Institutional financial assessment: Methodology and meaning     

Dr. Hans H. Jenny 《Research in higher education》1979,10(1):59-70

This paper responds to the fourth annual report by W. John Minter and Howard R. Bowen on Independent Higher EducationFinancial and Educational Trends in Independent Higher Education, 1978. Primary thesis: established financial reporting does not tend to do justice to a sound assessment of the financial condition of colleges and universities. Because the latter belong to the service economy, we must know more than we do about changes in quality. Such studies also must say how well institutional objectives are being achieved. College presidents and deans have tended to provide researchers with overly optimistic information. When they later see that Bowen and Minter report this very fact, they complain that their conclusions are not gloomy enough. Such double standards damage realistic program assessment efforts. The blame falls on the respondents and not on the authors. Neither can the authors be blamed for shortcomings in financial accounting ignoring the total cost of institutional activity. If accounting practice were based on a total cost concept the news about higher education finance would more nearly reflect what we all know is true: colleges and universities are worse off than the statistics say.Presented at the Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, Houston, Texas, May 1978.  相似文献   

A Comparison of Text-Based Methods for Detecting Duplication in Scanned Document Databases     

Daniel P. Lopresti 《Information Retrieval》2001,4(2):153-173

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of several text-based methods for detecting duplication in scanned document databases using uncorrected OCR output. This task is made challenging both by the wide range of degradations printed documents can suffer, and by conflicting interpretations of what it means to be a duplicate. We report results for four sets of experiments exploring various aspects of the problem space. While the techniques studied are generally robust in the face of most types of OCR errors, there are nonetheless important differences which we identify and discuss in detail.  相似文献   

Nurses' use of computer databases to identify evidence for practice--a cross-sectional questionnaire survey in a UK hospital     

Griffiths P  Riddington L 《Health information and libraries journal》2001,18(1):2-9

The objectives of this study were to determine nurses' use of electronic databases to inform practice. A questionnaire survey of 114 nurses working on five acute wards in a large inner city teaching hospital investigated their general use of computers and the three databases, CINAHL, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Eighty-two qualified nurses responded (response rate 72%). The results show limited confidence and low frequency in using the databases. Thirty-four per cent expressed low confidence using CINAHL. Twenty-seven per cent used CINAHL on a regular basis. Twenty-two per cent never used it. Eighteen per cent were unaware that it was available locally. Knowledge and use of MEDLINE was even lower with only 18% using it regularly. Knowledge of the Cochrane Library was extremely limited, with 75% unaware of its existence. Use of a home computer and higher education were associated with higher frequency of use of CINAHL and MEDLINE. If nurses are to make use of electronic resources to contribute to evidence-based practice, effort needs to be put into ensuring that already qualified nurses have basic computer skills and specific knowledge of available resources. More emphasis should be placed on 'evidence-based' resources, such as the Cochrane library, as sources of information for practice.  相似文献   

Bilateral arm power imbalance in swim bench exercise to exhaustion     

Potts AD  Charlton JE  Smith HM 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(12):975-979

We examined the supposition that swimmers may exhibit an imbalance in bilateral arm power output during simulated swimming exercise. Ten competitive front crawl swimmers (5 males, 5 females; age 20.5+/-2.3 years; height 1.74+/-0.09 m; body mass 72.0+/-16.7 kg; 400 m freestyle swim time 278+/-20.5 s; mean +/- s) performed four incremental (10 W x min(-1)) swim ramp tests on a computer-interfaced biokinetic swim bench ergometer. External power output from each arm was measured continuously to exhaustion. The results showed that, throughout the course of the simulated swim, external power output clearly favoured the left arm (F1,9 = 12.5, P= 0.006). This was especially evident in the final 30 s to exhaustion, when 54.0+/-3.87% of external power output was derived from the left arm versus 46.0+/-3.87% from the right arm. The disparity in external power output was further highlighted when the participants were grouped into unilateral and bilateral breathers. Unilateral breathers (n = 5) produced 57.1+/-2.62% of external power output from the left armversus 42.9+/-2.62% from the right arm (P= 0.001). Bilateral breathers (n = 5) exhibited a more balanced external power output of 51.0+/-1.82% from the left arm and 49.0+/-1.82% from the right arm (P = 0.177). Evidence of power imbalance in the simulated swimming stroke may have important implications for optimizing swim performance. The observed power imbalance may be reduced when a bilateral breathing technique is adopted.  相似文献   

Measurement of total energy expenditure by the doubly labelled water method in professional soccer players     

Ebine N  Rafamantanantsoa HH  Nayuki Y  Yamanaka K  Tashima K  Ono T  Saitoh S  Jones PJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(5):391-397

To determine the daily energy requirements of professional soccer players during a competitive season, we measured total energy expenditure in seven players (age 22.1+/-1.9 years, height 1.75+/-0.05 m, mass 69.8+/-4.7 kg; mean +/- s) using the doubly labelled water method. Energy intake was simultaneously estimated from 7 day self-report dietary records. Mean total energy expenditure and energy intake were 14.8+/-1.7 MJ x day(-1) (3532+/-408 kcal x day(-1)) and 13.0+/-2.4 MJ x day(-1) (3113+/-581 kcal x day(-1)), respectively. Although there was a significant difference between total energy expenditure and energy intake (P < 0.01), there was a strong relationship between the two (r= 0.893, P< 0.01). Basal metabolic rate and recommended energy allowance calculated from the Recommended Dietary Allowances for the Japanese were 7.0+/-0.3 MJ x day(-1) (1683+/-81 kcal x day(-1)) and 15.6+/-0.8 MJ x day(-1) (3739+/-180 kcal x day(-1)), respectively. A physical activity level (total energy expenditure/ basal metabolic rate) of 2.11+/-0.30 indicated that, during the competitive season, professional soccer players undertake much routine physical activity, similar to that of competitive athletes during moderate training. Energy intake estimated using dietary records was under-reported, suggesting that its calculation from these data does not predict energy expenditure in soccer players.  相似文献   

Cognitive interference during competition among volleyball players with different goal orientation profiles     

Hatzigeorgiadis A  Biddle SJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(9):707-715

In this study, we examined interfering thoughts during sport competition among university volleyball players as a function of dominant goal orientation and outcome. In particular, we investigated the performance worries and thoughts of escape experienced while performing in athletes with high task and low ego orientation and athletes with high ego and low task orientation. Goal orientations were assessed before the start of a volleyball tournament, whereas cognitive interference was assessed on three different occasions after games. The results revealed no consistent differences for performance worries. In contrast, in all analyses we found that athletes with high ego and low task orientations reported more thoughts of escape when losing than when winning, and more thoughts of escape than athletes with high task and low ego orientations when winning or losing. The results support in part the suggestion that a high ego orientation, when not accompanied by a high task orientation, can be linked to motivationally maladaptive cognitions.  相似文献   

南京体育学院成人高等教育改革与发展的思考     

徐融 《体育成人教育学刊》2002,18(1):3-4

对南京体育学院"九五"期间的成人教育工作的主要经验和特色进行了总结,分析了"十五"期间面临的主要任务和发展方向,提出应切实加强教学基础建设,努力提高科学管理水平.  相似文献   

深化教学改革提高办学质量--谈西安体育学院成人教育的特点     

梁雁翔  杨毅谋 《体育成人教育学刊》2002,18(3):3-4

在不断扩大办学规模的今天 ,如何保证体育函授教学的质量 ,这就给我们成教工作者提出了新问题。对西安体育学院成人函授教育工作的经验进行了总结 ,提出“八个从严”是保证体育函授教学质量的重要条件。  相似文献   

高师女大学生运动健身认知行为的研究     

石云龙 《体育成人教育学刊》2002,18(1):46-47

运用问卷调查法、文献综述法和数理统计方法对高师女大学生运动健身认知、行为的现状进行了分析研究.研究结果表明高师女大学生对运动健身的"知、信、行"有明显的偏差.通过分析研究,建议在对高师女大学生的运动健身活动给予适当的技术指导,促进女大学生体育运动健身以及健康教育的开展.  相似文献   

论形象思维在武术套路教学中的运用     

王路遥  邹华 《体育成人教育学刊》2002,18(4):78-78,81

采用文献资料、实验对比、观察分析、专家访谈等方法,对普通高校武术套路教学中所运用的“运动形象思维练习法”进行了探讨。实践证明,科学的运用这种方法,能使学生在较短时间内掌握动作技术,激发学生学民瓣兴趣,明显提高教学质量。  相似文献