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1.
Participation in discussions about the public interest can be enhanced by technology, but can also create an environment in which participants are overwhelmed by the quantity, quality, and diversity of information and arguments. Political participation is at a greater disadvantage than non-political activities in that participants from different parties already start out with established differences, which requires them to reach some form of common ground before progress can be made. Those seeking authentic deliberation are discouraged to participate when confronted with uncivil and inflammatory rhetoric. These issues are often exacerbated in online discussions, where lack of identity cues and low barriers to entry can lead to heightened incivility between participants, often labeled as “flaming” and “trolling”. This paper explores the extent to which moderator systems, tools online discussion forums use to manage contributions, can reduce information overload and encourage civil conversations in virtual discussion spaces. Using the popular website Slashdot as an example of sound moderation in a public discourse setting, we found that users move toward consensus about which and how comments deserve to be moderated. Using these findings, we explore how transferable these systems are for participation in public matters specifically to the unique attributes of political discussion. Slashdot's political forum provides a comparison group that allowed us to find quantitative and qualitative differences in political posting, comments, and moderation. Our results show that large scale, civil participation is possible with a distributed moderation system that enables regularly lively debates to be conducted positively because the system provides tools for people to enforce norms of civility. 相似文献
2.
LSI潜在语义标引方法在情报检索中的应用 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
尹锋 《现代图书情报技术》1998,14(4):19-21
介绍了一种基于词相依性的语义结构, 被称为“潜在语义标引”的文献自动标引和检索技术。采用词频统计和奇值分解技术来捕捉文献的语义结构, 得到标引词、提问和文献的向量表示, 检索系统可以预测文献与提问之间的相关度, 达到检索的目的。 相似文献
3.
A subject analysis of 5195 publications in library and information science (LIS) research in Pakistan over a period of 62 years revealed that the majority of Pakistani LIS research focused on a few subject areas. Pakistani LIS researchers gave little attention to many subjects and completely ignored others. More than a quarter (26.72%) of the total items focused on “information treatment for information services” while 22% were related to “libraries as physical collections.” Other areas with some attention included “industry, profession and education” (12.32%) and “theoretical and general aspects of libraries and information” (11.40%). Researchers paid little attention to “housing technologies,” “technical services in libraries, archives and museums,” and “management.” 相似文献
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In 2008, the type of document “proceedings paper” (PP) was assigned in the WoS database to journal articles which were initially presented at a conference and later adapted for publication in a journal. Since the use of two different labels (“article” and “proceedings paper”) might lead to infer differences in their relevance and/or quality, this paper presents a comparative study of standard journal articles and PP in journals to explore potential differences between them. The study focuses on the Library and Information Science field in the Web of Science database and covers the 1990–2008 period. PP approximately account for 9% of the total number of articles in this field, two-thirds of which are published in monographic issues devoted to conferences, which tend to be concentrated in specific journals. Proceedings papers emerge as an heterogeneous set comprising PP in ordinary issues, similar to standard articles in structure and impact of research; and PP in monographic issues, which seem to be less comprehensive and tend to receive less citations. Faster publication of PP in monographic than in ordinary issues may conceal differences in the review process undergone by either type of paper. The main implications of these results for authors, bibliometricians, journal editors and research evaluators are pointed out. 相似文献
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The issue of rural communication development has been conventionally examined under labels such as universal service, digital, divide, broadband deployment, and E-Government, which generally fall into two seemingly distinct categories—access and applications. In China, these concepts are currently incorporated into a single program, if not a single term—“Village Informatization Program” (“VIP”). The VIP upgraded the objectives of previous telephone and television “Village Access Projects” (“VAPs”), an upgrade which is intended to provide “comprehensive information services” in rural areas. The execution of the VIP regime has been faced with challenges. The lack of explicitly defined objectives and institutional arrangement has led to regulatory confusion and has compromised the outcome of initiatives taken by central department and regional/local governments which are more often independent in actions. China is therefore faced with the imperative of formulating the VIP regime which is to assimilate to China's unique institutional context. This article first reviews the current status of the VIP regime before moving on to the discussion of establishing an integrative and sustainable VIP regulatory regime in China. Then, the current regulatory regime is characterized based on which reforms are suggested—in which is highlighted a layer-based localization regulatory solution, which delineates provincial/local roles from central roles based on a stratified incentive policies and governance arrangement. Possible applications in other countries are discussed in the conclusion. 相似文献
7.
傻瓜软件是我国图书馆自动化管理软件市场化的发展方向 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
文章从“傻瓜像机”的基本含义谈起, 接着重点阐明了图书馆自动化管理方面的“傻瓜软件”的六条优点后指出, 傻瓜软件不但是智能化软件的集中表现, 而且是我国图书馆自动化管理软件市场化的发展方向。 相似文献
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This article demonstrates the applicability of classification theory to various textual-analytic approaches such as grounded theory, content analysis, discourse analysis, and conversation analysis/membership categorization analysis. This applicability is based on three factors: extant and elicited texts can be broken down into categories that are essentially classification systems created and defined by the researcher; extant texts are themselves explicit or implicit classification systems; and classificatory frameworks can be applied to extant and elicited texts “in order to clarify their contribution to processes of meaning-making” (Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge, p. 11). The recommendation is made that classification theory should be incorporated in the teaching of textual-analytic approaches in university-level research-methods courses, especially in the field of library and information science (LIS). 相似文献
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The purpose of this article is to examine how aid agencies are strategically leveraging open data to improve the effectiveness of aid. Recognizing the vital role of information in international development, aid agencies have eagerly begun to adopt the tools of Open Government within the context of development (i.e. “Open Development”). Examining this trend, the author finds much scope for open data to support the development community's commitment to improving the effectiveness of aid by adopting a more systematic, coherent, and strategic approach to aid delivery (known as the “aid effectiveness” agenda). An investigation of the current state of the art finds that open data has made significant contributions towards realizing this more integrated vision of aid delivery, but that much of open data's potential remains unexplored. In particular, the use of open data is still largely focused on supporting after-the-fact reporting functions, overlooking its potential to enable integrated strategic planning and improved coordination across the full spectrum of development actors. 相似文献
10.
Sherri Saines 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2011,37(6):532-535
The Ohio University Libraries has been a part of the university's Freshman Year Experience (FYE) classes almost since their inception. Over the past ten years, we have tried many variations on the “library day” lesson plan, with various (low) success rates. For fall of 2010, the FYE coordinator asked for an extremely simple plan: just some videos about services and a walk through the library. It was well-timed; we were both frustrated with the low use of our lesson plans and getting better at video production. It seemed it would be so easy … and then, of course it wasn't. We were saved by collaborating with a film student, and one of our videos was awarded an ALA 2011 PR “Best of Show”. Students and instructors respond well to humorous short videos in which we do not take ourselves too seriously. 相似文献
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地方文献数据库检索系统建立之设想 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
建立检索系统是地方文献数据库的重要内容, 检索系统的好坏直接影响数据库的整体质量。根据地方文献本身及其用户群的特点, 本着方便读者、有效利用地方文献数据库的原则, 笔者提出了建立“学科分类检索子系统”、“地名归类检索子系统”、“著述形式检索子系统”等具体构想。 相似文献
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This study assessed the use of “Personal Computer Technology” in public organizations of developing countries in South Asia, particularly in Pakistan [Qazi, R. (2006). Expanding the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM): A Consideration of Personal Computer Technology Use in Public Organizations of a Developing Country of South Asia, Pakistan (Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2006). Dissertation Abstracts]. The study expanded the “Technology Acceptance Model” by adding additional external factors such as ‘Organizational Culture’ and ‘Individual Factors’ (e.g. ‘Level of Education’ and ‘Duration of Training’), and belief factors such as ‘Perceived Personal Utility.’ Financial compensation to employees was used as a control variable because preliminary data analysis showed that it explicitly differentiated results of the study between those employees who felt they were adequately rewarded (financially) and those who were not. For example, when respondents replied ‘Compensation’ was ‘Yes,’ i.e. that at least some level of direct compensation was provided for PCT utilization then a statistically significant, positive relationship between ‘Level of Education’ and ‘PCT Use’ was found. However, when respondents replied that ‘Compensation’ was ‘No,’ a statistically significant, negative relationship between ‘Level of Education’ and ‘PCT Use’ exists. Additional results of this study are presented in this article. 相似文献
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Since 2001, the United Nations (UN) and affiliated organizations have measured e-Government initiatives of more than 178 Member States of the UN, by devising “e-Government Readiness Index” (e-GRI) and “e-Participation Index” (e-PI). The UN has published rankings for its Member States in terms of e-GRI and e-PI, through e-Government Readiness Assessments (Surveys). Member States of the UN and digital government research community as well as academicians and practitioners regularly use the e-GRI and e-PI as a point-of-reference; this fact alone signifies the importance of evaluating the existing UN methodologies assessing e-Governance. Since e-Governance is one of the greatest innovations in the public sector, this research uses conceptual content analysis on the Surveys using the Innovation Management Measurement Framework (IMMF), which is one of the most widely accepted theoretical frameworks for measuring innovation initiatives. The resultant percentage normalized scores (PNS) lead to a set of recommendations for developing better informed, more balanced, and more powerful e-GRI and e-PI for the future. 相似文献
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大规模定制是指以大规模生产的速度和成本,为单个客户或特殊市场需求定制生产出任意数量产品的生产方式,被认为是21世纪企业竞争的“新前沿”。基于企业大规模定制运行管理模式概念,探讨图情机构大规模定制信息服务的管理模式和实施的必要条件,并以中国科学院国家科学图书馆近年改革发展实践为例作实证分析和讨论,以期对图情机构信息服务管理提供重要指导作用。 相似文献
16.
提出一种基于潜在语义索引和本体论的文本语义处理方法。首先构建一个基于本体论的虚拟标准文本特征向量，然后采用潜在语义索引方法以虚拟标准文本特征向量为参照对文本集进行语义聚类，最后在虚拟标准文本特征向量的导引下利用本体库中的知识对聚类获得的文本集合的类别和语义进行显性标注。实验表明，该方法能较好地在语义层面对文本进行有效的聚类，而且聚类结果能显性地显示类聚所属的类别。 相似文献
17.
Andrew WhitmoreAuthor Vitae 《Government Information Quarterly》2012,29(1):68-75
There is much debate among scholars about what constitutes e-government success, what method is best for measuring it, and which variables best describe it. This lack of consensus naturally leads to disagreement about the best approach for ranking the e-government programs of different countries. This article evaluates the current standard in e-government ranking, the United Nations E-government Development Index, by performing a confirmatory factor analysis on the raw data reported in the “Data tables” section of the “Statistical annex” in the 2010 United Nations E-Government Survey. The results identify several technical issues with the index and point to the need for a statistical tool that can be used to evaluate and guide the development of e-government ranking systems. The article recommends that researchers develop a new paradigm for quantitative e-government ranking that uses factor analysis to aid in the selection of variables, the organization of aggregate constructs, and the determination of weights. 相似文献
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针对Web信息检索现状和当前智能检索系统存在的问题，提出一个“先控”智能检索系统，面向基础用户，充分利用质量较高的网络资源分类目录体系，辅助形象化的“知识地图”显示，快速准确地定位用户的信息需求范畴，以提高检索效率和检索精度，同时分析了实现技术和尚待解决的问题。 相似文献
19.
Questions of collection bias in library journal collections usually turn on a left-right political contrast. This article presents another approach that distinguishes between corporate and non-corporate controlled publications. Using this method, the catalog holdings of all Canadian academic libraries were searched to determine the penetration of socio-political titles of mainstream “corporate publishers” and those of “small publishers.” Canadian academic libraries privilege, by a wide margin, mainstream titles published by corporate entities, although some libraries have impressive “small publisher” collections. This article also analyzed the availability of mainstream and small publisher journals provided by ten popular electronic vendors. These vendors provide very low access to non-corporate “small publisher” titles while covering 100% of surveyed mainstream titles. The implications of such provision rates are examined from the perspective of the scholarly browsing process and the role of the university. 相似文献
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This paper examines the evolution of citizen coproduction in the age of social media, web 2.0 interactivity, and ubiquitous connectivity. The paper first discusses the re-emergence of citizen coproduction – whereby citizens perform the role of partner rather than customer in the delivery of public services – as a fashionable policy option in the face of persistent budget deficits and the advent of new channels for mass collaboration. Finding a plethora of competing labels, models, and concepts for coproduction in the age of social media, the paper proposes a unified typology to support systematic analysis based on the overarching categories of “Citizen Sourcing,” “Government as a Platform,” and “Do-It-Yourself Government.” To demonstrate its use, the typology is applied to leading U.S. government implementations. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential implications for public administration, the remaining limitations and rising social concerns, and the possible emergence of a new social contract that empowers the public to play a far more active role in the functioning of their government. 相似文献