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本文介绍了由澳大利亚国家健康和医疗咨询中心提供资助的一项研究.此项研究探讨了23位唐氏综合症儿童气质特点及对他们母亲教养行为的影响.结果发现唐氏综合症的儿童与正常儿童明显差异.容易型气质的唐氏综合症儿童比困难型儿童容易引起母亲的直接教育反应和较少的负情绪语言表达;而且母亲的教养方式与唐氏综合症儿童的气质中的活动性、节律性、趋避、适应性和心境纬度有显着相关. 相似文献
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一例唐氏综合症儿童语言能力的个案研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
通过对一例14岁唐氏综合症儿童的汉语词类、句长、句法结构等方面在校的自发性语言的研究,结果发现1.个案使用的实词数大于虚词数;2.个案语言中7种基本的句子结构均已出现;3.个案已经出现结构复杂、逻辑性强的单句,并开始有意识地运用偏正关系的复句;4.在运用基本汉语语法的能力方面,个案语言发展水平大致相当于正常儿童3～6岁水平。 相似文献
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自我控制是个体意识的重要组成部分,是个人对自身心理与行为的主动掌握.唐氏综合症儿童由于生理和心理原因,自我控制发展水平较低.文章介绍了唐氏综合症儿童自我控制的发展在动机水平上与普通儿童相比,其生存环境存在差异并且在情感控制能力方面较差等特点,进而提出了一些矫正措施. 相似文献
4.
去年七月,笔者随国家教委派遣的出席国际会议的代表团访问澳大利亚,在澳期间,参观了一些特殊教育机构,感到这些机构在特殊教育研究的理论和实践上都颇有特色。(一)麦夸里大学特殊教育及语言训练中心该中心筹建于1972年,至今已有十多年历史。中心的任务主要是研究和促进有严重学习困难的儿童发展,设有托儿、幼儿预备班、幼儿、小学低年级及唐氏综合症患者的 相似文献
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唐氏综合症患者的语言与短时记忆特点研究现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
唐氏综合症是一种常见的遗传疾病 ,国外对其研究深入广泛 ,在语言和记忆方面的研究也较为系统 ,但国内对该领域的研究却非常少见。本文将论述国外在唐氏综合症患者的语言和记忆方面的研究结论 ,以及干预和训练方面的研究成果 ,以便为国内研究提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
7.
研究通过比较学龄唐氏综合症儿童与普通儿童发非鼻音/a/、／i／、/u/及鼻音/m/的平均鼻流量值(MNS)的差异,旨在了解学龄唐氏综合症儿童鼻腔共鸣特点,探讨年龄、性别及健康状况对儿童鼻腔共鸣功能的影响,为唐氏综合症儿童鼻腔共鸣障碍的矫治提供临床康复建议.研究发现健康状况及年龄极其显著地影响MNS,而性别对其没有显著性影响.具体表现为:学龄唐氏综合症儿童非鼻音的MNS均显著低于普通儿童,而鼻音的MNS均显著高于普通儿童;青春期之前,两类儿童的非鼻音的MNS均随着年龄增长而增加;青春期之后,两类儿童非鼻音的MNS均有所降低,且与青春期之前相比,各自的差异均不显著;两类儿童鼻音的MNS均随着年龄的增长而降低,且青春期前后,MNS差异极其显著. 相似文献
8.
本文采用实验的方法,对北京地区某培智学校39名7-15岁的一般性智力障碍儿童、唐氏综合征儿童、低功能自闭症儿童的助人、合作、分享、对他人痛苦的反应四种亲社会行为进行了比较研究,结果发现：自闭症儿童的助人行为水平显著低于一般性智力障碍儿童;唐氏综合征儿童的分享行为水平显著低于一般性智力障碍儿童;三类儿童的合作行为以及对他人痛苦的反应均处于很低的水平。 相似文献
9.
语言具身认知范式主张身体在认知和语言发展过程中的关键作用,尤其强调身体、大脑和环境的相互作用。学前儿童的语言发展更具有具身性特点。本研究以学前儿童第二语言习得为例进行实验研究,具体从字母、单词和句子三个层面对身体性、情境性和交互性在儿童语言能力发展中的影响进行对比研究。研究发现:身体性、情境性和交互性在儿童语言发展过程中起着关键作用,体现了儿童语言发展的具身性特征。 相似文献
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自闭症儿童语言发展研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自闭症儿童的语言障碍问题是自闭症儿童发展和教育研究的重要组成部分。本文从自闭症儿童语言发展特征、自闭症儿童语言发展的核心障碍,以及自闭症儿童语言与其他发展领域相关研究等方面,综述近年国外有关自闭症儿童语言发展障碍研究的新进展,以供国内同行参考。 相似文献
11.
Using Total Communication With Young Children With Down Syndrome: A Literature Review and Case Study
《Early education and development》2013,24(4):306-320
This paper presents a literature review regarding language abilities of children with Down syndrome and presents a case study concerning the effectiveness of using Total Communication with a young child with Down syndrome. The prevalence of expressive language delays in children with Down syndrome highlights the need to develop early interventions to promote language development. The existing literature on the usefulness of Total Communication as an intervention method with children and adults with special needs is documented and a rationale for the use of Total Communication with children with Down syndrome is presented. In the case study, a single subject simultaneous treatment design was used which involved introducing 20 words during free play (10 oral and 10 Total Communication), which were matched on phonetic complexity and reinforcement value. Results indicated that comprehension was not differentially affected by the type of communication approach used. However, expressively the child was able to use manual signs many months before any understandable words were produced. The use of manual signs did not inhibit use of speech. The results of this case study suggest that the early use of Total Communication can be an effective transitional mode of communication for at least some children with Down syndrome. Further research is needed to explore individual differences between children with Down syndrome and to identify factors that predict those children who benefit most from the use of Total Communication. 相似文献
12.
Using Total Communication With Young Children With Down Syndrome: A Literature Review and Case Study
This paper presents a literature review regarding language abilities of children with Down syndrome and presents a case study concerning the effectiveness of using Total Communication with a young child with Down syndrome. The prevalence of expressive language delays in children with Down syndrome highlights the need to develop early interventions to promote language development. The existing literature on the usefulness of Total Communication as an intervention method with children and adults with special needs is documented and a rationale for the use of Total Communication with children with Down syndrome is presented. In the case study, a single subject simultaneous treatment design was used which involved introducing 20 words during free play (10 oral and 10 Total Communication), which were matched on phonetic complexity and reinforcement value. Results indicated that comprehension was not differentially affected by the type of communication approach used. However, expressively the child was able to use manual signs many months before any understandable words were produced. The use of manual signs did not inhibit use of speech. The results of this case study suggest that the early use of Total Communication can be an effective transitional mode of communication for at least some children with Down syndrome. Further research is needed to explore individual differences between children with Down syndrome and to identify factors that predict those children who benefit most from the use of Total Communication. 相似文献
13.
Monica Cuskelly Airong Zhang Alan Hayes 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2003,50(3):239-251
The performance of 25 children with Down syndrome on delay of gratification tasks was compared with that of a mental age-matched group of typically developing children. Delay tasks included both other- and self-imposed tasks. Children with Down syndrome were significantly less able to delay gratification than the comparison group on two of the three tasks. Receptive language was associated with delay on the self-imposed task for the typically developing group but not for children with Down syndrome. It is hypothesised that there may be a lag in the development of self-regulation that is greater than the lag between chronological and mental age for children with Down syndrome, with expressive language playing a role in this lag. The practice of using mental age as the method for matching groups of children with Down syndrome with typically developing children is called into question by the results of this study. 相似文献
14.
Increasingly, children with Down syndrome are receiving their education in mainstream schools but little research has investigated whether these placements may influence language and memory development. The present study compared 22 children with Down syndrome in mainstream school placements matched for chronological age with 22 children attending special schools in a different LEA where mainstream placements were rare. The children were assessed to obtain measures of the following language and memory abilities: receptive vocabulary; grammar comprehension; sentence repetition; digit span; face recognition; and memory for hand movements. Children in mainstream placements achieved significantly higher scores for vocabulary, grammar and digit span measures, but not for non-language based memory measures. More importantly, even after controlling for age and receptive vocabulary, grammar understanding and digit spans were significantly greater for the mainstream children. 相似文献
15.
Nonverbal communication skills in Down syndrome children 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The goal of this research was to examine the nonverbal communication competence of 18-48-month-old Down syndrome children. The results indicated that Downs children displayed strengths and weaknesses in nonverbal communication skills. Relative to MA matched normal children, they displayed a significant strength in nonverbal social interaction skills. However, they also displayed a significant deficit in nonverbal requests for objects or assistance with objects compared to normals. This pattern of strength and weakness in nonverbal skills appeared to be specific to Down syndrome since this pattern was not displayed by a comparison sample of non-Downs mentally retarded children. Nonverbal object-requesting skill was also significantly associated with a measure of expressive language in the Downs sample. This relation was notable because the Downs children also displayed a deficit in expressive language. Thus, the results of this study suggest that a deficit in expressive language is associated with a deficit in earlier-developing nonverbal requesting skill among Down syndrome children. 相似文献
16.
Claes Nilholm 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2000,15(3):347-359
Earlier research on the development of children with Down syndrome is summarized from the standpoint of the development-difference debate. While some progress is recognized, it is argued that this research has neglected to theorize the concept of context and has, therefor, to a large extent created a notion of a universal child with Down syndrome. Three such neglected contexts are discussed; (1) the controlled setting, (2) the life context of the children, and, (3) culture as a context of development. With the point of departure in the criticism of how these contexts have been theorized, it is argued that (1) it is difficult to search for specific weaknesses in children with Down syndrome, (2) little is known about what factors in the lifes of these children that are important to development, and, (3) since cultures structure development differently, the development of children with Down syndrome will consequently vary from culture to culture. An outline of a framework for the study of the development of children with Down syndrome is proposed as well as its methodological implications. It is suggested that a partly new way of speaking about the development of children with Down syndrome is needed. 相似文献
17.
Research has found that many children andadolescents with Down syndrome acquire somelevel of reading ability. Studies to date havedocumented that cognition, language, andphonological awareness contribute tovariability observed in performance onconventional literacy measures for thispopulation, although the extent of relativecontributions varies among studies. Less isknown about the relationship of early literacyskills to conventional reading, or howrelationships among variables that supportliteracy acquisition are similar or differentfrom those observed in typically developingchildren. In this project, cognition,language, early literacy, phonologicalawareness and reading skills were examined in agroup of children and adolescents with Downsyndrome (aged 5;06 to 17;03) and a group oftypically developing children (aged 3;06 to5;03) matched for nonverbal cognition. Resultsrevealed broad variability in performance onearly literacy and reading measures in personswith Down syndrome. Comparisons with mental age-matchedchildren indicated differences in the relativecontribution of language and cognition toreading ability, with language being a strongerpredictor in the group with Down syndrome. 相似文献
18.
Jennifer G. Wishart 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1998,45(3):343-363
This broad overview of progress in our understanding of Down syndrome and of the problems it presents for children affected by it was prompted by the occasion of the 20th Anniversary of the Down Syndrome Research Program at the Fred and Eleanor Schonell Special Education Research Centre, The University of Queensland. This internationally‐acclaimed program has focused on many aspects of development in Down syndrome and on how Down syndrome impacts on the lives of children and their families. Some of the many contributions the Schonell team have made to our knowledge of Down syndrome are covered in other papers in this special issue and will also be mentioned below. In evaluating the role of this work, however, it is important to put it into context. This paper therefore provides a brief‐‐and necessarily selective‐‐ account of some past and present findings from research into Down syndrome and makes some tentative suggestions as to what may be important avenues of investigation for the next generation of researchers. 相似文献
19.
Susan H. Landry Cynthia L. Miller-Loncar Paul R. Swank 《Early education and development》1998,9(4):375-392
Children's goal-directed behaviors were examined in independent play sessions before and after a joint-play interaction with their mothers for a group of children with Down syndrome (n = 22) and a control group of mental and language age matched typically developing children (n = 24). While both groups showed comparable amounts of time spent in independent goal-directed play during the pre session and similar play responses with their mothers during the joint play session, only the control children significantly increased their goal-directed behavior from the pre to the post session. Maternal behaviors that provided information about how to use the toy predicted increases from the pre to post sessions in independent goal-directed play but only for the control children. These findings suggest that children with Down syndrome may have more difficulty transferring the goal-directed play behaviors they can use with support from their mothers to an independent play situation. Findings are discussed in relation to early education program design for children with Down syndrome. 相似文献
20.
《Early education and development》2013,24(4):375-392
Children's goal-directed behaviors were examined in independent play sessions before and after a joint-play interaction with their mothers for a group of children with Down syndrome (n = 22) and a control group of mental and language age matched typically developing children (n = 24). While both groups showed comparable amounts of time spent in independent goal-directed play during the pre session and similar play responses with their mothers during the joint play session, only the control children significantly increased their goal-directed behavior from the pre to the post session. Maternal behaviors that provided information about how to use the toy predicted increases from the pre to post sessions in independent goal-directed play but only for the control children. These findings suggest that children with Down syndrome may have more difficulty transferring the goal-directed play behaviors they can use with support from their mothers to an independent play situation. Findings are discussed in relation to early education program design for children with Down syndrome. 相似文献