1918—1919年的德国革命     

В.А.柯久琴科  蔡子宇 《历史教学(高校版)》1958,(11)

1918——1919年的德国革命是德国贵族地主和资产阶级的帝国主义的矛盾极端尖锐化的结果。它是在资本主义总危机时期,在伟大十月社会主义革命的求解放思想的巨大影响下,开展起来的。德国的政治危机在战争前几年本已成熟。因此,德国帝国主义者发动了世界大战,他们不仅妄想按照自己的利益来重新分割世界,而且还企图利用战争巩固自己的政权、预防革命的爆发。但是,发动战争的结果,使得帝国主义德国的社会经济发展起了变化,这就更促使了帝国主义德国内部矛盾进一步尖锐化。  相似文献   

Solving Hitchcock’s transportation problem by a genetic algorithm     

陈海峰  CHO Joong. Rae  LEE Jeong. Tae 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2004,(2)

IntroductionTheHitchcock’sTransportationProblem(HTP)canbeformulatedasaclassiclinearprogrammingprobleminwhichthesetofconstraintsisofaspecialstructure[1,2].TheHTPisapracticaltransportationprobleminproductiondistributionsector.Alotofpracticaltrans-portationandassignmentproblems,suchastheminimumcostroadnetworktrafficflowproblemwithsolidchargeinlogistics,canbeformulatedinthisway,anditisclearlythattheHTPmaybehasmorethanoneoptimalsolution.Itisveryimportantforadecision-makertoselectafavorableone…  相似文献   

全新在线滴定技术的研究与应用     

朱建育  施利毅  Dallner C  Niebauer H  M 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2002,6(2):181-184

A new on-line titration method and device based on a new technique-continuous flow titration is described.By the means of electronically controlled switching of a solenoid valve,the main component of the system,the equivalent point of the titration is easily determined.Several kinds of mixing tools were examined.whereby a self-made mixing chamer with minimum volume gave best results and was therefore used in the dveice,The error of the titration is within 0.2% and the relative standard deviation(RSD) is below 1.2%,The results show no difference compared with a commercial device,meanwhile the new on-line titration system is cheaper and fully automated and thus easy to hand and less slovent consumption.  相似文献   

教育科学与教师的创造     

Ю.К.巴班斯基  和志宽 《教育理论与实践》1987,(6)

苏共二十七大和关于学校改革的文献明确地指出,必须发扬主动精神、创造精神,学习和推广先进经验,坚决克服因循守旧、故步自封的保守倾向。苏共中央的政治报告向党的代表大会指出,在对新事物漠不关心的状况还没有根本消除以前,应该特别重视具有创造性的主动精神、创造探索气氛、革新活动方式和方法。苏联学校和苏联教育学的出发点始终是列宁关于我们应该依据经过实践检验的成就,把事业推向前进,通过适当的检验,把地方的经验推广到全国去的著名论断。现在,为科学地总结教育创造成果创造了基本的新的有利条件,如对经验的实际方向进行有计划的研究,在统一的标准教学计划的基础上,对先进经验和各地教师的革新活动进行对比研究成为可能,并且有可能将先进经验加以大面积地推广。  相似文献   

The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC): reliability and association with abuse exposure in a multi-site study     

Briere J  Johnson K  Bissada A  Damon L  Crouch J  Gil E  Hanson R  Ernst V 《Child abuse & neglect》2001,25(8):1001-1014

OBJECTIVE: The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC) is a 90-item caretaker-report measure of children's trauma- and abuse-related symptomatology. It contains two reporter validity scales and eight clinical scales [Post-traumatic Stress-Intrusion (PTS-I), Post-traumatic Stress-Avoidance (PTS-AV), Post-traumatic Stress-Arousal (PTS-AR), Post-traumatic Stress-Total (PTS-TOT), Sexual Concerns (SC), Dissociation (DIS), Anxiety (ANX), Depression (DEP), and Anger/Aggression (ANG)], as well as an item assessing hours per week of caretaker contact with the child. This paper introduces the TSCYC and describes its psychometric properties in a multisite validity study. METHOD: A total of 219 TSCYCs administered by six clinician/researchers across the United States were analyzed for scale reliability and association with several types of childhood maltreatment. RESULTS: The TSCYC clinical scales have good reliability and are associated with exposure to childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, and witnessing domestic violence. The PTS-I, PTS-AV, PTS-AR, and PTS-TOT scales were most predictive, followed by SC in the case of sexual abuse and DIS in the case of physical abuse. There were a small number of age, sex, and race effects on TSCYC scores. CONCLUSIONS: The TSCYC appears to have reasonable psychometric characteristics, and correlates as expected with various types of trauma exposure. Subject to continued validation and the development of general population norms, its use as a clinical measure is supported.  相似文献   

时代呼唤着新型的教育计划   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

菲利浦·H·库姆斯  吕文龙  袁持平 《教育与经济》1990,(4)

自二次世界大战结束到70年代这二十五年里,教育领域及其外部环境都受到了改变现实生活的科学、技术、经济、人口、政治及文化等因素的制约。这些因素给教育界带来了一系列从未有过的困难和压力。面对这一形势,教育工作者们进行了多方面的摸索和探究。然而,在新的情况下,教育工作者  相似文献   

Effect of the amount of zinc-doped on the electrochemical performance of nickel hydroxide     

YU Danmei  ZHOU Shangqi  CHEN Changguo  WEN Li  WANG Huaqing College of Chemistry  Chemical Engineering  Chongqing University  Chongqing  P.R. China College of Material Science  Engineering  Chongqing University  Chongqing  P.R. Chin 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(1):74-77

1.IntroductionInrecentyears,theNi-MHbattery,akindofnewtypesecondarybatterydevelopedonthebaseofrechargeableNi-Cdbattery,hasattractedtheattentionofmostcustomersintheworldduetotheirexcellentperformancessuchashighpowerdensity,verygoodcyclability,highspecificcapacityandlessenviron-mentalimpact.Currently,theNi-MHbatteryiswidelyusedasapowerforportableelectricdevices,electricvehicles,portablevideos,andsomeimportantsmallapplications[1-3].Nickelhydroxideiscommonlyusedastheactivematerialfornickelposit…  相似文献   

查询方体——评价用户数据库查询效率的框架结构     

Hock C.Chan  BERnard C.Y.Tan  Kwok—kee Wri  王玮 《中国教育信息化》1995,(2)

影响用户数据库信息查询效率的三个关键因素是查询描述的现实性、表达的简易性及任务的复杂性。描述的现实性是指构造查询时的数据抽象程度;表达的简易性指查询语言的自由度;任务的复杂性是指查询的困难程度。这几个因素构成了一个三维的查询方体。我们进行了一些实验用于估计和评价在查询方体的不同顶点上用户进行数据库信息查询的效率。结果表明,查询方体这一概念是一个评估用户效率的可行框架。  相似文献   

Multiobjective optimization and multivariable control of the beer fermentation process with the use of evolutionary algorithms     

ANDRS-TORO B.  GIRN-SIERRA J.M.  FERNNDEZ-BLANCO P.  LPEZ-OROZCO J.A.  BESADA-PORTAS E. 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2004,(4)

INTRODUCTIONThefermentationprocesshasgreatscientificandpracticalimportance.Forseveralreasons,qua-litycontrol,forexample,itisimportanttoincludeallkindsoftechnologicaladvancesintheindustrialprocesses.Thisisthemainaimofourresearch,whichisverycomplexduetothenon-linearityofthestudiedphenomena.Themathematicalmodelsfoundinliteratureincludeonlylaboratoyconditions.Amathematicalmodelhasbeendevelopedforthebeerfermentationprocessbecauseoftheadvantagesthatitprovides.Itallowssimulatingwhatcanhappenwhe…  相似文献   

开放灵活的分布式学习环境     

Badrul H.Khan  张建伟 《现代教育技术》2003,13(4):11-17

为了帮助设计者创建开放、灵活的分布式E-Learning环境,该文提出了一个E-Learning框架模型,从八个维度列出了E-Learning设计中需要考虑的关键问题:机构,教学,技术,界面设计,评价,管理,资源支持,伦理。  相似文献