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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(22):309-316
This paper describes some major changes which affect searchin of East Slavic names in library catalogs since 1981, when AACR2 was introduced. Three types of names have been selected for illustration: geographical, corporate, and personal names associated with the Russian S.F.S.R., Ukraine and Byelomssian S.S.R. In addition to pointing out new search patterns for East Slavic names thc discussion focuses on how library catalogs have been restructured to accommodate these changes and provides suggestions to Slavic scholars about how they can become familiar with these new searching methods. 相似文献
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目的:提高数字仓储对作者名字的识别。方法:分析在数字资源,特别是在数字仓储中现有的姓名授权及现有仓储应用的一些特性。成果:本文发现作者姓名的变异会对数字仓储的检索带来负面影响,并提出了两种解决途径:一是采用融合了作者姓名、出版日期及作者所属机构的复合标识符;二是要求作者在把论文存放到仓储的同时,输入姓名的各种变异形式意义:首次提出了作者自行存放其姓名变异形式的方法,这将有助于减少姓名识别中存在的模糊性。 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(87-88):5-96
SUMMARY This introduction to Africana reference describes the populations of researchers, the kinds of questions they ask, and how librarians–both specialist and generalist–may respond. It explores issues in “known-item” searches, including name authority and access to material in collected works and series. Choices made by authors, publishers, indexers, librarians, and researchers themselves have an impact on topic searches. Terminology for African languages, ethnic groups, place names, and topics cause problems for novice researchers, but library policy decisions can also impede access. Errors of all kinds–minor or major–can block access to information. The speed of electronic desktop publishing seems to have encouraged reduced care with proofreading, indexing, and verification of quotations and citations. The need for accurate information about Africa is great, but the market for publications and electronic resources focused on Africa is relatively small. This low market share can result in less coverage of Africa in indexes and reference tools. Despite the difficulties encountered in researching Africa, researchers and the librarians who assist them benefit from the tools, services, and initiatives of specialist Africana librarians and from a number of commercially produced resources. 相似文献
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An exploratory study to investigate perceived differences between searching full-text databases and bibliographic databases was undertaken. BRS's full-text database, Comprehensive Core Medical Library (CCML), and BRS's current MEDLINE file (MESH) were compared. Identical literature search topics were run in the two databases and the results evaluated regarding currency of search results, success in answering specific questions, uniqueness of information retrieved, and relevancy of retrieval. Additionally, connect time and costs were noted to aid in determining the feasibility of offering full-text database searching as a service for which the authors' institution would charge. 相似文献
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曾湛伟 《现代图书情报技术》2010,26(6):78-82
针对当前自建特色数据库检索系统存在的检索效率低、检索途径单一等问题,提出基于开源全文检索引擎Sphinx对特色数据库进行全文检索的方法,详细介绍系统实现的关键技术。通过对比测试,该系统能够提高检索速度和检索质量,满足用户的检索需求。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]研究利用维基百科条目的丰富信息来补充完善当前中文名称规范档附加信息不足、名称难以准确区分的问题。[方法/过程]探讨网络环境下个人名称规范档的部分缺陷和维基百科相应的优势,重点阐述维基百科的接口Media Wiki API,并从两个方面探讨实现个人名称规范档与维基百科的链接应用:一是实现从名称规范档到维基百科的链接,二是动态生成个人简介,为名称规范档提供必要的信息来源。[结果/结论]集成维基百科的资源实现中文名称规范档信息的自我完善,有效地建立中文人名名称规范档与维基百科的链接,有助于个人名称的识别与检索。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 旨在解决中文名称规范联合数据库检索系统CNASS的检索结果集记录量大且杂散的问题,实现其检索服务的关联聚簇功能。[方法/过程] 基于FRBR-LRM框架将个人名称规范记录转换为实体-属性-关系的RDF表示,利用记录内嵌的外部LC记录号重定向到VIAF记录,对原记录的作品关系等属性进行扩展。设计中文同名个人规范记录识别与聚簇算法,充分利用扩展后的作品关系,提高记录识别和聚簇的效率。[结果/结论] 选取300个人名,在CNASS中进行检索,对检索结果集运行算法,统计分析每个检索结果集的聚簇数和最大聚簇内记录数,综合计算聚簇效率指标,验证了本文聚簇算法的有效性。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 在数字人文研究这一大趋势下,基于先秦古汉语语料库和条件随机场模型,构建古汉语地名自动识别模型。[方法/过程] 对《春秋左氏传》中的地名的内部和外部特征进行统计分析,构建模型的特征模板。在规模为187, 901个词汇的训练和测试语料上,对比条件随机场模型和最大熵模型的地名识别效果,把调和平均数为90.94%的条件随机场训练模型确定为最佳,作为本文所要构建的模型,并在《国语》语料上进行验证。[结果/结论] 在古汉语地名自动识别中,条件随机场模型优于最大熵模型,基于人工标注过的语料构建条件随机场自动识别模型能取得较好的识别效果。 相似文献
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外国人姓名特点及其在CNMARC个人名称字段的规范标目 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
文章从文化、历史的角度分析了世界各种语言国家人名的构成特点， 具体探讨了几种常用语言外国人姓名在CNMARC个人名称字段的规范标目问题。 相似文献
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文章在简单论述从威妥玛拼音产生到汉语拼音诞生的全过程基础之上,首次在国内全面阐述和分析了<美国国会图书馆拼音转换计划>的主要内容,并且详细、准确地介绍了威氏标音和汉语拼音的对照表,以及美国国会图书馆对于中国传统地名由威氏标音向汉语拼音转换的具体标目修改形式和修改时间.这对于我国中文数据库检索技术的研究和全球信息资源共享来说是相当重要的.这是西方图书馆史上的一个新的里程碑. 相似文献
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关键词是文献检索的主要入口之一,它能直观地反映主题,便于读者检索。其标引质量的高低直接影响到科技文献的有效传播和高效利用,影响着整个信息传播系统的优劣。对其传播效果进行分析,能更好地指导传播实践活动,促进科技期刊的编排质量和学术质量的不断提高。 相似文献
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This article provides a brief history of the development of the MEDLINE database and its huge impact within the UK, from its inception to the present time. The origins of MEDLINE can be traced back to a collection of books in the US Surgeon General's Office during the American Civil War and John Shaw Billings' decision, during 1867, to make this Library as complete as possible. From these beginnings, Index Medicus was developed in the early years of the 20th century, and electronic versions of the database began with the computerized on-demand search service MEDLARS in 1964 and then via CD-ROM and Internet Grateful Med to the web-based and free-to-all service, PubMed, in 1997. The response to PubMed was immediate and startling with usage increasing from 7 million searches per annum in 1996 to 400 million searches per annum in 2001 and the service continues to improve. MEDLINE providers are now offering mapping of natural language queries to the sophisticated indexing vocabulary (Medical Subject Headings, MeSH) and the provision of specific filters for different types of publication to improve searching efficiency, as well as links to full-text versions of the papers where available. The next steps are likely to involve an increased blurring of database and full-text boundaries, incorporating seamless access to the best available evidence within MEDLINE and a wide range of other information resources within a single search and to an increasing amount of full-text via various open-archive initiatives. As ever, the US National Library of Medicine is in the vanguard of research and further applications of its MEDLINE database for users within the UK will be awaited with great interest. 相似文献
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统一检索服务关键技术的研究与实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析并总结4大类数字图书馆资源,分别是商业数据库资源、Internet网页资源、本地自建特色资源和OAI收割元数据资源,研究不同方式的资源整合技术来实现对这几类资源的整合;在此基础上提供一系列服务,重点对统一检索服务的关键技术进行分析,并详细阐述其实现机理和工作流程。统一检索服务通过数据请求模块获取用户的检索条件实现对资源的检索,通过数据分析抽取模块进行分析抽取并存储检索结果,通过Ajax技术将检索结果动态展示给用户,以达到良好的用户体验。 相似文献
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《Journal of Web Librarianship》2013,7(4):267-285
This article summarizes the author's dissertation regarding search strategies of millennial undergraduate students in Web and library online information retrieval systems. Millennials bring a unique set of search characteristics and strategies to their research since they have never known a world without the Web. Through the use of search engines, they have come to expect that searches can be completed using an easy, single search box that produces complete articles on just about any topic. However, the reliability and quality of much of the information on the Web is questionable. Conversely, information that resides in library information retrieval systems is often of high scholarly content, but there is not a single, user-friendly system for millennials to use. A case study investigation was conducted at the State University of New York at Oswego, a public undergraduate university in Central New York. The goal of the study was to identify the search strategies of a sampling of millennial undergraduate students in both Web information retrieval systems and library information retrieval systems in order to expand upon existing theories about millennials and to suggest interface design enhancements, which could make online library information retrieval systems easier for millennials to use. The findings recommend improving database search functionality, such as natural-language searching, spell-checking, and uniform full-text wording and placement. Results also suggested that increasing the availability of full-text articles would contribute to millennials’ use of library information retrieval systems. 相似文献
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《Journal of Web Librarianship》2013,7(2-3):177-204
ABSTRACT Library patrons familiar with Web searching conventions often find library searching to be less familiar and even intimidating. This article describes and evaluates a series of usability research studies employing two different and popular methodologies: user-centered redesign and usability testing. Card sorting and affinity mapping were used to conceptualize how information should be classified and presented on the library's main page. Usability scenarios and think-aloud protocols were used to explore how students, especially those new to the campus, conceptualize the information-seeking process and how they go about conducting a search. Participants included library employees, university faculty, staff, and students. These methods can be replicated by any library, large or small, and demonstrate that even small-scale usability evaluations can improve patrons' understanding of and access to library resources. 相似文献
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Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks integrate autonomous computing resources without requiring a central coordinating authority, which
makes them a potentially robust and scalable model for providing federated search capability to large-scale networks of text-based
digital libraries. However, peer-to-peer networks have so far provided very limited support for full-text federated search
with relevance-based document ranking. This paper provides solutions to full-text federated search of text-based digital libraries
in hierarchical peer-to-peer networks. Existing approaches to full-text search are adapted and new methods are developed for
the problems of resource representation, resource selection, and result merging according to the unique characteristics of
hierarchical peer-to-peer networks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approaches offer a better combination
of accuracy and efficiency than more common alternatives for federated search of text-based digital libraries in peer-to-peer
networks. 相似文献
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基于Lucene的Web站点站内全文检索系统的设计与实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
设计一个基于开源检索工具包Lucene的Web站点站内全文检索系统,详述系统的设计思路与体系架构,并对中英文分词和添加文档索引等关键技术给出具体代码和实现步骤;最后对该系统进行简单的性能测试并与通用搜索引擎的检索结果进行查全率和查准率方面的比较。 相似文献