规划与决策的信息系统与技术     

Batty  M 周智佑 《国外情报科学》1991,(3):36-41,49

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挑选运动员在最合适的运动项目上     

韦恩L·韦斯特科特  陈流 《体育科技》1991,(4)

在人体中至少有七个遗传的因素影响着运动员的运动能力如:身高、体重、四肢长度、肌肉长度、肌腱附着点,肌纤维类型以及脂肪的百分比。这些遗传因素中的每一个因素与运动成绩的联系都很密切。身高身高常常是选择运动项目的一个主要决定因素。例如,大多数成功的篮球、排球和美式足球运动员其身高都是在人的平均身高之上;相反,在体操、跳水和摔跤项目上的许多运动员却是处在平均身高之下。通常在田径项目中,大多数跳高运动员的身材是比较高的,而大多数长跑运动员则相对较矮。  相似文献   

语言是阅读教学的基石     

阿瑟尔·海尔曼  梯墨塞·布赖尔  威廉·鲁普莱  刘群英 《开封教育学院学报》1990,(2)

语言持续不断地形成着我们对世界和对自己的看法。阅读的能力是以语言为基础的,听、说、写等语言能力也是如此。一切语言活动都把交流思想当作它们的中心目的。利用学生的听和说的能力,培养对书面语言的理解,这是学校的任务,只有靠综合运用各种语言能力才能实现这个目的。教授阅读一定不能孤立于其它语言活动,而应该利用孩子们丰富的语言背景。教师设计和实施一套综合的,以语言为基础的阅读教学计划的能力是由他对我们目前的语言知识的理解决定的。  相似文献   

二十一世纪的全球教育     

S·拉姆勒  夏惠贤 《比较教育研究》1993,(3)

1989年年末东欧和苏联的剧变,悬而未决的欧洲经济一体化、东西德的统一及日本对全世界的影响一——所有这些问题都将深刻地影响着九十年代,并将决定二十一世纪的进程。我们的学生应该了解:在未来世界中我们所熟悉的地缘政治边界和经济设想正在被新的现实所取代。这些都呼唤着有实质性的各级各类学校的全球教育。  相似文献   

《我最亲爱的洛蒂——一个美国大兵写自60年前的中国战区》连载之七     

卢·格里斯特  李淑娟  郑涛 《对外大传播》2006,(9)

60年前的中国,布满了伤痕,弥漫着战争的硝烟。但凡是生活河流淌过的地方,必将激荡起晶莹的浪花。这虽是美国大兵写自60年前中国战区的家书,但正如他的夫人洛蒂坚信的那样,由于“每本书都暗含着一个缘由,一段故事,一样期望,一种鼓励。不管等多久,总有一天,这些东西会结集出版”,因为这里有对生活对亲人无边的爱和无尽的感激。翻阅此书,一段段真实生动的文字,一幅幅可爱的小画插图,仿佛让人们看到了一场场历史活剧。让人们不仅感受到扑鼻的战争硝烟,亦会领略到中美军民并肩战斗的友谊与合作,以及蕴藏在普通人生活中的勇气和幽默。作者卢·格里斯特(Lou Glist)具有50年从商经历。1982年他从壳牌石油公司退体。不久前,应邀前来参加中国人民抗日战争胜利暨世界反法西斯战争胜利60周年系列纪念活动的卢·格里斯特和夫人,在首发式上为新世界出版社出版的《我最亲爱的洛蒂——一个美国大兵写自60年前中国战区》一书签名。同时,人们也为这对携手走过61年爱河的夫妇举行了庆祝活动。作者因病于2005年10月在美国去世。  相似文献   

Dynamics of the basketball shot with application to the free throw     

Okubo H  Hubbard M 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(12):1303-1314

A completely general three-dimensional dynamic model is presented for the motion of basketball shots that may contact the rim, the backboard, the bridge between the rim and board, and possibly the board and the bridge simultaneously. Non-linear ordinary differential equations with six degrees of freedom describe the ball angular velocity and ball centre position. The model includes radial ball compliance and damping and contains five sub-models: purely gravitational flight, and ball-rim, ball-bridge, ball-board, and ball-bridge-board contact. Each contact sub-model has both slipping and non-slipping motions. Switching between the sub-models depends on the reaction force at, and velocity of, the contact point. Although the model can be used to study shots from any point on the court, we here use it to study the sets of free throw release angle, velocity, angular velocity, and lateral deviation angle that result in success (capture), as well as underhand free throws and those using an under-inflated ball. Free throw shots with larger backspin, lower inflation pressures, and underhand release conditions are shown to result in larger capture percentages.  相似文献   

The role of effort in moderating the anxiety-performance relationship: Testing the prediction of processing efficiency theory in simulated rally driving     

Wilson M  Smith NC  Chattington M  Ford M  Marple-Horvat DE 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(11):1223-1233

We tested some of the key predictions of processing efficiency theory using a simulated rally driving task. Two groups of participants were classified as either dispositionally high or low anxious based on trait anxiety scores and trained on a simulated driving task. Participants then raced individually on two similar courses under counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the level of anxiety experienced. The effort exerted on the driving tasks was assessed though self-report (RSME), psychophysiological measures (pupil dilation) and visual gaze data. Efficiency was measured in terms of efficiency of visual processing (search rate) and driving control (variability of wheel and accelerator pedal) indices. Driving performance was measured as the time taken to complete the course. As predicted, increased anxiety had a negative effect on processing efficiency as indexed by the self-report, pupillary response and variability of gaze data. Predicted differences due to dispositional levels of anxiety were also found in the driving control and effort data. Although both groups of drivers performed worse under the threatening condition, the performance of the high trait anxious individuals was affected to a greater extent by the anxiety manipulation than the performance of the low trait anxious drivers. The findings suggest that processing efficiency theory holds promise as a theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in sport.  相似文献   

美国女体育记者今昔     

雪利·里查蒂  宋建中  杨晓白 《青年记者》2006,(5):69-71

如今人们也许很难想象,即使在上世纪80年代,美国从事体育新闻报道的女性还面对着来自男运动员、男教练甚至是男性同行的威胁与折磨。现在,很多刚迈入体育新闻行的年轻女孩往往认为从事这份工作是理所当然的。她们对于前辈们为争得平等的待遇所付出的努力缺乏认识和感恩的心态。  相似文献   

The relationship between peak height velocity and physical performance in youth soccer players   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Philippaerts RM  Vaeyens R  Janssens M  Van Renterghem B  Matthys D  Craen R  Bourgois J  Vrijens J  Beunen G  Malina RM 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(3):221-230

Longitudinal changes in height, weight and physical performance were studied in 33 Flemish male youth soccer players from the Ghent Youth Soccer Project. The players' ages at the start of the study ranged from 10.4 to 13.7 years, with a mean age of 12.2 +/- 0.7 years. Longitudinal changes were studied over a 5 year period. Peak height velocity and peak weight velocity were determined using non-smoothed polynomials. The estimations of peak height velocity, peak weight velocity and age at peak height velocity were 9.7 +/- 1.5 cm x year-1, 8.4 +/- 3.0 kg x year-1 and 13.8 +/- 0.8 years, respectively. Peak weight velocity occurred, on average, at the same age as peak height velocity. Balance, speed of limb movement, trunk strength, upper-body muscular endurance, explosive strength, running speed and agility, cardiorespiratory endurance and anaerobic capacity showed peak development at peak height velocity. A plateau in the velocity curves was observed after peak height velocity for upper-body muscular endurance, explosive strength and running speed. Flexibility exhibited peak development during the tear after peak height velocity. Trainers and coaches should be aware of the individual characteristics of the adolescent growth spurt and the training load should also be individualized at this time.  相似文献   

俄罗斯会出现“普京突破期”吗?     

弗亚切斯拉夫·科斯基科夫  胡雅娟 《对外大传播》2006,(1)

俄罗斯《论据与事实》 2005年12月7日文章很多读者都很想知道,俄罗斯现政府能否在历史上留下属于自己的一笔。俄罗斯有这样一个传统,就是总喜欢把各个历史时期以领导者的名字来命名。我们经常说到的有“列宁电气化时期”,“斯大林个人崇拜时期”,“赫鲁晓夫解冻时期”,“勃列日涅夫停滞期”, “叶利钦膨胀时期”。“当弗·普京把政权交接给下一任  相似文献