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1.
20世纪后期以来,城市贫困随着城市化过程快速发展,形成了"新城市贫困"现象.这一社会问题已不能仅仅归咎于行政失败或制度性后果,而是有其结构性的成因,与城市化过程、城市格局变迁,以及现有的经济增长方式、社会发展方式、文化形态等有着更为深层的联系.城市贫困的结构性现象提示我们,常规性的治理方式难以使之根本改观,我们需要更为积极的、坚韧的和创新的政策思路,长期应对城市贫困问题. 相似文献
2.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(1):95-112
Abstract This article focuses on decentralisation of financial control as a strategy used to develop school-based management (SBM) and improve performance. SBM is a management mechanism aimed at improving schools by shifting decision-making powers regarding the budget from the central level to the schools (Raywind 1990, 142). The article examines the role of the state in decentralisation by exploring the current South African education policy on this aspect of educational reform as expressed through the Norms and standards for school funding (RSA 1998). The policy was designed in response to the demands for educational reform and restructuring initiatives. A common feature in the implementation of this policy is the devolution of decisionmaking authority over the management of resources to schools. This includes devolution of state-allocated budgets and delegation of financial management responsibilities to school-based financial management structures through the district as a primary education service delivery system for the state. To assist both the district and the school in carrying out their responsibilities, a model for school-based financial management is presented in this article. 相似文献
3.
This qualitative study examines how an “international” high school in New York City responds to the needs of refugee students. It asks: What are the specific academic needs of secondary-level refugee students? How does one school meet their needs, and what challenges are encountered? To complement one-on-one semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, this qualitative study also entailed a participatory visual methodology through which students were provided digital or disposable cameras and asked to take photographs of the people, places and/or things that contributed to their schooling experiences. The exercise and resulting images provided students and researchers with a creative way to shape the project and address emerging issues. The findings document key school-based factors that contribute to academic inclusion of refugee and asylee students, including: educator support, care and encouragement; linguistic support from teachers; learner-centered pedagogical approaches; and flexible and responsive curricular approaches and assessment strategies. Refugees are generally grouped with other immigrants, with insufficient attention to their unique experiences and needs and thus inadequate services for refugee children. The findings from this study will help to remedy this gap and yield important insights regarding how to improve schooling for vulnerable populations in urban settings.
相似文献4.
Since the publication of A Nation at Risk, some scholars have argued that a national curriculum and national testing are necessary to hold school personnel accountable for student achievement and, ultimately, to raise educational standards. The idea of developing a nationwide curriculum has been widely debated in the United States, where the traditions of local control and state responsibility are dominant. Thus, this article examines the relevance and feasibility of a uniform curriculum in physical education. A core curriculum for physical education has the potential to provide clear goals, coherent instructional guidelines, and relevant assessments aligned with designated program outcomes. A more advanced curricula framework with clear guidance for P-12 curricula and pedagogical practices could promote system-wide changes in school-based physical education. In contrast, the adoption of an overly rigid national curriculum would create a stifling educational context where cultural differences and local flexibility are not allowed. 相似文献
5.
How evident is democracy within education in Japan, and is current practice different from elsewhere? This paper assesses the perception that Japanese political and educational practices are not fully 'democratic'. The first part examines the Japanese perspective on democracy, and then considers democracy and education in Japan. From a school-based study, the second part discusses examples of class practice concerning decision-making. The paper concludes that democracy is deeply rooted in Japanese history, but not in a form that is readily recognisable to Western observers. Consensus has been more significant than voting. The view that the US administration had a strong influence probably reflects policy rhetoric, not the reality in schools. But this rhetoric may have led to a belief that 'democracy' is not an appropriate term within contemporary Japanese education. However, what happens in Japanese classrooms equates with 'democratic' practice elsewhere. 相似文献
6.
Kara Jackson 《学习科学杂志》2013,22(1):111-150
This article reports on an ethnographic study of a 10-year-old's pursuit of school-based mathematics across school and home to suggest that participating in school-based mathematics is a cross-setting phenomenon in at least 2 ways. First, I illustrate how accomplishing school-based mathematics literally extends into the home and how individuals recruit resources from their histories of participation in alternative settings to accomplish the work of school-based mathematics. Second, I show how a youth's social identification in the classroom is shaped by his teacher's partial accounts of how learning is arranged for in the home. Approaching participation in school-based mathematics as a cross-setting phenomenon illustrates the complexity inherent in participating in schooling and raises questions about how to coordinate schooling across school and home settings. 相似文献
7.
School-based comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) programmes play an important role in reducing young people’s sexual risk behaviour and promoting health and well-being. There is limited evidence regarding the attitudes and beliefs of parents towards the implementation of school-based CSE programmes in Islamic cultural settings, including Oman, which this mixed-method study set out to explore. A convenience sample of 250 parents, with equal numbers of mothers and fathers of children aged 12–14 years (grades 7–9) at two urban public pre-secondary schools in Saham, completed a paper-based self-administered questionnaire in Arabic. We found most parents (72.8%) supported school-based CSE programmes that conformed to Islamic requirements of pre-marital sexual abstinence, but there was some opposition. Almost all parents supported comprehensive age-appropriate CSE being taught to students aged 10–15 years, including topics perceived as controversial in Omani culture, except for birth control and safer sex. Most parents considered themselves, school teachers and school nurses to be important sources of CSE. The study findings which suggest strong parental support for CSE programmes can facilitate education policy, CSE curriculum decision-makers and school healthcare-providers in Oman, other Middle Eastern countries, and countries with Muslim immigrant populations. 相似文献
8.
吴卫明 《襄樊职业技术学院学报》2005,4(2):133-135
作为课程改革的一部分,校本课程同地方课程、国家课程一道受到普遍的关注。各特殊教育学校在遵从新课标的指导思想下,纷纷构建符合学校实际的校本课程体系,但由于受多年来传统特殊教育教学习惯模式的影响,校本课程中仍存在许多值得商榷的地方。这突出反映在各校对课改大环境下的新教育理念理解不到位,对新学生观认识程度不够。因此。特殊教育学校在进行校本课程建设及改革时,有必要对教育的对象、“缺陷补偿原则”、校本课程编写指导思想进行重新认识与定位。 相似文献
9.
ABSTRACTAmplified by a global political climate of fear, oppression, and increased nationalism, this article examines how U.S. secondary students in a digital media elective course used multimodal composition, and video production in particular, as a nexus of ‘participatory politics.’ By partnering theories of multiliterate expression with youth civic engagement, it offers new understandings into how urban youth use digital media production to leverage school-based social action. Refracted through a mediated discourse analysis lens, and with a particular focus on sound as a modal resource for design, findings suggest that youth used media production and semiotic sense-making to simultaneously enliven community action as well as shield students from personal histories of trauma. By engaging in the process of digital media production, as this article suggests, students cultivated new core practices of civic interaction and local engagement by amplifying injustice. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACTGeneralizability Theory (GT) offers several advantages relevant to educational contexts, including the fact that it can be used to estimate multiple sources of variance (e.g., raters, forms) simultaneously and to derive coefficients for the purposes of both relative and absolute decision making. Although GT has been increasingly applied in recent years to assessment data in K–12 school settings, analysis and critique of its application has not yet taken place. The goals of the current article were therefore to (1) undertake a systematic review of the school-based assessment literature in order to identify relevant applications of this statistical framework and (2) assess the degree of consistency between methodological recommendations for use of GT and reporting practices within this literature. In addition to describing the current state of this literature, suggestions for strengthening future applications are provided. 相似文献
11.
Hilary Horn Ratner Erika London Bocknek Anna G. Miller Sharon L. Elliott Beverly Weathington 《Teacher Development》2018,22(3):427-446
The current paper describes an urban university-anchored but community-based consortium of early childhood centers and community partners in a large Midwestern US city. The goal of the Consortium is to provide professional development opportunities that include networking, coaching, and collaboration as part of a community of practice (CoP) intended to improve program quality. Our findings suggest that early childhood center directors who are part of the Consortium describe benefits consistent with a CoP, specifically in terms of connection, resources, and community. Our findings also show that sense of community is associated with deeper engagement with the Consortium and program quality rating of the member center. Implications of the findings for future practice, especially in urban settings, are discussed. 相似文献
12.
论国家课程的校本化实施 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Xu Yuzhen professor Ped.D.and doctoral supervisor at the College of Education Capital Normal University 《教育研究》2008,(2)
国家课程的校本化实施不仅适合我国新课程改革的特点和需要,也符合我们对学校作为一个学习型组织、教师作为一个专业工作者的教育假定。校本化课程实施是课程实施本性上的二元特征决定的,也是新课程改革本身的性质和特点决定的。校本化课程实施可以化解新课程改革的"实验—推广"模式自身的问题,新课程改革为校本化课程实施提供了较为广阔的空间。校本化课程实施需要的条件包括:在国家层面上,国家课程要给校本化课程实施留下空间和余地;地方政府需要为学校的校本化课程实施提供政策、资源和科研等的支持、扶持和协助;学校需要具备校本化课程实施的能力和文化氛围。 相似文献
13.
随着正念在全球的普及,有关正念的研究和应用逐渐被人们专注,其中对青少年的正念干预多涉及在学校环境中对学生群体的研究.本文系统地回顾了在学校环境中正念应用的研究现状,包括正念干预对青少年有何效果,在学校开展的正念干预有哪些形式等,并进一步探讨现有正念干预研究的局限性,为未来的研究与应用提供参考. 相似文献
14.
Emily Meadows 《American journal of sexuality education》2018,13(3):297-309
ABSTRACTThis paper offers a review of school-based sexuality and relationship education as it relates to gender and sexual minority (GSM) students. Framed by a queer theory lens, the paper examines four main topics: (a) sexual health and relationship risks for GSM youth, (b) comprehensive school-based sexuality education as a protective factor for sexual health and relationship risks, (c) the current availability of relevant sexuality education for GSM students in the United States, and (d) inclusive schools as a social determinant of health. The author advocates for health equity, and offers suggestions for inclusive, comprehensive sexuality and relationship education to provide relevant, accurate, positive information for all students. 相似文献
15.
Many students enroll in video production courses in high school as part of a vocational, career, or technical program. While there has been an explosion of scholarly work in digital literacy in informal settings, less is known about how digital and media literacy competencies are developed through school-based video production courses. This study explores the relationship between civic engagement and the various multimedia instructional practices used in a high school video production course with a single-school convenience sample and an ethnically diverse population of students. Findings reveal that the best predictors of the intent to participate in civic engagement are having positive attitudes about news, current events, reporting, and journalism. Media literacy attitudes and a range of in-classroom learning experiences with video production are also associated with civic engagement. 相似文献
16.
Schinke SP 《Social work in education》1982,4(2):34-42
Social workers in the schools can take positive and immediate action to address teenage pregnancy through the use of interventive models that help teenagers avoid the risk of unwanted pregnancy. The present article describes and empirically supports 1 such school-based model. The author 1st delineates the major problems associated with teenage pregnancy and then relates the preventive model to prior research and details its implementation in school settings. A discussion of reslults from the model's field evaluation is followed with implications for school social workers. The model reported here is directed to all adolescents rather than focusing on a "high-risk" population. The risk of pregnancy is assumed to be a normal part of adolescent development. Grounded in an intterpersonal conceptualization of teenage pregnancy and in related empirical research, the school-based model helps young men and women acquire the requisite skills for preventing unwanted pregnancy. The program requires school social workers to meet with 12-18 teenage students of both sexes and to provide them with basic information on human sexuality, reproduction and contraception. These topics are covered by lectures, demostrations, discussion and audiovisual presentations. Through instruction, feedback and reinforcement, student learn how to talk about sensitive topics, stand up for their rights and be convincing and effective when carrying out decisions. Homework assignments are designed to develop the students'skills in interactions with dating partners, parents and friends. The clinical applicability and effectiveness of this prevention training model is documented through a study conducted in an urban high school. 36 informed and consenting sophomores of both sexes were randomly assigned either to an interventive group or to a non-treatment control group. Compared to the latter, the former had more accurate knowledge of human reproduction and contraception after the intervention. Buttressing these and other positive results, the students' enthusiastic feedback left little doubt that they enjoyed the group process and were interested in the training. Moreover, analyses of follow-up data on coital activity, the use of contraceptives, and family planning decisions revealed that the training had produced striking effects. Decision making tests, behavioral performance tests, follow-up questionnaires and videotaping of behavior during stressful interpersonal situations were among the evaluation techniques used. 相似文献
17.
Anton De Grauwe 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2005,5(1):269-287
School-based management is being increasingly advocated as a shortcut to more efficient management and quality improvement
in education. Research, however, has been unable to prove conclusively such a linkage. Especially in developing countries,
concerns remain about the possible detrimental impact of school-based management on school quality; equity among different
schools in the same system; the motivation of and relationships between principals and teachers; and financial as well as
administrative transparency. The present study defines school-based management and, in view of its implementation in different
world regions, examines some of its advantages and disadvantages. In particular, the author explores the strategies which
must accompany school-based management in order to ensure a positive impact on quality. These are found to include (1) guaranteeing
that all schools have certain basic resources; (2) developing an effective school-support system; (3) providing schools with
regular information on their performance and advice on how they might improve; and (4) emphasizing the motivational element
in the management work of the school principal. 相似文献
18.
Science enrichment programmes housed outside traditional school settings offer unique opportunities to access and use authentic scientific tools and practices, especially for urban students whose school science experiences often lack resources. Yet opportunities to access these tools and practices are realized only when science teachers value them sufficiently to take advantage of them. This study examines how eight urban secondary science teachers evaluated a specific out‐of‐school science enrichment programme—a one‐year partnership with a local university science outreach centre, which culminated in a half‐day laboratory experience for their students. Teachers’ perceptions were captured through interviews and surveys. Findings indicate that these teachers came to identify and value many of the potential benefits for out‐of‐school enrichment programmes reported in the literature as well as some additional ones. The teachers’ also showed a shift over time with respect to their perceptions of the value of the out‐of‐school experience, moving from an initial focus on increasing test scores toward a greater appreciation for its impact on students’ motivation and identity development. The study offers insight into secondary science students’ and teachers’ identity needs, and what universities can offer to address them. 相似文献
19.
Egerton Clarke 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(2):97-116
Much research examines the professional nursing practices of traditional and modern caregivers, but it remains unclear whether the delivery of extra-required services is diminished as the caregiver moves from traditional to modern community. Building on the classical works of sociologists Ferdinand Tonnies, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim, this paper discusses traditional and modern caregiver practices to see whether extra-required services are currently being offered in city-based care settings. Using data from a purposive sample of 21 registered nurses and nursing assistants at six long-term care centers in the cities of Toronto, Ontario; Miami, Florida; and New York, New York, this paper examines registered nurses' (RNs') traditional and modern caregiving practices. Findings suggest that extra-required services are more richly provided in traditional communities than in urban city settings. Differences exist in both the form and extent of delivering extra caregiving services in the two types of settings. Implications of these finding are discussed relative to recruitment of foreign nurses. 相似文献
20.
School-based management is being increasingly advocated as a shortcut to more efficient management and quality improvement in education. Research, however, has been unable to prove conclusively such a linkage. Especially in developing countries, concerns remain about the possible detrimental impact of school-based management on school quality; equity among different schools in the same system; the motivation of and relationships between principals and teachers; and financial as well as administrative transparency. The present study defines school-based management and, in view of its implementation in different world regions, examines some of its advantages and disadvantages. In particular, the author explores the strategies which must accompany school-based management in order to ensure a positive impact on quality. These are found to include (1) guaranteeing that all schools have certain basic resources; (2) developing an effective school-support system; (3) providing schools with regular information on their performance and advice on how they might improve; and (4) emphasizing the motivational element in the management work of the school principal. 相似文献