Individual, family, and neighborhood factors distinguish resilient from non-resilient maltreated children: a cumulative stressors model   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jaffee SR  Caspi A  Moffitt TE  Polo-Tomás M  Taylor A 《Child abuse & neglect》2007,31(3):231-253

OBJECTIVE: Children who are physically maltreated are at risk of a range of adverse outcomes in childhood and adulthood, but some children who are maltreated manage to function well despite their history of adversity. Which individual, family, and neighborhood characteristics distinguish resilient from non-resilient maltreated children? Do children's individual strengths promote resilience even when children are exposed to multiple family and neighborhood stressors (cumulative stressors model)? METHODS: Data were from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Study which describes a nationally representative sample of 1,116 twin pairs and their families. Families were home-visited when the twins were 5 and 7 years old, and teachers provided information about children's behavior at school. Interviewers rated the likelihood that children had been maltreated based on mothers' reports of harm to the child and child welfare involvement with the family. RESULTS: Resilient children were those who engaged in normative levels of antisocial behavior despite having been maltreated. Boys (but not girls) who had above-average intelligence and whose parents had relatively few symptoms of antisocial personality were more likely to be resilient versus non-resilient to maltreatment. Children whose parents had substance use problems and who lived in relatively high crime neighborhoods that were low on social cohesion and informal social control were less likely to be resilient versus non-resilient to maltreatment. Consistent with a cumulative stressors model of children's adaptation, individual strengths distinguished resilient from non-resilient children under conditions of low, but not high, family and neighborhood stress. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that for children residing in multi-problem families, personal resources may not be sufficient to promote their adaptive functioning.  相似文献   

Improving credibility assessment in child sexual abuse allegations: the role of the NICHD investigative interview protocol     

Hershkowitz I  Fisher S  Lamb ME  Horowitz D 《Child abuse & neglect》2007,31(2):99-110

OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to explore whether the credibility of children's statements regarding their alleged experiences of child sexual abuse could be assessed in a more valid and reliable way when investigative interviews were conducted using the NICHD protocol rather than in an unstructured manner. METHODS: Forty-two experienced Israeli youth investigators each assessed the credibility of allegations of sexual abuse made by alleged victims of sexual abuse when interviewed either with or without the protocol. Half of the alleged incidents were judged likely to have happened ("plausible") on the basis of independent evidence, while half were deemed unlikely to have happened ("implausible"). RESULTS: More non-protocol than protocol interviews were rated as "No judgment possible" rather than either credible or incredible. Allegations made in protocol interviews were more accurately rated as credible or incredible when they were either plausible or implausible, respectively, than those made in non-protocol statements. Levels of inter-rater reliability were also higher when protocol interviews were rated. The differences were significant only for plausible cases, however. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the NICHD protocol facilitated the assessment of credibility by child investigators although incredible allegations (those describing incidents that were unlikely to have happened) remained difficult to detect, even when the protocol was used.  相似文献   

"EDA技术与应用"实验与实践教学改革   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

梁洪卫  高丙坤  邱晓宇  王秀芳  阚玲玲 《实验技术与管理》2011,28(1)

通过对EDA技术与应用课程教学内容、实验教学手段、实践教学方法等几个方面的研究,根据近几年的教学经验,对EDA技术与应用课程的教学内容进行了定位。针对目前高校EDA(electronic designautomation,电子设计自动化)技术教学中的各种缺点,并结合实际的教学特点,提出几种改革创新方法。  相似文献   

脉冲电晕法处理含苯废气实验研究     

翁棣  张艳  楼婷婷  吕碧洪  徐涛  张文聪 《实验技术与管理》2011,28(5):32-36

挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染与控制技术日益受到重视。近年来发展起来的非平衡等离子体技术在治理VOCs方面已初步显示其独特的技术优势,现已成为废气治理研究领域中的前沿热点课题之一。等离子体法降解VOCs的机理较为复杂,研究不同线路对VOCs降解过程的影响意义重大。采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体技术,建立了混合电晕、有机电晕、空气电晕和分别电晕4种不同的实验方案,选取苯为代表物质进行实验研究,在初始浓度、停留时间和电源参数等一定的条件下,考察脉冲电压对苯去除率的影响。结果表明,电压为140kV、混合电晕时苯的去除率达到82.73%,脉冲电晕技术处理低浓度有机废气效果较好。  相似文献   

转变观念加强培训建设一流实验队伍   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

房迪  王育萍  倪孟良  王艳华  朱宏 《实验室研究与探索》2011,30(5)

实验队伍作为实验室建设和发展的中坚力量,是实验室建设和管理的关键因素,加强实验队伍建设是建设一流实验室的重要保证.从4个方面分析、讨论了目前高校实验队伍中存在的一些问题,并提出从"转变观念"、"优化结构"、"完善体制"、"加强培训"等几方面加强实验队伍建设、提高整体素质的改革建议和举措.  相似文献   

Discrimination and Ethnic–Racial Identity: Understanding Direction of Effects Using Within- and Between-Person Analyses     

Katharine H. Zeiders  Sara D. Bayless  Chelsea L. Derlan  Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor  Kimberly A. Updegraff  Laudan B. Jahromi 《Child development》2019,90(3):e373-e385

Ethnic–racial identity (ERI) development and ethnic–racial discrimination are two salient experiences among adolescents in the United States. Despite growing awareness of the costs and benefits of these experiences individually, we know little about how they may influence one another. The current study examined competing hypotheses relating discrimination and components of ERI (i.e., exploration, resolution, affirmation) among a sample of Mexican-origin adolescent mothers (N = 181; M_age at Wave 1 = 16.83, SD = 1.01) across six waves of data. Findings revealed that within-person changes in discrimination predicted subsequent ERI resolution and affirmation; however, ERI did not predict subsequent discrimination. Between-person effects of discrimination on affirmation were significant. Our findings underscore the importance of discrimination experiences in shaping Mexican-origin adolescent mothers’ normative developmental competencies.  相似文献   

The interplay between self-determined motivation,self-regulated cognitive strategies,and prior achievement in predicting academic performance     

Sara Manganelli  Elisa Cavicchiolo  Luca Mallia  Valeria Biasi  Fabio Lucidi  Fabio Alivernini 《教育心理学》2019,39(4):470-488

The present study examined the interplay between self-determined motivation and the use of cognitive strategies in predicting university students’ academic performance while taking into account the effect of prior achievement. A theory based model was tested using structural equation modeling on a sample of 764 Italian university students. Results showed that prior achievement influenced students’ academic performance and their motivation and use of cognitive strategies. Critical thinking was the only cognitive strategy which proved to have a significant impact on students’ academic performance. Autonomous motivation had an indirect positive impact on academic performance through its influence on the critical thinking strategy. Controlled motivation had a direct negative impact on academic performance. On the whole, our findings suggest that autonomously motivated students tend to achieve better academic performance by using critical thinking, while students who are driven by controlled motivation have lower academic performance.  相似文献   

Situated decoding of gender in a Swedish preschool practice     

Sara Frödén 《Ethnography and Education》2019,14(2):121-135

This article is based on data generated in an ethnographic study of gender in a Swedish preschool. Drawing on Judith Butler’s understanding of performativity and (un)doing of gender, a new theoretical concept, situated decoding of gender, is further developed by showing how the material and spatial dimension of the educational practice and the teachers’ actions contribute to establishing and maintaining this process in an early childhood educational setting. Instead of normalising the gender binary, a reverse process occurs that turns what is perceived as feminine or masculine into a gender decoded state in which gender is made less relevant, or even irrelevant. It is argued that this continuous reiterative process emerges and is maintained by three main factors: (a) the preschool’s physical environment, (b) the regular and repetitive structure of the educational practice and (c) the consistent actions of the teachers in the everyday practice.  相似文献   

弗莱雷成人教育思想及其对我国西部农村成人教育的启示     

吴涤 《西北成人教育学报》2011,(1):11-12

弗莱雷毕生致力于成人教育,他的成人教育思想一直广为流传。本文试图从成人教育的目的、内容、方法等三个方面进行描述,并探索其对我国西部农村成人教育的启示。  相似文献   

基于SPI协议的音频解码芯片VS1003的读写机制及实现方法     

李媛  吕广申  李笛 《洛阳工业高等专科学校学报》2011,21(2)

介绍了一种基于SPI协议的音频解码芯片VS1003,详细介绍了VS1003芯片的读写机制,并给出了VS1003与单片机LPC2131的接口电路图,重点介绍了如何采用VS1003的SCI和SDI实现与LPC2131通信的软件流程图。  相似文献