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Bahar Köymen Cathal O’Madagain Andreas Domberg Michael Tomasello 《Child development》2020,91(3):685-693
In collaborative problem solving, children produce and evaluate arguments for proposals. We investigated whether 3- and 5-year-olds (N = 192) can produce and evaluate arguments against those arguments (i.e., counter-arguments). In Study 1, each child within a peer dyad was privately given a reason to prefer one over another solution to a task. One child, however, was given further information that would refute the reasoning of their partner. Five-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds, identified and produced valid and relevant counter-arguments. In Study 2, 3-year-olds were given discourse training (discourse that contrasted valid and invalid counter-arguments) and then given the same problem-solving tasks. After training, 3-year-olds could also identify and produce valid and relevant counter-arguments. Thus, participating in discourse about reasons facilitates children’s counter-argumentation. 相似文献
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曾楠 《安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2021,49(1):33-39
国家认同作为一种社会意识,是从"我"到"我们"的共属一体的心理想象,是对"我们同属于一个共同体"的归属认同.政治仪式作为国家观念的仪式化表达,通过观念赋予→再造→共享→延展的完整流程,实现观念的生产与再生产.政治仪式的观念再生产直接联结个体的价值定位与文化归属,是国家认同的重要载体.考察东西方历程,政治仪式的观念再生产历经了专制型文化预设下观念再生产、消费型文化预设下观念再生产、民主型文化预设下观念再生产的变化历程,国家认同相应呈现虚妄与假象、萌发与隐忧、生长与勃兴的不同表征.从价值形态变迁的理论立基审视,绝对价值极致化、价值多元主义、价值共识融通是政治仪式观念再生产呈现相应样态的理论渊源. 相似文献
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This article describes a three‐year project undertaken at Pear Tree School for children and young people with severe and multiple and profound learning difficulties. Lesley Sullivan, the school's head teacher, believed that much of the value within the work of this outstanding school went unidentified by existing approaches to planning, monitoring and evaluation. Richard Crombie, educational psychologist, was engaged to work on the project. Also involved were Kate Walker and Rebecca Warnock, deputy head teachers, as well as the whole staff, children and some parents. The project takes as its starting point that essential, but very often unnoticed and unconscious, professional practice is rooted in implicit processes learnt experientially. We set ourselves the task of finding meaningful frameworks for identifying and developing that practice. This meant close observation within and outside school coupled with feeding back to staff, and their subsequent engagement with and use of explanatory frameworks. 相似文献
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Methodological Choices in the Content Analysis of Textbooks for Measuring Alignment With Standards
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With the recent adoption of the Common Core standards in many states, there is a need for quality information about textbook alignment to standards. While there are many existing content analysis procedures, these generally have little, if any, validity or reliability evidence. One exception is the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC), which has been widely used to analyze the alignment among standards, assessments, and teachers’ instruction. However, the SEC can be time‐consuming and expensive when used for this purpose. This study extends the SEC to the analysis of entire mathematics textbooks and investigates whether the results of SEC alignment analyses are affected if the content analysis procedure is simplified. The results indicate that analyzing only every fifth item produces nearly identical alignment results with no effect on the reliability of content analyses. 相似文献
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A. V. Aleinikov D. A. Mal’tseva V. P. Miletskii 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2016,43(2):106-114
This paper analyzes modern information technologies as applied in the political environment and considers the content and peculiarities of using IT programs in strategic political modeling. 相似文献
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V. I. Dorofeeva A. G. Motin D. N. Nikol’skii Yu. S. Fedyaev 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2016,43(3):166-173
The main aspects of the creation of a monitoring system for the research activities of the members of a higher-education institution are considered. The scientific activities of the lecturers and members of Turgenev Orel State University is used as the basis. It is expected that this system will be an efficient tool for optimal managerial decisions at all levels. 相似文献
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