Does Maternal Employment Following Childbirth Support or Inhibit Low‐Income Children’s Long‐Term Development?     

Rebekah Levine Coley  Caitlin McPherran Lombardi 《Child development》2013,84(1):178-197

This study assessed whether previous findings linking early maternal employment to lower cognitive and behavioral skills among middle‐class and White children generalized to other groups. Using a representative sample of urban, low‐income, predominantly African American and Hispanic families (n = 444), ordinary least squares regression and propensity score matching models assessed links between maternal employment in the 2 years after childbearing and children’s functioning at age 7. Children whose mothers were employed early, particularly in their first 8 months, showed enhanced socioemotional functioning compared to peers whose mothers remained nonemployed. Protective associations emerged for both part‐time and full‐time employment, and were driven by African American children, with neutral effects for Hispanics. Informal home‐based child care also heightened positive links.  相似文献   

A walk on the wild side: ‘Predatory’ journals and information asymmetries in scientific evaluations     

Manuel Bagues  Mauro Sylos-Labini  Natalia Zinovyeva 《Research Policy》2019,48(2):462-477

In recent years the academic world has witnessed the mushrooming of journals that falsely pretend to be legitimate academic outlets. We study this phenomenon using information from 46,000 researchers seeking promotion in Italian academia. About 5% of them have published in journals included in the blacklist of ‘potential, possible, or probable predatory journals’ elaborated by the scholarly librarian Jeffrey Beall. Data from a survey that we conducted among these researchers confirms that at least one third of these journals do not provide peer review or they engage in some other type of irregular editorial practice. We identify two factors that may have spurred publications in dubious journals. First, some of these journals have managed to be included in citation indexes such as Scopus that many institutions consider as a guarantee of quality. Second, we show that authors who publish in these journals are more likely to receive positive assessments when they are evaluated by (randomly selected) committee members who lack research expertise. Overall, our analysis suggests that the proliferation of ‘predatory’ journals reflects the existence of severe information asymmetries in scientific evaluations.  相似文献   

The intensive multisupervisory internship in school psychology     

Dennis J. Ryan  Karen Lombardi  Beth Liederman  Fred Zelinger 《Psychology in the schools》1980,17(2):216-221

An alternative model of the school psychology internship is presented. Specific features of such an internship experience are reviewed, including full-time placement, training vs. service functions, supervision, research time, and stipend.  相似文献   

The Many Faces of Chemistry from a Philosophical Perspective     

Olimpia Lombardi 《Science & Education》2017,26(6):711-718

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Nonorganic failure to thrive: an outpatient approach     

B D Schmitt  R D Mauro 《Child abuse & neglect》1989,13(2):235-248

This article reviews our experience, as well as the medical literature, regarding the treatment of failure to thrive (FTT) on an outpatient basis. Nonorganic FTT can be accidental, neglectful, or deliberate. Accidental FTT occurs with errors in formula preparation, diet selection, or feeding technique. These errors can usually be corrected by education and demonstration. Deliberate underfeeding is rare, and these children usually require placement in foster care. Neglectful FTT usually occurs because the mother is overwhelmed or psychologically disturbed. Children with neglectful FTT do not automatically require hospitalization. If the degree of FTT is mild to moderate, the mother-child interaction is positive, the mother is not severely disturbed, and the baby has no inflicted injuries or deprivational behavior, the baby can be safely and more economically managed as an outpatient. Management includes new feeding instructions, a stimulation program, social work intervention, home visits by a public health nurse, and weekly weight checks. Most infants respond to this one-month therapeutic trial with an appropriate weight gain. Even after normal weight is attained, many of these families require long-term follow-up to help them deal with multiple psychosocial issues.  相似文献   

From Record Management to Data Management: RDA and New Application Models BIBFRAME,RIMMF, and OliSuite/WeCat     

Mauro Guerrini  Tiziana Possemato 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2016,54(3):179-199

The reflection provoked by RDA produced the awareness that the flat format of MARC 21 records is inadequate in expressing the relationships between bibliographic entities that the FRBR model and RDA standard consider fundamental. RIMMF and BIBFRAME indicate to software developers a way to think that is consistent with RDA. In Italy, @Cult, a software house and bibliographic agency working for Casalini Libri, has taken on the charge of following and facilitating the transition: OliSuite/WeCat provides an implementation of RDA that integrates vocabularies and ontologies already present in the Web by structuring the information in linked open data.  相似文献   

The Italian Translation of RDA     

Carlo Bianchini  Mauro Guerrini 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2016,54(7):442-451

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Transcultural football. Trajectories of belonging among immigrant youth     

Max Mauro 《Soccer & Society》2016,17(6):882-897

Football can play different roles in the lives of immigrant youth. It can be a site for leisure, sport performance and socialization. Even more critically, it can be a place where to negotiate sense of belonging to a local community and to gain access to national sporting cultures. Football can also represent forms of exclusion and discrimination. This article aims to elucidate the meanings that participation in football hold for black immigrant males in a country of recent immigration such as the Republic of Ireland. The article discusses the findings of a long-term ethnographic study with a youth team based in a working-class area of Dublin, the Irish capital. The youth football club plays a special role as a term of identification for the local community. Teenage players of different African backgrounds are presented with the challenge of acquiring different levels of inclusion. They can attempt to appropriate cultural codes that define local working-class men on and off the pitch or they can practice forms of ‘resistance’ that emphasize their own racialized positioning in Irish society. Overall, these dynamics affirm the importance of grassroots football as a venue for young people’s transcultural encounters.  相似文献   

Oddity of visual patterns conceptualized by pigeons     

Celia M. Lombardi  Carlos C. Fachinelli  Juan D. Delius 《Learning & behavior》1984,12(1):2-6

Pigeons were trained to learn an instrumental oddity-from-sample discrimination involving visual forms. One group, the “few examples” group, dealt with 5 patterns in 40 different combinations. Another group, the “many examples” group, dealt with 20 patterns in 160 different combinations. After both groups had reached asymptotic performance and had learned to operate under partial reinforcement conditions, they were tested for transfer under extinction conditions with two different groups of 5 novel patterns, each in 40 combinations. All animals showed significant above chance transfer to both of these novel stimulus sets. Transfer performance with test stimuli of similar geometric design to training stimuli was better than performance with stimuli of markedly different design. The transfer performance of the “many examples” group was marginally better than that of the “few examples” group, even though the latter’s performance on the training stimuli was better throughout. It is concluded that pigeons can learn to employ an oddity concept and that this may be promoted by the use of many training exemplars. Furthermore, it is inferred that pigeons may normally use a mixture of strategies to solve oddity and identity problems.  相似文献   

Verbal Short‐Term Memory Underlies Typical Development of “Thought Organization” Measured as Speech Connectedness     

Natlia B. Mota  Renata Callipo  Lígia Leite  Ana R. Torres  Janaína Weissheimer  Silvia A. Bunge  Mauro Copelli  Sidarta Ribeiro 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2020,14(1):51-60

Formal thought organization obtained from free speech, a key feature for psychiatric evaluations, has been poorly investigated during typical development. Computational tools such as speech graph connectedness (LSC) currently allow for an accurate quantification in naturalistic settings. LSC's typical development is better predicted by years of education than by age. Among beginning readers, the LSC of stories composed of short‐term memory predicted reading independently from IQ. Here we set out to test a longitudinal sample (6–8 years old, n = 45, followed for 2 years) to verify whether the LSC is predictive of various memory measures, and whether such relations can explain the correlation with reading. The LSC was specifically correlated with verbal short‐term memory performance. The results support the notion that the short‐term storage of verbal information is necessary to plan a story. Given the limited sample size, the relationship of this interaction with reading remains inconclusive.  相似文献