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71.
Part II of “Reclaiming Kindergarten” continues the discussion related to responding to the crisis in today’s kindergarten.
In Part II, two policy questions are posed, the answers to which seek to respond to this continuing crisis. The questions
center on issues related to engaging families in kindergarten and the need to consider a new early childhood paradigm where
kindergarten is part of a continuous and seamless educational experience spanning prekindergarten through third grade. As
in Part I, examples of classroom practice are used to illustrate the effective implementation of these principles in a kindergarten
classroom. 相似文献
72.
The focus of this article is on articulating the importance of teacher development of constructs about homeless children and
families and examining factors that influence teachers’ perceptions of children and families who are homeless or at high-risk
of becoming homeless. The article also explores some strategies to support teachers in transforming their perceptions of homeless
children and provides case examples of how this process can work. Three case studies explore how teacher educators and practicing
teachers can work together to reflect on their own perceptions of homeless children from high-poverty backgrounds and how
educators were able to transform their own perceptions in being able to better serve their students. 相似文献
73.
Early childhood teacher educators frequently enhance their teaching by reading children’s books to their adult students. It
is not unusual for faculty outside of early childhood to question devoting precious class time to read-alouds which they may
consider a curious, if not frivolous, instructional strategy. Quality children’s literature can, however, enhance students’
experiences in the college classroom, contribute to their understanding of course content, promote their personal growth and
self-understanding, increase their appreciation for quality children’s literature, and enhance their ability to integrate
storybooks into their own teaching. Children’s books often capture a child’s point of view. They have the potential to provide
historical or cultural perspectives on children and families. They also can lead to the examination of universal truths and
can facilitate the discussion of sensitive or emotional issues A list of books with suggested uses is included. 相似文献
74.
Julie A. Holmes 《Learning Environments Research》2011,14(3):263-277
This study examined changes in student motivation and achievement in science during a visit to a university children’s science
museum. The study was based on the pretest–posttest control comparison group design with four treatment groups: control, exhibit,
lesson and exhibit/lesson. The sample consisted of 228 sixth-grade students from a Louisiana public school who were randomly
assigned to one of the four experimental groups. Pretest, posttest and delayed posttest measures of intrinsic motivation and
achievement in science were obtained using the Children’s Academic Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and an achievement test
written to measure areas of science incorporated in the museum exhibits. The data were analysed using a one-way ANOVA, dependent
t tests and Pearson r. Significant differences were found within groups for (1) the lesson group in motivation and (2) the exhibit group in achievement
from pretest to posttest and from posttest to delayed posttest. A significant relationship between level of motivation and
science achievement was revealed for the exhibit group on the delayed posttest. There were no other significant findings to
support that the treatment led to any long-term effects on motivation or achievement within any of the four experimental groups. 相似文献
75.
In a Pavlovian conditioning situation, an initially neutral stimulus may be made excitatory by nonreinforced presentations
in compound with an established conditioned excitor [i.e., second-order conditioning (SOC)]. The established excitor may be
either a punctate cue or the training context. In four conditioned suppression experiments using rats, we investigated whether
SOC phenomena parallel other cue interaction effects. In Experiment 1, we found that the response potential of a target stimulus
was directly related to the intertrial interval when SOC was mediated by a punctate cue, and inversely related to the intertrial
interval when SOC was mediated by the training context. Experiment 2 demonstrated that punctate- and context-mediated SOC
are oppositely affected by posttraining context extinction, and Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated that context- and punctate-mediated
SOC are differentially affected by conditioned stimulus (Experiment 3) and unconditioned stimulus (Experiment 4) preexposure
treatments. These findings parallel phenomena in conditioned inhibition and cue competition situations. 相似文献
76.
77.
Stephen C. Yanchar Bruce W. Gabbitas 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(3):383-398
This paper presents the concept of critical flexibility as an alternative to eclecticism in instructional design. Eclecticism is often viewed as a persuasive alternative to theoretical
orthodoxy (i.e., rigid use of a single perspective or process) due to the openness and flexibility it purports to offer. In
contrast, the authors argue that eclecticism ignores or discourages critical reflection regarding background understanding
(e.g., implicit assumptions and values) and perpetuates the lack of openness and flexibility commonly associated with orthodoxy.
Critical flexibility, as an alternative to eclecticism, emphasizes an awareness of background understanding, but construes
it as capable of being explicated, critically examined, adjusted in specific contexts, and refined or developed over time
to facilitate increasingly flexible and effective design practices. The authors clarify the nature of critical flexibility
as a general way of being involved in the design process, suggest how it helps overcome the traditional theory–practice split,
and discuss several of its implications for scholarship and training. 相似文献
78.
Michael R. Olneck 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2011,12(4):675-690
Multicultural policy in South Korea faces variants of challenges endemic to multiculturalism. These challenges are “dilemmas
of difference,” “variable terms of inclusion,” and “legitimacy.” In Korea, these challenges arise in a setting in which ethnic
diversity is of relatively recent origin, an ideology of ethnic homogeneity is prevalent, and official multicultural policy
is limited in its reach to those who are designated as “multicultural families,” that is families in which one spouse is Korean
and the other an immigrant, usually the wife, and their offspring. The exclusion of migrant workers and their families from
Korea’s multicultural framework poses a core contradiction in Korean multicultural policies. This contradiction must be resolved
if multiculturalism in education and other spheres is to promote equality and provide a foundation for national integration
on terms that are equitable to the diverse constituents of Korean society. Inevitably, this will require a redefinition of
what it means to “be Korean.” Even if multicultural policies fall short in their immediate effects on those toward whom they
are directed, multiculturalism represents a significant shift in the discourse of Korean identity and will be terrain on which
the status of diverse groups in Korea will be contested. 相似文献
79.
Jason A. Engerman Monique MacAllan Alison A. Carr-Chellman 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2018,66(2):313-339
Boys are less likely to receive praise and recognition for good schoolwork, to consider school important, and have fewer opportunities to do the things that they do best (Lopez and Calderon in How America’s boys become psychological dropouts. The gallup blog, 2013). Traditional school cultures have come in conflict with the normal and natural ways that boys behave. As a result, boys have had alienating experiences and high levels of disengagement and lowered academic success in school due to rejection of boy culture, which includes aggressive play, competition, and violent fantasy. The purpose of this study was to explore ways in which we can re-engage boys and enhance their learning opportunities in traditional classroom settings. Boys are drawn to video games, which offer a unique environment where they can engage in learning activities. By taking seriously the indigenous knowledge of this portion of boy culture, we may identify ways in which their expertise can become useful towards common learning goals (Carr-Chellman 2007; Carr-Chellman and Savoy 2004). The current analysis represents the first of a multiphase study that uses an interpretive lens within a CHAT framework to identify relevant learning in Commercial of the Shelf (COTS) games. This phenomenological design identifies learning accounts that map to the United States Common Core State Standards. Our findings suggest that engaged learning can occur for these boys as a result of playing games. COTS games engage boys in normal and natural ways, and consequently can be relevant learning tools that educators, researchers and instructional designers might employ toward traditional learning objectives. 相似文献
80.
Drawing comparisons between students’ alternative solution strategies to a single mathematics problem is a powerful yet challenging instructional practice. We examined 80 preservice teachers’ when asked to design a short lesson when given a problem and two student solutions—one correct and one incorrect. These micro-teaching events were videotaped and coded, revealing that fewer than half of participants (43%) made any explicit comparison or contrasts between the two solution strategies. Those who did were still not likely to use additional support strategies to draw students’ attention to key elements of the comparison. Further, correlations suggest that participants’ mathematical content knowledge may be related to whether participants’ showed contrasting cases but not to whether they used specific pedagogical cues to support those comparisons. While these micro-teaching events differ from the interactive constraints of a classroom, they reveal that participants did not immediately orient toward differing student solutions as a discussion opportunity, and that future instruction on contrasting cases must highlight the utility of this practice. 相似文献