共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 324 毫秒
1.
最近,美国智力与发展障碍协会（AAIDD）推出了2010年版的《智力障碍定义、分类与支持体系手册》。自1908年Tredgrod最初提出智力落后定义到目前第11版的定义为止,智力落后定义已经走过了百年的历史。本文梳理智力落后定义的百年演变过程,重点对AAIDD第5版以后的智力落后定义进行了评析,并分析了智力落后定义演变的特点与新趋向。 相似文献
2.
再论智力障碍概念的演化及其实践意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
20年来智力障碍定义发生了重要的演变。第一次转变是从1983年的定义系统转变为1992年的定义系统,这次转变是将智力障碍从一个人的固有特性转变为一个人能力与环境相互作用的功能状态;并提出了按支持程度分类的新系统;第二次转变是在第一次转变基础上继续强调从5个维度来为智力障碍者提供支持,提供个人功能状态,最终提高他们的生活质量。智力障碍定义的演化改变了人们智力障碍的观念,对智力障碍的分类系统、教育和成人康复实践产生了重要影响。 相似文献
3.
"智力障碍"定义的新演化--以"功能"、"支持"与"生活质量"为导向的新趋势 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
本文从我国使用的智力障碍定义的来源 ,分析了从 1992年到 2 0 0 2年以来的智力障碍定义的演化过程 ,比较了美国智力障碍协会 (AAMR)智力障碍定义 1992系统与 2 0 0 2系统之间联系与区别 ,认为 1992年以来的 10年关于智力障碍的定义演变过程中 ,智力障碍的定义的内涵中保持了一个值得注意的连续性 ,这就是“功能”、“支持”和“生活质量”三者之间的内在联系。本文通过阐述这三个概念以及关系 ,表达了 2 1世纪国际智力障碍特殊教育及相关服务中的一种值得注意的趋势 ,认为这种趋势也将对我国特殊教育走向产生重要影响 相似文献
4.
AAMR 2002智力落后定义评析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
美国智力落后协会(AAMR)于2002年再次修订了1992年第9版的定义,形成了新的第10版的定义。该定义在原有的基础上赋予智力落后新的变化和内涵,也是对最近10年该领域研究成果的一个总结。本文主要回顾了协会智力落后定义的演变以及对2002年的智力落后定义的起因、主要内容、理论模式、特点等方面进行了评析。 相似文献
5.
蔡林 《安顺师范高等专科学校学报》2006,8(3):40-44
"人人为健康,健康为人人",健康影响着整个人群,家庭和社会,对于智力障碍者来说健康教育的开展更是其教育、康复的一种形式,特别是心理健康教育和性健康教育.总结国内外经验,健康教育提高了智力障碍学生的健康行为以及其选择健康行为的主动性,提高了智力障碍学生的健康水平等.同时,通过相关的健康促进,借助社会、家庭这一支持系统的力量,使健康教育的效果得到加强. 相似文献
6.
文章通过对我国智力障碍儿童心理发展的研究,指出了认识智力障碍儿童的本质特征为"低龄化"倾向,这对于提高特殊教育的有效性和相关途径具有积极意义. 相似文献
7.
上海市普及智力障碍儿童高中阶段教育的必要性与可行性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
上海地区智力障碍儿童高中阶段教育存在普及率低、发展不均衡等问题.为了满足智力障碍儿童发展的需要,促进教育均衡发展,顺应特殊教育的发展趋势,上海应尽快普及智力障碍儿童高中阶段教育.上海市政府重视特殊教育的发展,而且对特殊教育的经费投入较大,从而使普及智力障碍儿童高中阶段教育成为可能.文章最后还提出了上海如何普及智力障碍儿童高中阶段教育的基本设想. 相似文献
8.
智力理论的最近发展与演变 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文在回顾20世纪80年代以来智力理论最新发展的基础上,分析了智力理论发展和演变的趋势,即:依然占据优势地位的传统智力理论,占据主流地位的三大新兴智力理论以及占据一席之地的其他智力理论;探讨了最新智力理论发展的启示,展望了未来智力理论发展的方向. 相似文献
9.
戴维·韦克斯勒是美国当代著名心理学家。本文从三方面评介韦克斯勒智力心理思想。⑴智力定义。韦克斯勒的智力定义,不仅整合了前期的各家之言,而且为后续研究创建了新的平台。⑵智力量表。韦克斯勒智力量表包括幼儿、儿童和成人3个量表。每个量表得出3个智商。⑶智力分数。韦克斯勒提出的离差智商,是迄今为止最为理想的智力分数形式。 相似文献
10.
“人人为健康,健康为人人”,健康影响着整个人群,家庭和社会,对于智力障碍者来说健康教育的开展更是其教育、康复的一种形式,特别是心理健康教育和性健康教育。总结国内外经验,健康教育提高了智力障碍学生的健康行为以及其选择健康行为的主动性,提高了智力障碍学生的健康水平等。同时,通过相关的健康促进,借助社会、家庭这一支持系统的力量,使健康教育的效果得到加强。 相似文献
11.
Don D. McMahon David F. Cihak Rachel E. Wright Sherry Mee Bell 《Journal of Research on Technology in Education》2016,48(1):38-56
The purpose of this study was to examine the use of an emerging technology called augmented reality to teach science vocabulary words to college students with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. One student with autism and three students with an intellectual disability participated in a multiple probe across behaviors (i.e., acquisition of science vocabulary words) design. Data were collected on each student's ability to define and label three sets of science vocabulary words (i.e., bones, organs, and plant cells). The results indicate that all students acquired definition and labeling knowledge for the new science vocabulary terms. Results are discussed in the context of applying universal design principles with emerging technologies to create authentic opportunities for students with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders to learn science vocabulary. (Keywords: augmented reality, autism, intellectual disability, science vocabulary, universal design for learning) 相似文献
12.
A modified system of least intrusive prompting was used to teach middle school students with moderate intellectual disability who were emergent readers to comprehend short passages of text. Text passages were summaries of the chapters of age-appropriate novels rewritten for a beginning reading level. Time delay was used to teach the participants to pair WH words to their definition. A modified system of least intrusive prompting was used to teach strategies for answering comprehension questions. All participants improved the number of correct responses for both rules definitions and comprehension responses from baseline to intervention. Additionally, probes collected during the session prior to the introduction of a new book indicated comprehension skills generalized to new untaught books. 相似文献
13.
This study investigated the influence of the support services on the test anxiety of students and/or their ability to submit assignments in each of the two disability groups, those with vision impairment and those with intellectual disability, who were placed in specialist and mainstream educational settings in South Australia. Interviews were conducted with 14 students with vision impairment and 9 students with intellectual disability, as well as a total of 10 parents and 8 teachers. The findings unfolded that the support services were found to influence positively the test anxiety experienced by students with vision impairment and/or their ability to submit assignments, but appeared to help students with intellectual disability to a much smaller extent. These findings have implications for mainstream teachers and school support staff working with students with vision impairment and those with intellectual disability, to determine what type and kind of support works for these students and helps them to alleviate their test anxieties. 相似文献
14.
Leanne Dowse 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2009,9(3):141-153
This paper introduces key debates in the contemporary practice of disability research and examines how these apply to conceptualising, designing and conducting research with people with intellectual disability. Specifically, it describes a collaborative action‐oriented reflexive approach to researching the lived experience of people with intellectual disability in self‐advocacy, offering a ‘reflective reprocessing’ of the methodological traditions, decisions, complexities and inadequacies of approaches to researching with such people. Emphasis on mutuality and the co‐construction of research agendas, interpretative frames and meanings is a method that has rarely been seen in research practice in intellectual disability. The approach described enables a merging of the skills of the ‘researcher’ and the ‘researched’ to create a process of integrated inquiry and reflection. It promises the possibility of new forms of co‐produced social knowledge about intellectual disability and self‐advocacy, with explicitly emancipatory values and assumptions. 相似文献
15.
This paper reports on a small-scale project undertaken with tertiary students who identified as having an impairment either at enrolment or by registering with the university's Disability Support Unit (DSU). The aim of the study was to explore with these students ways in which the university was currently meeting their academic support needs and the ways in which these needs might be better met. Consistent with the definition of disability within the Australian Disability Discrimination Act, it became apparent that a significant number of students who identified with that definition, or sought help from disability services, also presented with needs arising from chronic illness. The majority of participants cited an emotional or psychological illness, rather than a physical, intellectual or sensory one, as a possible precursor to difficulties in engagement with the university. We conclude by considering whether commonly used institutional categories are apposite to an understanding of the ways in which students perceive themselves and, importantly, their engagement with the university and success within it. 相似文献
16.
Deirdre A. Brown Charlie N. Lewis 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2013,60(1):3-17
This study examines mock jurors’ perceptions of a young witness according to whether or not he was described as having an intellectual disability. Our study examined perceptions of a child witness younger (five or seven years) than previously studied. Mock jurors (n = 71) viewed a short video excerpt of a boy recalling a personally experienced event, and then rated him across nine domains of eyewitness ability. The boy was described as either having an intellectual disability or typically developing. Participants rated the child more negatively on dimensions relating to cognitive competence, but not trustworthiness, when he was presented as having an intellectual disability. Participants also watched the child answer a series of suggestive questions; when described as having an intellectual disability he was rated as less accurate in responding to these. The findings have implications for the involvement of children with intellectual disabilities within the legal system. 相似文献
17.
Christine Baxter Robert A. Cummins Steven Polak 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1995,42(2):125-136
Parental stress attributed to both a child with an intellectual disability and their youngest child without a disability was examined over a seven year period. Stress and support were also examined in relation to the life stages of disability diagnosis, starting school and completing school. Stress attributed to the child with a disability was greater than stress attributed to the youngest child without a disability and remained high over the seven year period, however, an increased level of stress was attributed to the child without a disability. In terms of life stages, diagnosis of intellectual disability in a child remained as the most stress‐inducing of the life events included in the study, however, most parents had also experienced heightened stress at the time their child started school, and also during the transition from school to work. The support parents found most helpful reflected their changing focus of worry over time. The implications and limitations of this study arc discussed. 相似文献
18.
Meredith Rawlings Leanne Dowse Anthony Shaddock 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1995,42(2):137-153
This paper describes a participant observation approach to exploring choice making by people with an intellectual disability in three different home settings‐‐a private family home, a community group home and an independent living situation. It identifies some of the factors which affect choice making, including experience at making choices, routines, the role of support people, and communication. The paper illustrates these factors with examples from the different settings. Finally, it provides practical suggestions for service providers to increase the involvement of people with an intellectual disability in choice making situations. 相似文献
19.
Paul Bramston Karen Bruggerman Grace Pretty 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2002,49(4):385-397
Community integration has increasingly become the focus of research and practice in the field of intellectual disability. Recent research has demonstrated that community integration needs to be more than simply living within a community, people need to use the community and feel like they belong. This study pioneers the use of a sense of community measure to better understand the degree to which feelings of belonging are associated with quality of life. One hundred and thirty two students from both urban and rural schools participated in this study. Half of them had an intellectual disability and the remainder were matched peers without a disability. Life satisfaction scores for adolescents with an intellectual disability were found to correlate significantly with reported levels of activity, friends and support in the neighbourhood. People with an intellectual disability reported lower usage of some community facilities and significantly lower social belonging and empowerment than their matched nondisabled peers. The groups did not differ significantly on the sense of community measure and the above patterns were true for both urban centres and rural towns. 相似文献