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1.
薄弱学校建设对我国义务教育均衡发展至关重要。美国"人才流动激励"(TTI)政策遵从"自下而上"的设计理念,基于薄弱学校实际需求和教师自愿的原则,实现"输入校"和"输出校"之间的供求匹配。我国城市薄弱学校的改进,需要进一步规范教师流动政策:明确"输入校"和"输出校"的划分标准,规范流动教师的能力要求;以薄弱学校的需求和教师发展为本,自下而上制订流动计划,明确教师流动的程序规范和实质规范,重视对高质量教师的流动激励;构建校际间或区域网络研修平台,构建各种形式的教师流动支持体系,加强教师之间及校际间交流;完善流动教师评价制度,加强教师流动实效的追踪研究。 相似文献
2.
薄弱学校建设对我国义务教育均衡发展至关重要。美国"人才流动激励"(TTI)政策遵从"自下而上"的设计理念,基于薄弱学校实际需求和教师自愿的原则,实现"输入校"和"输出校"之间的供求匹配。我国城市薄弱学校的改进,需要进一步规范教师流动政策:明确"输入校"和"输出校"的划分标准,规范流动教师的能力要求;以薄弱学校的需求和教师发展为本,自下而上制订流动计划,明确教师流动的程序规范和实质规范,重视对高质量教师的流动激励;构建校际间或区域网络研修平台,构建各种形式的教师流动支持体系,加强教师之间及校际间交流;完善流动教师评价制度,加强教师流动实效的追踪研究。 相似文献
3.
由美国KIPP学校的教师管理案例,引发对中美薄弱学校教师发展的思路比较,从微观、中观、宏观层面分别剖析,充分发挥政府驱动作用,探析薄弱学校教师整体发展的路径。然后,基于"决策人"的人性管理视角,为政府提供一种自上而下、自下而上相结合的引领薄弱学校教师整体优化的策略。 相似文献
4.
优质、稳定的教师队伍是学生学习的保障,美国为应对教师流失付出了沉重的代价。以芝加哥公立学校为代表,从学校管理层面的研究发现:影响教师流失的因素可归为学校结构、教师自身特点、学生特点和工作氛围4个维度。学校要稳定教师队伍提供有质量的教师,需加强对新任教师引导项目的投入和关注;创建良好的工作氛围以吸引教师留下;协助教师提升课堂管理能力等。这对于目前我国学校如何保证优质、稳定的教师队伍有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
5.
城市教师驻校模式是当前美国教育改革中新出现的一种教师培养模式,是在美国传统的教师教育模式发展无力和美国教师结构短缺现状的背景下应运而生的。这是一种职前职后一体化的教师培养模式,实施过程包括计划的组织和管理、驻校生的招录、教学点和指导教师的选拔、驻校期培养、驻校毕业生的安置以及新教师的入职指导六个部分。它为城市薄弱学校招聘、培养和留住优秀教师提供了一条有效途径。 相似文献
6.
轮岗教师专业引领指凭借轮岗教师的专业领导力,引领帮扶学校教育理念、课程教学以及教育科研的变革,以促进帮扶学校教师专业发展,培育帮扶学校内生性发展力量,实现薄弱学校精准脱贫。这与旨在从根源上帮助贫困对象脱贫并阻断贫困代际传递的教育精准扶贫理念相契合。然而,在教育实践中,轮岗教师专业引领却遭遇了轮岗教师观念失衡与专业引领胜任力不足,帮扶学校支持性环境与内生性力量缺失,管理部门信息交流平台缺失与制度性保障不到位的困境。化解轮岗教师专业引领困境,需要关注轮岗教师能力精进和角色认同,重建帮扶学校自我变革的主体角色,完善政策导引与制度设计,精准推进轮岗扶贫实践。 相似文献
7.
进入二十一世纪,为了有效应对经济发展对劳动力提出的新要求,各国纷纷确立了以提高教师质量为核心的教育法案或政策。美国2002年颁布的《不让一个儿童落伍》（“No Child Left Behind”,简称“NCLB”）中,提出培养“高质量的教师”（Highly Qualified Teachers）,并通过拨款的方式资助一系列项目,从教师职前培养和教师在职持续发展方面实现每位学生受教于“高质量教师”的目标;澳大利亚联邦教育、科学与培训部先后发布了《二十一世纪的教师——联邦政府教师质量行动》、《联邦高质量的教师计划——2003年行动纲领》和《澳大利亚教师专业标准国家框架》,来提高教师的质量。基于对这些法案或政策的分析,以期获得有益的启示。 相似文献
8.
从教师总量看,美国中小学教师需求与供给矛盾突出,中小学教师严重短缺.这一短缺反映到区域、人群和学科维度,表现出不同的特征.城区学校和农村学校教师吸引与留住困难,少数民族学生、贫困学生、低学业成就学生集中的学校教师严重不足,特殊教育、双语教育、数学和科学教师空缺严重.为了缓解中小学教师短缺,美国各州和学区尝试了替代认证、财政激励、入职培训和指导等一系列策略,取得了一定的成效.在此基础上,对美国中小学教师短缺问题和美国缓解中小学教师短缺的策略进行反思,从而为我国在教师吸引、留住和发展方面提供有益借鉴与经验教训. 相似文献
9.
柳国辉 《集美大学学报(教育科学版》2014,(3):1-5
教师绩效评价与专业发展是中小学人力资源管理的关键要素。美国将教师绩效评价政策作为学校问责与教师质量保证的重要组成部分,各州已经开发并实施各种教师绩效评价政策。例如,美国北卡罗莱纳州教师绩效评价政策的出发点在于促进与支持有效的学校领导、教学质量和学生学习成就。北卡罗莱纳州教师绩效评价体系涉及到评价目标、评价标准和评价过程,该州教师绩效评价政策为教师专业发展提供了新的范式,值得我们学习和借鉴。 相似文献
10.
2006年5月9日,美国教师迎来了今年的全国教师节。今年教师节的主题是“好教师带来好学校”,以强调教师对于确保每个孩子接受高质量公共教育的重要作用。美国政府声称“有效教师”对学校质量至关重要。有关研究也表明,教师质量对学生成就的影响比学校内任何其他因素都更为重要。美国《不让一个孩子掉队法》要求到2005-2006学年每个班级都必须拥有“高质量教师”,让所有的学生都成功。在这种背景下,教师供给、教师质量、教师专业成长受到前所未有的关注。[第一段] 相似文献
11.
Rebecca Allen 《牛津教育评论》2018,44(4):441-458
Gaps between the educational attainment of pupils from higher and lower income families are widespread and persistent. Teacher quality is amongst the most important school-based determinants of pupil attainment, making the allocation of teachers to pupils a potentially important reason for this attainment gap. We use a range of well-evidenced indicators of teacher quality from the School Workforce Census and the Teaching and Learning International Survey to investigate the extent of social inequalities in access to teacher quality in England. Looking at the allocation of teachers between schools, we find that disadvantaged pupils are more likely to have unqualified, inexperienced or out-of-subject teachers. We present evidence that this reflects both demand from early-career teachers to work in such schools and a greater supply of vacant positions in these schools, due to poor staff retention. We find some evidence of an inequitable allocation of teacher quality to classes within schools, though this is limited to our teacher experience indicator. This is in part due to teachers with more experience at a specific school being better able to influence their allocation to less disadvantaged classes. Implications for policy are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Yvonne Leckey Lynda Hyland Gráinne Hickey Anne Lodge Paul Kelly Tracey Bywater 《Irish Educational Studies》2016,35(1):35-55
Inappropriate, aggressive and disruptive behaviour in the classroom can be detrimental to child and teacher well-being. This study involved a longer-term evaluation of the Incredible Years Teacher [Classroom Management] programme (IYTP) undertaken mainly within disadvantaged schools in south-west Ireland. The IYTP is designed to strengthen teacher classroom management competencies. Eleven teachers, who had previously participated in a group-randomised control trial (RCT), took part in a 12-month post-baseline follow-up assessment. Psychometric and observational measures were administered to assess teachers when interacting with children (n?=?217) in their classes. Qualitative data were collected from a sub-sample of teachers to explore their perceptions of programme impact and utility. The quantitative results showed some significant improvements in teachers’ classroom management, although few changes were recorded on teacher-child observation measures. Qualitative findings indicated continued implementation of proactive disciplining strategies and higher levels of teacher self-efficacy. These results suggest, albeit tentatively in view of the study limitations, that the IYTP can benefit teacher classroom management, as well as teacher well-being, particularly within disadvantaged schools where behavioural problems tend to be more prevalent. The IYTP could prove useful in improving teacher competencies and the classroom environment in the longer term, although a need for further research is indicated. 相似文献
13.
We evaluate whether the placement of Teach First's inexperienced new teachers into secondary schools with recruitment difficulties in disadvantaged areas in England has raised or lowered pupil attainment at the age of 16. Our matched difference‐in‐difference panel estimation approach compares the experiences of 168 schools participating early on in the scheme to those in the same region who will go on to participate in later years. We find the programme has not been damaging to these schools who joined and most likely produced school‐wide gains in GCSE results of around one grade in one of the pupils’ best eight subjects. Similarly, we estimate departmental gains of over 5% of a subject grade resulting from placing a Teach First participant in a teaching team of six teachers. The estimation approach cannot assert whether these gains arise solely through the greater teaching quality of Teach First participants compared to those they displace, or whether spillovers raise standards across the department or somehow change the ethos within the school. 相似文献
14.
This article reports on a study of teacher and principal attitudes to newly mandated teacher standards in Australia. The qualitative study of 36 teachers and principals was conducted over 12 months as the new educators in five schools completed a mandatory teacher probation process framed by the teacher standards. The study found positive attitudes to teacher standards from both teachers and principals. Contextual reasons, including teacher ownership over the standards and their implementation, are discussed as possible reasons for the positive manner in which the participants in the study received these new standards for teachers. 相似文献
15.
Sandra Brenneman Oldendorf 《Teaching Education》2013,24(2):119-124
Many teacher education programs in the United States (US) face increasing demands to better prepare teachers for entry into and retention in urban schools. Through a US Department of Education grant, a university–school partnership was formed to develop a community‐based model of teacher preparation that placed pre‐service teachers in urban schools for a full year. Based on questionnaires and interviews with university teacher education faculty, and both pre‐service and novice classroom teachers who took their first jobs in urban schools, this research considers the common concerns and disparate roles that the three groups considered paramount in preparing new teachers for urban schools. 相似文献
16.
Prawit Erawan 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2008,28(2):161-176
This participatory action research project responded to the needs for educational reform and involved cooperation between Mahasarakham Municipality, which provided primary school education, and the Faculty of Education at Mahasarakham University, which played a role as academic mentor. The project aimed to improve the quality of education management by empowering teachers. In order to do so the school had to admit restricted opportunity students rather than well qualified ones. The project, which was divided into four phases, took place between 2000 and 2005. It studied collaboration between the teaching staff of the Faculty of Education who worked as academic mentors and a group of 160 teachers at seven municipal schools. In Phase 1 the emphasis was on the development of 40 model teachers from these seven schools, giving them the skills to design curricula, promote learner-centred instruction, and undertake classroom action research for problem solving. In Phase 2 this developmental activity was extended to all 160 teachers. In Phase 3 the emphasis was on the extension of teacher networks to exchange learning among these schools and to develop best practices. In Phase 4 the emphasis was on developing the curricular management system in each school to ensure and enhance quality and in order that teachers could meet national teaching standards. This would promote a positive attitude and enhance the confidence of the parents and the community in the schools because the teachers would be as qualified as those from successful government schools. The interventions used in the four phases were: workshop training, coaching, learning exchanges, clinical supervisory visits, and reflection. The results of the research and development had a positive impact on raising the quality of teaching and the curriculum in the schools and promoted educational opportunities for disadvantaged students. 相似文献
17.
Yuan Guilin 《Chinese Education & Society》2018,51(2):133-142
AbstractGiven that education quality has long lagged behind in China’s rural schools, one-way “partner assistance” no longer conforms to the new situation of integrated urban-rural governance and the equalization of public services. Only two-way “exchange and rotation” with full participation can truly support schools and teachers in disadvantaged areas. All teachers should participate in exchange and rotation to ensure a balanced allocation of resources and achieve equity in education. Achieving the goal of two-way exchange and rotation for both urban and rural areas requires scientific decision-making and step-by-step promotion. Moreover, prejudice and discrimination must be eliminated. Various supporting measures should also be included, such as guaranteeing the equitable and rational primary allocation of education resources, and addressing the issues of teacher transportation, housing, and children’s education. Other supporting measures include encouraging more diverse teachers to participate in exchange and rotation, and shifting the management center of gravity downward. 相似文献
18.
This study explores the perceptions held by nine mentor teachers from four Australian secondary schools about the impact they have on pre-service teachers during professional placement. Using Fraser’s (2000, 2005, 2008) social justice framework as a theoretical lens, this paper examines what can be learnt from these teacher mentors about mentoring in disadvantaged school contexts. These mentor teachers felt their most significant impact was in shaping pre-service teachers’ awareness and responsiveness to contextual factors so that they could not only fulfil professional experience requirements, but also be better prepared for potential future teaching opportunities in disadvantaged school contexts. 相似文献
19.
美国一向把科学教育看做提高国家竞争力的重要基础,高度关注科学教师的质量。建立专业标准是提高教师质量的基础和前提。联邦政府在长期支持"国家教学专业标准委员会"建立优秀科学教学专业标准并认证优秀科学教师的基础上,近年又在教育发展战略上强调"只有优秀的教师才能培养优秀的学生,高素质的教师队伍是保证教育质量的关键",并从政策上和经费投入上提出"投资卓越教学",推广优秀科学教师实践,借以加强科学教师队伍建设,进而促进整个教育质量提高。本文旨在解读分析美国"国家教学专业标准委员会"开发的优秀科学教师专业标准的准则、内容、特点,从而为我国试行教师专业标准提供可资借鉴的经验。 相似文献
20.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(5):319-326
ABSTRACT The authors explored the moderating effect of teachers’ expectancies and general sense of efficacy on the relationship between students’ achievement and their cognitive engagement and achievement 1 year later. They used hierarchical linear modeling with a longitudinal sample of 79 mathematics teachers and their 1,364 secondary school students coming from 33 schools serving disadvantaged communities in Québec (Canada). Results indicate that teachers’ self-reported beliefs directly influenced student academic experience. However, they did not influence more importantly low-achieving than high-achieving students. Such findings suggest that in schools serving low socioeconomic status students, teachers should be made aware of the role their attitudes can play on students’ cognitive engagement and achievement. Special efforts should also be made to help them develop positive attitudes toward all students. 相似文献