Managing uncertainty in the real world     

Satish Kumar 《Resonance》1999,4(4):45-55

In Part 1 of this article we understood the idea of a fuzzy set. We also reviewed simple operations such as fuzzy set intersection, union, and complementation, and related these to geometry. In Part 2, we extend the idea of fuzzy sets to explain how we may develop systems that reason with fuzzy sets using fuzzy logic. The idea of extending fuzzy logic to fuzzy engineering and fuzzy function approximation is explored with a working example. It is hoped that readers will be provided with enough motivation to appreciate the use of fuzzy set theory for real world applications.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Pregnant Anemic Women     

Tiwari AK  Mahdi AA  Zahra F  Chandyan S  Srivastava VK  Negi MP 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(4):411-418

The present study was conducted to investigate the oxidant–antioxidant status in iron deficient pregnant anemic women. One hundred thirty pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were divided into three groups, namely mild (50), moderate (50) and severe (30) anemic along with pregnant healthy women as controls (50). The complete blood count, plasma lipid peroxidation products, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were measured according to respective protocols. The levels of complete blood count, iron, ferritin along with antioxidant enzymes namely catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione were significantly reduced in all IDA groups. However, the level of oxidized glutathione, lipid peroxides, protein carbonyls, conjugated dienes were found significantly increased in all anemic patients. Antioxidant vitamins, namely C, E and A were also found significantly decreased in IDA patients. On the basis of our results, it may be concluded that IDA tends to increase the pro-oxidant components, which may result in various complications including peroxidation of vital body molecules resulting in increased risk for pregnant women as well as fetus.  相似文献   

Age-Dependent Changes in Glutathione-S-Transferase: Correlation with Total Plasma Antioxidant Potential and Red Cell Intracellular Glutathione     

Maurya PK  Rizvi SI 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(4):398-400

The correlation between antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage during aging has been reported in several tissues in different species. Glutathione-S-transferases (GST) can metabolise endogenous and exogenous toxins and carcinogens by catalysing the conjugation of diverse electrophiles with reduced glutathione (GSH). We observe a significant (P < 0.001) increase in plasma GST activity as a function of human age (r = 0.5675). A significant (P < 0.001) positive correlation (r = 0.8979) is observed between GST activity and total plasma antioxidant potential measured as ferric reducing ability of the plasma (FRAP). GST activity and red cell intracellular GSH also show a significant positive correlation (r = 0.7014). We hypothesize that the increased activity of plasma GST is a manifestation of increased generation of ROS and a concomitant decrease in the level of plasma antioxidant capacity during aging.  相似文献   

Human governance: A neglected mantra for continuous performance improvement     

Arfah Salleh  Aziuddin Ahmad  Naresh Kumar 《Performance Improvement》2009,48(9):26-30

Every individual should be entrusted with an internal driver to strive their best towards achieving their potential and to manifest their performance through innovative means. This can be reached only under circumstances where the abstract human values and principles are recognized and indoctrinated in the culture. The strategies discussed in this article will serve as input in proposing the areas of focus toward the practice of human governance.  相似文献   

Building a customized module for the treatment of drug addiction under the remedial programs to be implemented on inmates at the drug rehabilitation centers in Malaysia     

Jamaludin Ahmad Tajularipin Sulaiman Saifuddin Kumar Abdullah Junaidi Shamsuddin 《美中教育评论》2009,6(11):57-64

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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Recent advancement of Raman spectroscopy     

Ujjal Kumar Sur 《Resonance》2010,15(2):154-164

In Raman spectroscopy, inelastic scattering of photons from an atomor molecule in chemical entities is utilized to analyze the composition of solids, liquids and gases. However, the low cross-section limits its applications. The introduction of surface-enhancedRamanspectroscopy in 1974has attracteda lot of attention fromresearchers due to the large enhancement of weak Raman signal,which facilitates identification in chemical and biological systems. Recently, single-molecule Raman scattering has enhanced the detection sensitivity limit of Raman Spectroscopy.  相似文献   

A Sneak Peek into 5G Communications     

Udit Narayana Kar  Debarshi Kumar Sanyal 《Resonance》2018,23(5):555-572

The world of mobile communications is poised for yet another disruptive transformation – the introduction of 5G. It will change the way mobile phones communicate. New technologies at the device level and novel network architectures to manage them will be soon seen everywhere. This article explores what 5G is all about. It also talks briefly about the preparations underway across the globe to deploy 5G by 2020.  相似文献   

Burning,Fluttering, and Extinguishing of a Candle Flame in a Tube     

Pratyush Agarwal  Navneet Kumar  Jaywant H Arakeri 《Resonance》2018,23(11):1273-1281

In this article, we report some experimental results on the behaviour of the flame of a candle kept at the bottom of a glass tube, which is open at the top and closed at the bottom. Thus, the supply of oxygen for the continuous burning of the flame is possible only from the top open end of the tube. We find that the candle burns steadily below a critical tube height. Above this height, the flame oscillates in size, and a further increase in tube height leads to the flame extinguishing quickly.  相似文献   

Neurochemical and Behavioral Dysfunctions in Pesticide Exposed Farm Workers: A Clinical Outcome     

Rajesh Kumar Kori  Manish Kumar Singh  Abhishek Kumar Jain  Rajesh Singh Yadav 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(4):372-381

The problem of pesticides is not new and its exposure to human due to indiscriminate use is largely associated with the health related problems including neurotoxicological alterations. High levels of pesticide residues and their metabolites in the dietary constituents, food materials, maternal blood, cord blood, placenta breast milk have been reported and linked to alterations in birth weight, crown heel length, head circumference, mid-arm circumference and ponderal index of the neonates. Epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure of pesticide to human could be a significant risk factor for neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Cholinergic and non-cholinergic dysfunctions in pesticide exposed population, especially in children have also been frequently reported in recent years. Developmental neurotoxicity is another concern in the area where pregnant are more prone towards its exposure and which results in the abnormalities in the fetus. In view of the increasing risk of human health through pesticide exposure, the present review has been focused on the studies pertaining to pesticide induced neurochemical alterations and associated behavioral abnormalities in farm workers which could establish a possible link between the its exposure and associated health hazards.  相似文献   

Role of Brain Biomarker in Predicting Clinical Outcome in Hypertensive Cerebrovascular Ischemic Stroke     

Anuradha Bharosay  Vivek Vikram Bharosay  Kiran Saxena  Meena Varma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(2):178-183

This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) in prediction of disability and neurological worsening in hypertensive ischemic cerebrovascular stroke. 80 hypertensive ischemic stroke patients diagnosed by a neurologist as per WHO definition along with radiological findings suggestive of cerebrovascular stroke and differentiating from hemorrhagic stroke and 60 controls having essential hypertension coming to hospital because of regular checkup or headache but with no neurological disease were included in the study. Neurological disability was assessed by NIHSS at the time of admission (within 72 h from the onset of stroke) and on 7th day after admission and cases were categorized into mild, moderate and severe disability. Venous blood samples were drawn within 72 h from the onset of symptoms. The samples were processed as per the laboratory protocol. The serum NSE samples were analyzed using an enzyme immunoassay based on the sandwich technique. We observed raised serum NSE in hypertensive ischemic stroke (17.4 ± 5.4 ng/ml) with significant association between different hypertensive groups than in hypertensive controls (9.1 ± 0.75 ng/ml). Greater degree of disability was observed in hypertensive stroke patients with raised serum NSE and hypertensive patients with mean serum NSE level of 22.9 ± 3.6 ng/ml and dyslipidemia had greater probability of neurological worsening as compared to those with mean serum NSE level of 12.7 ± 1.2 ng/ml. Serum NSE levels can serve as a peripheral indicator of neuronal damage and assist in the prediction of disability and clinical outcome in hypertensive cerebrovascular ischemic stroke patients.  相似文献