Physiological efficiency of constant power output at varying pedal rates     

E.G. Merrill  J.A. White 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(1):25-34

Abstract

The study investigated the absolute and relative (% maximal) physiological demands of constant power output at three pedal rates chosen to incorporate the range used by racing cyclists. Following the assessment of maximal exercise capabilities utilizing a recently developed racing cycle ergometry system, ten highly trained racing cyclists undertook a randomized sequence of work bouts at low (70.0 ± 1.1), medium (94.8 ± 0.8) and high (126.5 ± 1.1) pedal rates per minute at constant power output under an unloaded (free wheel) condition and under a loaded (196.2 ± 8.0 W) condition which demanded approximately 75% VO₂ max. In both the unloaded and loaded conditions absolute cardiorespiratory demands of work at the highest pedal rate were significantly higher than those at the low and medium pedal rates (P<0.05). Similarly, the relative (% max) cardiorespiratory demands of unloaded work at the highest pedalling rate were significantly greater that at low and medium pedal rates (P < 0.05). There were clear, but nonsignificant trends of elevated relative cardiorespiratory demands during loaded work at the highest pedal rate, compared with low and medium pedal rates. Furthermore, net muscular efficiency demonstrated a significant decline (P<0.01) at the highest pedalling rate (21.2%) compared with the medium (24.0%) and low (25.6%) pedalling rates, confirming that metabolic economy of constant power output declined with increased pedalling rate under simulated racing cycling conditions.  相似文献   

Predicting learning,attitude shift,and skill improvement from a traffic safety film     

Irving R. Merrill  Hildreth H. McAshan 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1960,8(5):263-274

  相似文献   

What Are They Thinking? Automated Analysis of Student Writing about Acid–Base Chemistry in Introductory Biology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

KC Haudek  LB Prevost  RA Moscarella  J Merrill  M Urban-Lurain 《CBE life sciences education》2012,11(3):283-293

Students' writing can provide better insight into their thinking than can multiple-choice questions. However, resource constraints often prevent faculty from using writing assessments in large undergraduate science courses. We investigated the use of computer software to analyze student writing and to uncover student ideas about chemistry in an introductory biology course. Students were asked to predict acid-base behavior of biological functional groups and to explain their answers. Student explanations were rated by two independent raters. Responses were also analyzed using SPSS Text Analysis for Surveys and a custom library of science-related terms and lexical categories relevant to the assessment item. These analyses revealed conceptual connections made by students, student difficulties explaining these topics, and the heterogeneity of student ideas. We validated the lexical analysis by correlating student interviews with the lexical analysis. We used discriminant analysis to create classification functions that identified seven key lexical categories that predict expert scoring (interrater reliability with experts = 0.899). This study suggests that computerized lexical analysis may be useful for automatically categorizing large numbers of student open-ended responses. Lexical analysis provides instructors unique insights into student thinking and a whole-class perspective that are difficult to obtain from multiple-choice questions or reading individual responses.  相似文献   

Exploring undergraduates' understanding of photosynthesis using diagnostic question clusters     

Parker JM  Anderson CW  Heidemann M  Merrill J  Merritt B  Richmond G  Urban-Lurain M 《CBE life sciences education》2012,11(1):47-57

We present a diagnostic question cluster (DQC) that assesses undergraduates' thinking about photosynthesis. This assessment tool is not designed to identify individual misconceptions. Rather, it is focused on students' abilities to apply basic concepts about photosynthesis by reasoning with a coordinated set of practices based on a few scientific principles: conservation of matter, conservation of energy, and the hierarchical nature of biological systems. Data on students' responses to the cluster items and uses of some of the questions in multiple-choice, multiple-true/false, and essay formats are compared. A cross-over study indicates that the multiple-true/false format shows promise as a machine-gradable format that identifies students who have a mixture of accurate and inaccurate ideas. In addition, interviews with students about their choices on three multiple-choice questions reveal the fragility of students' understanding. Collectively, the data show that many undergraduates lack both a basic understanding of the role of photosynthesis in plant metabolism and the ability to reason with scientific principles when learning new content. Implications for instruction are discussed.  相似文献   

Higher Education: Who Pays? Who Gains? by M. M. Chambers. Danville,Ill.: The Interstate Printers & Publishers, 1968. 302 pp. $6.95     

E. C. Merrill Jr. 《The Educational forum》2013,77(1):148-149

  相似文献   

Mechanism     

A.A. Merrill 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1935,219(4):477-481

  相似文献   

Videodisc technology in education: The current scene     

Paul F. Merrill  Junius L. Bennion 《Performance Improvement》1979,18(9):18-19

  相似文献   

首要教学原理   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12  

M.David Merrill  盛群力  马兰 《远程教育杂志》2003,50(4):20-27

本刊“海外”栏目在推介翻译国外远程教育专家、学者及其最新成果方面一直不遗余力,广受读者好评。最近根据读者的需求,本刊力邀浙江大学教育技术科学研究所所长盛群力教授策划、主持,从本期开始在“海外”栏目推出——“教育技术与教学设计国际新视野”系列,集束刊载国际知名学者的论文著述,着重评介教育技术与教学设计的新成果,传播代表性的先进学习与教学理念及其操作策略。 首批计划推出的专家为 Jeroen J.G.Van Merrienboer,教学技术学博士,荷兰开放大学教育技术研究中心教授; Marcy P.Driscoll,教育心理学博士,美国佛罗里达州立大学教育研究系主任、教授; M.David Merrill,博士,美国Utah州立大学教授、当代著名教学设计与技术理论家; Charles M.Reigeluth,教育心理学博士,美国印第安那大学教育学院教学系统技术系教授; David H.Jonassen,教育媒体和教育技术博士,美国密苏里-哥伦亚比亚信息科学和学习技术学院教授。 我们希望这一系列的推出,可以让读者了解更多具有国际水准的先进教学理念和学习理念,以及这些理念产生的人文背景和技术背景等,在注重现实的比较中把握各种先进理念的精神内核,在多种思想的碰撞中,催生出更多新知。 我们真诚欢迎广大读者积极参与,给出您的评价。请致函:zz@zjtvu.edu.  相似文献   

Using Constructivist Instructional Design Featured in Two Online Courses: Notes From the Field     

Vivian Rossner‐Merrill  Drew Parker  Carolyn Mamchur  Stephanie Chu 《Educational Media International》2013,50(4):282-288

Abstract

We thought that the close integration of theory and practice offered by constructivism promises unique opportunities to maximize learning in online courses using interactive software as the primary medium of communication. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine the ‘goodness of fit’ between principles drawn from constructivist theories and the design and implementation of the interactive online course.  相似文献   

Measurements of wave lengths in the spectra of krypton and xenon     

Paul W. Merrill 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1919,188(4):553-554

  相似文献