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Abstract This paper examines new organizational arrangements that have emerged in the context of a privatized extension system. It investigates the positioning and embedding of a network broker aimed at enhancing interaction in the privatized agricultural knowledge and information system (AKIS), to assess whether tensions reported in other sectors also manifest in agriculture and inform theory and policy on collective functions in pluralistic extension systems. It employs a case study approach using semi-structured interviews, observations, a closed questionnaire and secondary data analysis. Results show that a demand-driven way of working may prevent network brokers losing their neutrality in farmers’ eyes, but that a network broker nevertheless can be perceived as disruptive by extension service providers. Furthermore, it appears hard to make the network brokerage function self-sufficient. The paper shows that a social dilemma manifests, that is, the collective benefits are recognized, but private interests do not support the brokers’ continued existence. This prompts consideration of the need for continued public support. Public support for network broker appears to be needed, but possible (market-disturbing) interference with the activities of private extension service providers prompts critical examination of the mandates of publicly funded network brokers. 相似文献
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M.S. Meena Dilip Jain H.R. Meena 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(3):217-229
Abstract Self-help groups (SHGs) have emerged as an effective mechanism of empowerment and development of women as well as being on efficient mode of promoting group action and technology dissemination. Initiatives were undertaken at the Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET), Ludhiana to facilitate the formation of women's SHGs and to develop their capabilities through training programmes for harnessing the benefits of value addition and processing technologies for employment and income generation. The study attempts to assess the attitude changes in women about SHGs as a result of training. The evaluation of SHGs was conducted at attitude construct. A Likert-type scale consisting of 26 items was developed, for which Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability was observed as 0.85. The survey instrument contained five sections; namely, socio-economic upliftment; education and training; marketing and entrepreneurship qualities; technology adoption and participatory research; and banking/credit aspects. The training group consisting of 30 participants of SHGs responded to five-section survey instrument. Significant t-test results for mean values of attitude of women before and after the training showed a significant change in attitude of women in all the five areas as a result of training. Positive orientation towards a task paves the way for success. The study exemplifies the impact of training in instilling positive orientation. For addressing the issues of rural poverty, enrichment of the system with social capital through empowerment and formation of women SHGs; provision of financial and credit support; creation of market-driven and decentralized extension system; use of media-mix for technology transfer and informal education at rural level; conduction of need-based training and strong political will need to be emphasized. 相似文献
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Devendra Dilip Potnis 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):83-93
Digital inclusion research has focused overwhelmingly on access to information. But access to information by itself is of limited value unless the intended beneficiary has the capacity to use it. It is the use of information that delivers the benefits. However, in information and communication technologies for development literature, there is little empirical work on the process by which use of information delivers benefits. This study fills the gap by studying information use by poor female mobile phone users in rural India. It identifies six stages in the information use process and models them. 相似文献
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Devendra Sahal 《Research Policy》1981,10(4):368-402
While the of diffusion of technology has been extensively studied, a sysetematic treatment of origin of innovations is generally lacking. This has important implications for studies not only of the phenomenon of diffusion itself, but also for studies of long-term growth of productivity. This paper presents an investigation of technological; innovations in the farm tractor during a time period of nearly five decades from its genesis. It is concluded that the observed advances in technology are attributable to variations in farm size and experience acquired in the production and utilization of the tractor over the course of time. More generally, two main hypotheses of technological change emerge from the results of thus study. One is the hypothesis of learning i.e. that technological innovation originates in the accumulated experience of a practical nature. The other is the hypothesis of scaling, i.e. that the process of innovation is further governed by changes in the size of the larger system, within which the technology is embedded. However, certain widely believed alternative hypotheses of technological change do not seem to generally hold. It is concluded that technological development is an evolutionary process which is best understood in terms of an internal logic of its own. 相似文献
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Prashant Kumar Rai Dolly Jaiswal Devendra K. Rai Bechan Sharma Geeta Watal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(4):387-390
In rats with streptozotocin induced severe diabetes mellitus, aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruits at a dose of
1000mg/kg body weight daily once for 28 days reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, asparate amino
transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urine sugar and urine protein where as total protein
and body weight was increased. No toxic effect was observed during LD50. Our study suggests that further detailed toxicity
studies and mechanism of action of T. dioica would be useful for undertaking human trials. 相似文献
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Surekha Bhat Guruprasad Rao K. Dilip Murthy P. Gopalakrishna Bhat 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(2):191-194
High ambient temperature has been reported to increase oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing antioxidant
defence in transition dairy cows. It is also known to cause an increase in plasma cortisol levels in goats, European hedgehog
and human volunteers. High levels of glucocorticoids have been reported to decrease blood glutathione and erythrocyte superoxide
dismutase activity in rats. Although institutional animal houses in research laboratories of developed countries maintain
animals in air-conditioned rooms at constant temperature, the same is not true of animal houses in the developing countries
especially those belonging to smaller institutions and this could affect the results of the experiments being conducted on
these animals. The present research study was done to assess the effects of seasonal variations on the status of erythrocyte
oxidative damage, antioxidant defence and plasma cortisol levels in adult female Wistar rats. Rats were kept in their home
cages and were left in non-air-conditioned procedure rooms in two different seasons, Hot season (March-May) and Cool season
(June to September). Erythrocyte Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and plasma cortisol levels were significantly increased
in rats exposed to high ambient temperature and humidity of the hot season as compared to the rats of the cool season. Erythrocyte
reduced glutathione levels, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased
in the hot season group of rats. The results of our experiments showed that exposure of adult female Wistar rats to high ambient
temperature and humidity of the hot season increases neuroendocrine stress, oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant defence
in them. 相似文献
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