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1.
The goal of this project is to explore why, given United States women’s historical struggle to gain legal and social acceptance of nontraditional naming forms, the overwhelming majority of women continue to follow tradition and adopt their husbands’ names upon marriage. To begin to explain this phenomenon, this study focused on Catholic women, who changed their names between 1940 and 1998. This article illustrates the role tradition plays in participants’ worldview and how tradition influences their behavior and attitudes toward naming practices. The naming behaviors and attitudes of the women in this study are then analyzed within a larger sociocultural and political context.  相似文献   

2.
从普适技能到嵌入实践——国外信息素养理论与实践回顾   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
20世纪70年代,在信息技术迅速发展和信息资源日益重要的背景下,信息素养概念产生。随后,美国图书馆界率先将书目指导业务转型为信息素养教育,信息素养也成为图书馆情报学的重要研究领域。本文主要依据国外信息素养领域文献及其他相关文献,对信息素养概念、理论、实践的演进进行了比较全面的分析和总结,旨在为国内同仁从全局角度理解国外信息素养领域的各种变化,提供线索和洞见。研究发现:国外信息素养领域对早期信息素养概念进行了四种不同性质的修正及两次颠覆性改变,引进和发展了多种相关理论,包括各种流派的建构主义学习理论、各种批判理论和实践理论,实施了不同路径的信息素养教育实践;这些相互影响的发展变化导致了三种信息素养范式的出现:普适技能范式、情境化能力范式和嵌入实践范式。通过对已有范式的反思,本文提出未来信息素养研究和实践应将培养持久的信息获取利用习惯纳入考量范围。  相似文献   

3.
传播政治经济学与另类媒介——以韩国与委内瑞拉为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
另类媒介的兴起、运作条件与脉络,以及其成就与局限的评估,具有重要的理论与实践意义,传播政治经济学重视人的动能、强调历史变迁与学术介入,本文因此引述与讨论韩国及委内瑞拉的另类传播现象,舍弃互联网而专注于研讨传统媒介的另类空间。  相似文献   

4.
从文化间到跨文化的电视传播:一个比较视野   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
战后以来,跨文化的电视传播在欧洲取得了极大的发展,对促进欧洲的政治和解、社会融合和一体化进城起到了积极作用,并由此产生了丰富的理论研究。本文旨在总结欧洲的跨文化电视传播的理论和模式,比较其从文化间传播向跨文化传播的理论转型,从中对照中国电视对外传播的现状和问题。  相似文献   

5.
Using late medieval examples from Switzerland, this paper argues that the emergence of formally organized archives around 1500 was part of an important shift in how documents could be deployed. However, this shift was not away from an oral and toward a literate culture, as argued in some earlier studies, but rather away from seeing documents as testimony that reminded a community about past authoritative actors, and toward relating the texts of documents to other texts, that is, to contexts. This shift took place largely through the appropriation of methods for using and organizing written material that had been developed in the realms of scholastic theology and liturgy, and applying them to secular lordship and administration. These methods provided new models for organizing collections of parchments and papers into connected archives and gave rise to new forms of text collection such as reorganized versions of law books (Spiegel, Coutumiers) containing new search tools such as tables of contents (capitulationes) and indices (abecedaria). Individual charters and scattered legal norms were also organized into textus–glossae structures in larger and smaller administrative units. In the Swiss case, the contextualization of legal texts was accompanied by an increased attribution of authority to ‘custom’ in general, because the community-oriented attribution of meaning found in earlier use was lost. Ultimately, recasting individual documents as part of larger textual contexts increased the power of rulers and ushered in an age of lawyers and of archives.  相似文献   

6.
The concept of audience was widely adapted from its earlier origins in public spectacles and performance to apply to the new circumstances of mass media reception in the early 20th century, and especially to the public for film and broadcasting. It could even be applied more generally to include print media. The then novel usage of the term was a component in the larger paradigm of mass communications that in turn rested on certain preconceptions about its ‘mass’ character. These preconceptions have been challenged by subsequent research and theory. More recently, however, the ongoing transformation of the means of communication may have rendered the whole mass communication paradigm itself obsolescent, and with it the concept of a mass audience. In this article it is argued that paradigmatic change in ideas about the audience may be less due to a shift in technology than to the more fundamental theoretical changes of the intervening period.  相似文献   

7.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):311-332
A dialectical perspective recognizes that there are tensions between oppositions in human interaction such as the need for independence and the need for dependence. This approach has been instrumental in exploring the dialectical tensions and coping strategies individuals use in interpersonal contexts. This ethnographic study utilized a dialectical perspective to examine group communication in a community theater group. The results revealed 11 specific dialectical tensions within the group that represent four more global issues for the group as well as a number of communication strategies that group members use to manage those tensions. These issues provide a framework for further development of a communication theory of group dialectics.  相似文献   

8.
西方信息社会的传播权利运动的兴起带动了传播学界"媒介治理"的研究热潮。通过社会人类学的"功能-符号"路径,媒介治理关注了传播的信息界面、产业界面、符号界面和关系界面,综合了传播系统的界内研究和界外研究,代表了一种新的传播研究范式。作为跨学科的交叉研究,"媒介治理"在研究取向上呈现出学科的交叉性:深层生态学路径、公共选择路径、协商民主路径是研究"媒介治理"的基本路径。媒介治理的研究是一种"灰色系统"的信息论,是第三种文化思维范式的代表。媒介治理理论研究尚处于起步阶段,需要进一步提供具有解释力的基本假设,实现叙事的连贯性和必要的逻辑建构。  相似文献   

9.
探讨全球科技出版领域呈现的数据密集型出版、语义出版、可视化出版与互动出版等趋势.指出数据密集型出版从宏观层面构建海量数据的框架蓝图,为科学范式的转变提供基础环境;语义出版通过对各种文献进行标引关联,从微观层面铺设结构化数据的基础设施,解决数据和信息的机器理解问题;可视化出版作为重要的直观表达工具,从文献组成部分、文献架构、文献网络三个层面最大限度地提升科研人员获取信息的效率和效果;互动出版目前以学术维基出版物和全新的同行评议为主要特色,既是“无形学院”在网络 环境下的延伸,也渗透于正式科学交流中,从读者和用户层面打破科学信息开放、共享、交流的主要障碍.  相似文献   

10.
Researchers and practitioners around the world recognize the potential of information technologies to promote government transformation. This transformation has been understood in at least two different ways: (1) as a transformation of internal processes and (2) as a transformation of the relationships between governments and other social and political actors (institutional transformation). Unfortunately, there is little or no evidence of such transformation, and current studies reveal that for this transformation to happen, a better understanding of the complex relationships between information technologies, organizations, and institutions is still required. This paper presents a theory of the co-evolution of technology, organizational networks, and institutional arrangements in the transformation of government. The theory uses the grammars of system dynamics and builds upon institutional approaches to understand interactions among all these variables in the development of information and communication technologies in government. Although the theory suggests the relevance of some specific reinforcing processes in this transformation, the endogenous view used in the theory empowers all stakeholders by illustrating how transformation could be promoted from any individual position involved in the process of developing digital government applications.  相似文献   

11.
传播政治经济学诞生于20世纪40年代末,对上个世纪初以来的媒体改革运动的关注和主张是传播政治经济学社会实践性的表征,表明传播政治经济学非一般性的学术自足性研究。面对新的实践背景,需要对传播政治经济学的社会实践性做出评价。  相似文献   

12.
Issue advocacy groups play a central role in today's political system, and the choices they make concerning media and communication have lately been a scholarly concern. This study investigates how issue advocacy groups choose media and communication technologies from the perspective of uses and gratifications approach and the niche theory. Drawing upon a national telephone survey of 209 randomly chosen advocacy groups in the United States, the findings suggest that new communication technologies (including e-mail and websites) are perceived to be competitively superior to traditional media and provide more gratifications when it comes to extending public mobilization. Grassroots-oriented advocacy groups in particular more actively utilize new technologies in public mobilization than do professional associations.  相似文献   

13.
According to the uses and gratifications approach, individuals try to satisfy needs by means of media use. The empirical application of this approach is often problematic because of the concept of “needs.” It is argued that the focus should shift to social and psychological factors as direct explanations of behavior. This article hypothesizes that adolescents' television use for mood management is predicted by factors related to the school and family contexts. Results support the hypothesis that tensions generated within the social contexts of home and school life are directly and indirectly related to the use of television for mood management.  相似文献   

14.
The dominant paradigm in Archival Science, thehistorical-technicist paradigm, has its origins with the French Revolution and raised from the social, economic, political, ideological and cultural changes that occur during the 19th and 20th centuries. During this last one and due specially to the technological revolution Archival Science reinforced its technical component and became autonomous in face of History, but the consolidation of the model, based on a custodial, technicist and documentalist perspective, is associated to a knowledge essentially empirical. By effect of the new conditions generated by Information Society, the dominant paradigm entered into a crisis and developed inside itself the factors which, unavoidably, will produce the paradigm shift. The new paradigm — thescientific-informational paradigm — conceives Archival Science as an applied discipline into the scope of Information Science and defines unequivocally its object of study — the archive, understood as aninformation system — and its scientific method of research. The method tends to find consolidation through quadripolar research dynamics, which is operated and continuously repeated within the field of knowledge itself, which implies a permanent interaction on four poles — epistemological, theoretical, technical and morphological.  相似文献   

15.
Archival science and changes in the paradigm   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The dominant paradigm in Archival Science, thehistorical-technicist paradigm, has its origins with the French Revolution and raised from the social, economic, political, ideological and cultural changes that occur during the 19th and 20th centuries. During this last one and due specially to the technological revolution Archival Science reinforced its technical component and became autonomous in face of History, but the consolidation of the model, based on a custodial, technicist and documentalist perspective, is associated to a knowledge essentially empirical. By effect of the new conditions generated by Information Society, the dominant paradigm entered into a crisis and developed inside itself the factors which, unavoidably, will produce the paradigm shift. The new paradigm — thescientific-informational paradigm — conceives Archival Science as an applied discipline into the scope of Information Science and defines unequivocally its object of study — the archive, understood as aninformation system — and its scientific method of research. The method tends to find consolidation through quadripolar research dynamics, which is operated and continuously repeated within the field of knowledge itself, which implies a permanent interaction on four poles — epistemological, theoretical, technical and morphological.  相似文献   

16.
Due to targeting strategies employed by political campaigns, campaign intensity is not uniform across the whole country. This study investigates how an individual's communication context, defined by geospatial characteristics created by campaigns, would influence his or her political learning. Data for this study come from three separate studies conducted during the 2000 U.S. presidential election. The results from a series of multilevel modeling analyses indicate that contextual-level political advertising and candidate appearances moderate the relationship between newspaper use and political knowledge, and the relationship between political discussion and political knowledge. This study not only demonstrates that conditional communication effects hinge on geospatial factors but also helps to develop contextual theories of communication that specifically address effects of contextual factors and cross-level interactions.  相似文献   

17.
This article discusses the development of radio broadcasting in the new Russia that emerged in the years 1991–2011. Changes in radio were part of the larger, complex and controversial process related to major economic, political and social changes in the Russian Federation after the Soviet Union dissolved. Radio programming developed to reflect the new political, social and public lives of the Russian people. The analysis examines the functioning of state, public, and private radio, and their competition for audience, the role of radio advertising, and programming broadcast content. The article shows that there has been the formation of a new type of free, uncensored journalism with experienced radio journalists experiencing a new environment.  相似文献   

18.
Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among members of a social system. The diffusion of innovations is a communication theory which has laid the groundwork for behavior change models across the social sciences, representing a widely applicable perspective. The diffusion of innovations paradigm began with the 1943 publication of the results of an hybrid seed corn study conducted by Bryce Ryan and Neal C. Gross, rural sociologists at Iowa State University. The diffusion paradigm spread among midwestern rural sociological researchers in the 1950s and 1960s, and then to a larger, interdisciplinary field of diffusion scholars. By the late 1960s, rural sociologists lost interest in diffusion studies, not because it was ineffective scientifically, but because of lack of support for such study as a consequence of farm overproduction and because most of the interesting research questions were thought to be answered. Since 1943, more than 4000 research publications have appeared and diffusion research became a widely practiced variety of scholarly study in sociology and other social sciences. This paper describes some of the history of rural sociological research on the diffusion of agricultural innovations with the goal of understanding how the research tradition emerged and to determine how it influenced the larger body of diffusion research conducted later by scholars in other disciplinary specialties. The authors describe how diffusion of innovations research followed and deviated from the Kuhnian concept of paradigm development.  相似文献   

19.
论情报学理论范式的危机及其整合﹡   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
情报学理论范式的危机主要不在于学科体系内部研究范式间的分化与对立， 而在于无法从一种理论范式中找到对现实社会情报活动的满意解释。随着社会情报实践 的发展、认识观念的进步以及情报学理论的不断丰富，范式变迁和范式的整合将成为情 报学理论研究的一个新趋势。通过对不同情报学理论范式的研究方法、理论体系的整合 ，随着情报活动的网络化进程，必将促进情报学新的“全球化研究范式”的形成。  相似文献   

20.
This paper highlights, through a critical political economy approach, a number of inequalities, or “divides,” that have been neglected in digital divides research, divides arising from the domination of social media platform ownership by a few for-profit corporations. As a result, the paper calls for an expansion of digital divides research to include a critical examination of the empowerment relations flowing from the contexts of digital media technologies themselves and not just the contexts of users.  相似文献   

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