Early event‐related potentials differences in orthographic processing of native and non‐native Chinese readers          下载免费PDF全文

Yen Na Yum  Sam‐Po Law  Cheuk Fung Lee  Mark Shiu Kee Shum 《Journal of Research in Reading》2018,41(3):403-422

Efficient Chinese character reading requires rapid access to orthographic representations of radical form and position. This study identified the temporal sequence of radical form, radical position and lexicality processing in adult first language (L1) and intermediate second language (L2) Chinese readers. Event‐related potential responses in a one‐back repetition detection task were submitted to linear mixed‐effects models. Violation of radical position produced P100 effects that were left‐lateralized for L1 readers and right‐lateralized for L2 readers. When controlling for P100 activation, radical position produced a left‐lateralized effect at the N170 for L2 readers but no additional activities for L1 readers. Radical form effects were found at the N270 for L1 readers, where radical form violation produced larger N270. Results suggested that radical representations are position‐specific in initial orthographic processing for both groups. However, different temporal dynamics and topographic distributions suggested divergent radical processing for native versus non‐native readers from the beginning.  相似文献   

Valid Normative Information From Customized Achievement Tests     

Wendy M. Yen  Donald Ross Green  George R. Burket 《Educational Measurement》1987,6(1):7-13

This paper discusses how to maintain the integrity of national normative information for achievement tests when the test that is administered has been customized to satisfy local needs and is not a test that has been nationally normed. Using an Item Response Theory perspective, alternative procedures for item selection and calibration are examined with respect to their effect on the accuracy of normative information. It is emphasized that it is important to match the content of the customized test with that of the normed test if accurate normative data are desired.  相似文献   

Investigating the Influence of Motivation on Students’ Conceptual Learning Outcomes in Web-based vs. Classroom-based Science Teaching Contexts     

Hung-Chih Yen  Hsiao-Lin Tuan  Chi-Hung Liao 《Research in Science Education》2011,41(2):211-224

The purposes of this study were to investigate students’ conceptual learning outcomes and the effect of motivation on students’ conceptual learning outcomes in two different contexts: a Web-based and a classroom-based instruction, which incorporated the Dual Situation Learning Model (DSLM). Nine classes of Grade eight students (N = 190) were involved in the study; five classes participated in a Web-based context and four classes in a regular classroom-based context. The topic covered was chemical reaction. Students’ conceptual change outcomes were assessed using eight two-tier pre/post conceptual tests during the instruction and the reaction rate integrated conceptual test at the end of the instruction. Students’ motivation data were collected in the beginning and during instruction using the items from the Students’ Motivation Toward Science Learning (SMTSL) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, ANCOVA, bivariate correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that students’ motivational factors were correlated significantly with their conceptual learning outcomes in both Web-based and classroom-based science teaching. In the Web-based context, students’ motivation during the Web-based learning played a more important role on students’ conceptual learning outcomes than before learning.  相似文献   

华山新麦草和鹅观草属两个种间物种生物学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙根楼  杨俊良  颜济 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1993,31(5):393-398

通过华山新麦草(2n=14，NN)和鹅观草属的两个种(纤毛鹅观草(2n＝28 SY)和鹅观 草(2n=42 SHY))属间杂交，两个组合均得到生长健壮的植株。杂种F1形态上均为双亲的中 间型。纤毛鹅观草×华山新麦草和鹅观草×华山新麦草杂种F1染色体配对构型分别为： 20.73I+0.318II，24.80I+1.57II+0.012III。后期I均出现多极分离。  两个组合均发现减数 分裂过程异常现象。两个组合染色体配对频率表明，华山新麦草的N染色体组同鹅观草属的S、Y或H染色体组间存在很小的部分同源性，它们间的亲缘关系甚远。  相似文献   

Generation of murine induced pluripotent stem cells by using high-density distributed electrodes network     

Ming-Yu Lu  Zhihong Li  Shiaw-Min Hwang  B. Linju Yen  Gwo-Bin Lee 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(5)

This study reports a robust method of gene transfection in a murine primary cell model by using a high-density electrodes network (HDEN). By demonstrating high cell viability after gene transfection and successful expression of transgenes including fluorescent proteins, the HDEN device shows great promise as a solution in which reprogramming efficiency using non-viral induction for generation of murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is optimized. High and steady transgene expression levels in host cells of iPSCs can be demonstrated using this method. Moreover, the HDEN device achieved successful gene transfection with a low voltage of less than 180 V while requiring relatively low cell numbers (less than 1.5 × 10⁴ cells). The results are comparable to current conventional methods, demonstrating a reasonable fluorescent-plasmid transfection rate (42.4% in single transfection and 24.5% in triple transfection) and high cell viability of over 95%. The gene expression levels of each iPSC factor was measured to be over 10-fold higher than that reported in previous studies using a single mouse embryonic fibroblast cell. Our results demonstrate that the generation of iPSCs using HDEN transfection of plasmid DNA may be a feasible and safe alternative to using viral transfection methods in the near future.  相似文献   

Strengthening reinforced concrete beams using prestressed glass fiber-reinforced polymer-Part Ⅱ： Analytical study     

HUANG Yue-lin HUNG Chien-hsing YEN Tsong WU Jong-hwei LIN Yiching 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2005,6(8):844-852

Strengthening reinforced concrete （R. C.） beams using prestressed glass fiber-reinforced polymer （PGFRP） was studied experimentally as described in Part I of this paper （Huang et al., 2005）. In that paper, R. C. beams, R. C. beams with GFRP （glass fiber-reinforced polymer） sheets, and R. C. beams with PGFRP sheets were tested in both under-strengthened and over-strengthened cases. The test results showed that the load-carrying capacities （ultimate loads） of the beams with GFRP sheets were greater than those of the beams without polymer sheets. The load-carrying capacities of beams with PGFRP sheets were greater than those of beams with GFRP sheets. The objective of this work is to develop an analytical method to compute all of these load-carrying capacities. This analytical method is independent of the experiments and based only on the traditional R. C. and P. C. （prestressed concrete） theory. The analytical results accorded with the test results. It is suggested that this analytical method be used for analyzing and designing R. C. beams strengthened using GFRP or PGFRP sheets.  相似文献   

Practice makes better? A study of meditation learners in a classroom environment     

Chin‐Yen Lin  Yen‐Ku Kuo  Yen‐Lin Kuo  Li‐An Ho  Chien‐Ting Lin 《Educational studies》2007,33(1):65-80

The study investigates the effect of length of meditation history on various factors, namely learning motivation, learning outcome and classroom climate. Data were collected from working adult learners (n = 450) attending meditation classes in two large cities in Taiwan. The investigation categorized learners based on meditation experience, namely <1 year, 1–3 years, 4–6 years, 7–10 years and >10 years. The study investigated how experience affects learners in their perception of motivation, learning outcome and classroom climate, using one‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc analysis. Results showed a non‐linear ordered response—longer meditation experience does not in all cases increase benefits gained from meditation. A follow‐up group discussion with learners identified learning fatigue as a possible factor for the non‐linear results. In addition, through canonical correlation analysis, the study also showed that learning motivation and classroom climate is strongly correlated with learning outcome. The paper concludes with a discussion of results.  相似文献   

Direct transformation of n-alkane into all-trans conjugated polyene via cascade dehydrogenation     

Xuechao Li  Kaifeng Niu  Junjie Zhang  Xiaojuan Yu  Haiming Zhang  Yuemin Wang  Qing Guo  Pengdong Wang  Fangsen Li  Zhengming Hao  Chaojie Xu  Yanning Tang  Zhichao Xu  Shuai Lu  Peng Liu  Guigu Xue  Yen Wei  Lifeng Chi 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(10)

Selective C(sp³) −H activation is of fundamental importance in processing alkane feedstocks to produce high-value-added chemical products. By virtue of an on-surface synthesis strategy, we report selective cascade dehydrogenation of n-alkane molecules under surface constraints, which yields monodispersed all-trans conjugated polyenes with unprecedented length controllability. We are also able to demonstrate the generality of this concept for alkyl-substituted molecules with programmable lengths and diverse functionalities, and more importantly its promising potential in molecular wiring.  相似文献   

Analytical and experimental bearing capacities of system scaffolds     

Jui-lin Peng  Tsong Yen  Ching-chi Kuo  Siu-lai Chan 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2009,10(1):82-92

We investigated the structural behavior and bearing capacity of system scaffolds. The research showed that the critical load of a system scaffold structure without diagonal braces is similar to that of a door-shaped steel scaffold structure. Joint stiffness between vertical props in system scaffolds can be defined based on a comparison between analytical and experimental results. When the number of scaffold stories increases, the critical loads of system scaffolds decrease. Diagonal braces markedly enhance the critical load of system scaffolds. The coupling joint position between vertical props should be kept away from story-to-story joints to prevent a reduction in critical loads. The critical load of a system scaffold decreases as the quantity of extended vertical props at the bottom of the structure increases. A large Christmas tree set up by system scaffolds under various loads was used as an example for analysis and to check the design of system scaffolds.  相似文献   

CONTENT ANALYSIS OF 1998–2012 EMPIRICAL STUDIES IN SCIENCE READING USING A SELF-REGULATED LEARNING LENS     

Hsu  Ying-Shao  Yen  Miao-Hsuan  Chang  Wen-Hua  Wang  Chia-Yu  Chen  Sufen 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2014,12(1):1-23

In this study, we investigated the impact of teaming school-based instructional coaches with science or mathematics middle school teachers to build a community of practice around inquiry instruction. This professional development model began with a 2-week summer institute and continued with four follow-up sessions during the academic school year for the teacher and instructional coach participants. The teachers’ participation in this professional development program with (1) content instruction through inquiry lessons, (2) practice teaching to middle school students, and (3) coach-led reflection improved their understanding of inquiry-based practices and the quality of their classroom inquiry implementation. Professional development experiences that prepare teachers and coaches simultaneously in inquiry and content may help build a shared language for reform and accelerate inquiry instructional changes.  相似文献