher risk for adverse parenting beliefs than bilingual and English speakers. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that ethnic differences in cigarette smoking and parenting beliefs during pregnancy were concentrated on the less acculturated, low-income, and primarily unmarried Spanish speaking Mexican American women. Moreover, acculturation is differentially related to cigarette smoking and parenting beliefs. Therefore, acculturation needs to be considered in the development of preventive interventions in order to appropriately target the specific needs of different sub-populations of Mexican Americans. 相似文献