Helping infants cope with day care     

Dorothy Rodriguez  Roger Rossiter  William Hignett 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1980,8(2):7-11

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The persistence of social attraction in socially deprived and satiated rats     

Bibb Latané  Claude Steele 《Learning & behavior》1975,3(2):131-134

Pairs of socially deprived or satiated rats were observed for 71÷2 continuous hours in an open field. Social contact increased monotonically throughout this time, with socially deprived animals showing more attraction, and a greater increase in attraction, than satiated animals. The quality of social contact changed, however, from a predominantly active interaction, in which the most sociable animals were most mobile, to a predominantly passive huddling, in which the most sociable animals were least mobile. The results suggest that social attraction in rats is not transitory, and may serve several different functions.  相似文献   

A reflective approach to science methods courses for preservice elementary teachers     

Dr. Dorothy B. Rosenthal 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》1991,2(1):1-6

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Implementing impact evaluation in professional practice: A study of support needs within the museum, archive and library sector   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dorothy A.  Caroline  Graeme  Alan  Debbie 《International Journal of Information Management》2005,25(6):533-548

This paper reports on research into the professional needs of those embarking on impact evaluation in the museum, archive and library sector. The research used a web portal providing impact evaluation research findings and examples of methods and toolkits as a means of facilitating response and discussion about practitioner attitude to, and resource needs for, impact evaluation in their own organisations. The various challenges associated with impact evaluation are briefly explored in relation to the conflicting interests of policy makers, managers and practitioners working in the frontline. Respondents’ reactions to issues associated with information accessibility are discussed and reflect the complexity of providing adequate support for a wide range of professionals with varying experience and potential or perceived needs. Although the study focused on one sector of practitioners, the findings are relevant to all professionals aiming to develop high quality information services and systems in relation to their end users.  相似文献   

Investigating orthographic and semantic aspects of word learning in poor comprehenders     

Jessie Ricketts  Dorothy V.M. Bishop  Kate Nation 《Journal of Research in Reading》2008,31(1):117-135

This study compared orthographic and semantic aspects of word learning in children who differed in reading comprehension skill. Poor comprehenders and controls matched for age (9–10 years), nonverbal ability and decoding skill were trained to pronounce 20 visually presented nonwords, 10 in a consistent way and 10 in an inconsistent way. They then had an opportunity to infer the meanings of the new words from story context. Orthographic learning was measured in three ways: the number of trials taken to learn to pronounce nonwords correctly, orthographic choice and spelling. Across all measures, consistent items were easier than inconsistent items and poor comprehenders did not differ from control children. Semantic learning was assessed on three occasions, using a nonword–picture matching task. While poor comprehenders showed equivalent semantic learning to controls immediately after exposure to nonword meaning, this knowledge was not well retained over time. Results are discussed in terms of the language and reading skills of poor comprehenders and in relation to current models of reading development.  相似文献   

Interpersonal communication patterns among Swedish and Boston-area entrepreneurs     

Dorothy Leonard-Barton 《Research Policy》1984,13(2):101-114

This paper investigates the uses of personal communication networks by entrepreneurs in Sweden and among “Route 128” companies around the Boston, Massachusetts area. Swedish entrepreneurs appear to use personal contacts as a source of relevant business information less than their American counterparts. Moreover, relatively more successful Swedish entrepreneurs are characterized by access to product development and other business information through experience in the industry, contacts with outside consultants, and extensive travel.  相似文献   

Effect of Time on Perceived Gains from an Undergraduate Research Program     

Omolola A. Adedokun  Loran C. Parker  Amy Childress  Wilella Burgess  Robin Adams  Christopher R. Agnew  James Leary  Deborah Knapp  Cleveland Shields  Sophie Lelievre  Dorothy Teegarden 《CBE life sciences education》2014,13(1):139-148

The current study examines the trajectories of student perceived gains as a result of time spent in an undergraduate research experience (URE). Data for the study come from a survey administered at three points over a 1-yr period: before participation in the program, at the end of a Summer segment of research, and at the end of the year. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine the effect of time on perceived gains in student research skills, research confidence, and understanding of research processes. The results suggest that the students experienced different gains/benefits at developmentally different stages of their UREs. Participants reported gains in fewer areas at the end of the Summer segment compared with the end of the yearlong experience, thus supporting the notion that longer UREs offer students more benefit.  相似文献   

How Does Parental Reading Influence Children’s Reading? A Study of Cognitive Mediation     

Elsje van Bergen  Dorothy Bishop  Titia van Zuijen  Peter F. de Jong 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2015,19(5):325-339

Cognitive processes underlying a behavioural outcome (like reading ability) and the impact of familial risk (e.g., for dyslexia) have been studied in isolation. We present a novel design, linking the two avenues. How do familial influences impact on children’s cognitive skills, which subsequently underlie reading development? Participants from the Familial Influences on Literacy Abilities (FIOLA) Project included 373 children and their parents. We considered three causal routes from parental reading and children’s putative cognitive endophenotypes to children’s reading. Path analyses showed that half of parental effects on children’s reading bypassed and half operated through children’s cognitive underpinnings. Spousal correlation was small but significant. Findings do not support a strong hypothesis of cognitive endophenotypes with full mediation. Furthermore, we discuss the use of parental skills as a proxy for offspring’s liability. Finally, familial reading difficulties are not fully accounted for by known cognitive skills, which has implications for dyslexia diagnosis.  相似文献   

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire and Adult Attachment Interview (AAI): Implications for parent child relationships     

Anne Murphy  Miriam Steele  Shanta Rishi Dube  Jordan Bate  Karen Bonuck  Paul Meissner  Hannah Goldman  Howard Steele 《Child abuse & neglect》2014

Although Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are linked to increased health problems and risk behaviors in adulthood, there are no studies on the association between ACEs and adults’ states of mind regarding their early childhood attachments, loss, and trauma experiences. To validate the ACEs questions, we analyzed the association between ACEs and emotional support indicators and Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) classifications in terms of unresolved mourning regarding past loss or trauma and discordant states of mind in cannot classify (U/CC) interviews. Seventy-five urban women (41 clinical and 34 community) completed a questionnaire on ACEs, which included 10 categories of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, in addition to emotional support. Internal psychological processes or states of mind concerning attachment were assessed using the AAI. ACE responses were internally consistent (Cronbach's α = .88). In the clinical sample, 84% reported ≥ 4 ACEs compared to 27% among the community sample. AAIs judged U/CC occurred in 76% of the clinical sample compared to 9% in the community sample. When ACEs were ≥ 4, 65% of AAIs were classified U/CC. Absence of emotional support in the ACEs questionnaire was associated with 72% of AAIs being classified U/CC. As the number of ACEs and the lack of emotional support increases so too does the probability of AAIs being classified as U/CC. Findings provide rationale for including ACEs questions in pediatric screening protocols to identify and offer treatment reducing the intergenerational transmission of risk associated with problematic parenting.  相似文献   

Political Ideology and Perceptions of Social Justice Advocacy Among Members of the American Counseling Association     

Janeé M. Steele  Gary H. Bischof  Stephen E. Craig 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2014,36(4):450-467

This study explored perceptions of social justice advocacy among liberal, moderate, and conservative members (N?=?214) of the American Counseling Association (ACA). Results showed that conservative participants had somewhat less favorable perceptions of social justice advocacy, but generally did not differ statistically from liberal and moderate participants. Statistically significant differences, however, were found among extremely liberal participants. All participants generally supported the use of ACA resources for social activism. Implications and limitations are discussed.  相似文献