Physical characteristics that predict involvement with the ball in recreational youth soccer     

Alessandro H. Nicolai Ré  Maria Teresa Cattuzzo  Rafael dos Santos Henrique  David F. Stodden 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(18):1716-1722

This study examined the relative contribution of age, stage of puberty, anthropometric characteristics, health-related fitness, soccer-specific tests and match-related technical performance to variance in involvements with the ball during recreational 5-a-side small-sided (32 × 15 m) soccer matches. Using a cross-sectional design, 80 healthy male students (14.6 ± 0.5 years of age; range 13.6–15.4) who played soccer recreationally were randomly divided into 10 teams and played against each other. Measurements included height, body mass, pubertal status, health-related fitness (12-min walk/run test, standing long jump, 15-m sprint and sit-ups in 30 s), soccer-specific tests (kicking for speed, passing for accuracy and agility run with and without a ball), match-related technical performance (kicks, passes and dribbles) and involvements with the ball during matches. Forward multiple regression analysis revealed that cardiorespiratory fitness (12-min walk/run test) accounted for 36% of the variance in involvements with the ball. When agility with the ball (zigzag running) and power (standing long jump) were included among the predictors, the total explained variance increased to 62%. In conclusion, recreational adolescent players, regardless of their soccer-specific skills, may increase participation in soccer matches most through physical activities that promote improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle power and agility.  相似文献   

Coordination analysis of players’ distribution in football using cross-correlation and vector coding techniques     

Felipe Arruda Moura  Richard E. A. van Emmerik  Juliana Exel Santana  Luiz Eduardo Barreto Martins  Ricardo Machado Leite de Barros  Sergio Augusto Cunha 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2224-2232

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Deleterious effects of obesity on physical fitness in pre-pubertal children     

Arianna Ceschia  Stefano Giacomini  Simone Santarossa  Miriam Rugo  Desy Salvadego  Alessandro Da Ponte 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(2):271-278

The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades in Europe and understanding physical fitness and its components in children is critical to design and implement effective interventions. The objective of the present study was to analyse the association between physical fitness (aerobic, speed, agility, power, flexibility and balance) and body mass index (BMI) in pre-pubertal children. A total of 2411 healthy schoolchildren (7–11 years) participated in this study. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were assessed by skinfold thickness. Physical fitness was measured by nine physical fitness tests: endurance running, 20 m running speed, agility, handgrip strength, standing long jump and squat jump, sit and reach, medicine ball forward throw and static balance. No relevant differences were observed between boys and girls regarding anthropometric characteristics, body composition and physical fitness. However, overweight and obese children showed significantly lower physical fitness levels in endurance running, speed and agility (mean: +18.8, +5.5 and +14.5% of time to complete tasks, respectively), lower limb power normalised to body mass (?23.3%) and balance tests (number of falls: +165.5%) than their normal weight counterparts. On the other hand, obesity did not affect handgrip, throwing and flexibility. In conclusion, increased BMI was associated with lower performance capabilities limiting proper motor skill development, which directly affects the ability of children to take on sports skills. Actions undertaken to promote children's wellness and fitness should be prioritised and introduced early in life with the aim of enhancing physical fitness as well as preventing overweight and obesity.  相似文献   

The Landless Workers Movement’s itinerant schools: occupying and transforming public education in Brazil     

Alessandro Mariano 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2019,40(4):538-559

Abstract

This article explores how social movement co-governance of public education offers an alternative to neoliberal educational models. The Brazilian Landless Workers Movement (MST) is one of the largest social movements in Latin America. We describe one of the many schools that the MST co-governs, the Itinerant School Paths of Knowledge (Caminhos do Saber), located in an occupied encampment in the state of Paraná. We analyze three of the most unique pedagogical innovations in the school: the teacher’s incorporation of ‘portions of reality’ into classroom teaching, the student work collectives, and the participatory student evaluation process. Although these pedagogies are seemingly mundane changes to everyday school practice, we argue that they represent a challenge to the neoliberal educational model being implemented globally. These movement pedagogies are likely to continue, despite recent conservative attacks, and they offer several concrete lessons for how to effectively contest neoliberal educational practices in other global contexts.  相似文献   

The soul of vocational schools: Training as a religious experience     

Claudio De Moura Castro 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1988,34(2):195-206

There is more to schools than buildings and a collection of hired teachers. They develop values, transmit aspirations and require certain sets of beliefs. Unless schools convince students of the importance of what they teach, their chances of success are very slim. In a society which puts much value on university diplomas, convincing students that plumbing is the best occupation in the world may prove to be well-nigh possible. The most successful vocational programmes tend to be those that are operated either by systems dedicated to vocational education or by specialized schools within the regular system. Many planners will insist on solutions that lead to some degree of physical segregation. But given the usually high correlation between social class origin and school achievement, it is undeniable that we end up with a system that segregates the poor in courses of study that lead to lower-level occupations.

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Zusammenfassung Schulen sind mehr als nur Gebäude und eine Ansammlung angestellter Lehrer. Sie entwickeln Werte, vermitteln Hoffnungen und bauen auf bestimmten Glaubenssätzen auf. Solange Schulen ihre Schüler nicht von der Wichtigkeit dessen, was unterrichtet wird, überzeugen, sind ihre Aussichten auf Erfolg gering. In einer Gesellschaft, die einem Universitätsdiplom einen hohen Stellenwert einräumt, dürfte es fast unmöglich sein, Schüler davon zu überzeugen, daß Klempner der beste Beruf der Welt ist. Die erfolgreichsten Berufsprogramme sind meistens die, die von den der Berufsausbilding verpflichteten Systeme oder von Fachschulen innerhalb des regulären Systems durchgeführt werden. Zahlreiche Bildungsplaner werden auf Lösungen bestehen, die zu einem gewissen Grad von Segregation führen. Geht man aber von der im allgemeinen engen Verknüpfung zwischen sozialer Herkunft und Schulleistung aus, so kann nicht geleugnet werden, daß dies zu einem System führt, das die Minderbemittelten in Ausbildungsvorgänge einweist, die sie nur auf einfache Berufe vorbereiten.

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Résumé Les écoles sont bien plus que de simples bâtiments et une équipe d'enseignants. Elles développent des valeurs, transmettent des aspirations et requièrent certains modèles de croyances. Si les écoles ne convainquent pas les élèves de l'importance de leur enseignement, leurs chances de succès sont très minces. Dans une société qui attache de la valeur aux diplômes universitaires, il semble pratiquement impossible de persuader les apprenants que le métier de plombier est le meilleur du monde. Les programmes d'enseignement professionel les plus efficaces semblent être ceux qui procèdent soit par des systèmes spécialisés de formation professionelle soit par des écoles spécialisées intégrées dans le système formel. Les spécialistes de la planification insisteront sur les solutions qui conduisent à un certain degré de séparation physique. Cependant, étant donné la corrélation habituellement élevée entre l'origine sociale et les acquis scolaires, il est indéniable que nous aboutirons à un système qui isolera le pauvre dans des cours qui mènent à des métiers de bas niveau.

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“Real life use” of troponin in the emergency department: a survey of over 3000 cases     

Matteo Vidali  Enrica Verzotti  Nicole Cabraz  Francesca Santi  Alessia Puma  Giorgio Bellomo  Alessandro Lupi  Giuseppe Lippi  Gian Carlo Avanzi 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2015,25(3):421-429

Introduction

The aim of this study was to identify clinical variables which may be independently associated with positivity of a cardiac troponin I (cTnI) assay in a large population of patients admitted to the emergency department (ED).

Materials and methods

3166 subjects, with at least two troponin I tests ordered within 6 hours in the ED, were studied. Patient data were statistically analyzed to identify clinical associations with increased values of Troponin I.

Results

Although patients with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome displayed troponin I values significantly higher than those of other groups, positivity to troponin I (> 40 ng/L) was also observed in patients with other clinical conditions. In multivariate analysis, age, elevated heart rate and electrocardiographyc changes were independently associated with troponin I positivity at admission. In the whole study population troponin I positivity exhibited high sensitivity and negative predictive value, counterbalanced by low specificity and limited positive predictive value.

Conclusions

Troponin I positivity should be combined with history and clinical evaluation and cautiously interpreted in the ED, especially in patients exhibiting factors associated with higher troponin I levels such as older age, elevated heart rate or ECG changes.Key words: troponin I, acute coronary syndrome, emergency service, hospital, chest pain  相似文献   

Acute effects of two different tennis sessions on dorsal and lumbar spine of adult players     

Maria Chiara Gallotta  Valerio Bonavolontà  Gian Pietro Emerenziani  Emanuele Franciosi  Alessandro Tito  Laura Guidetti 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(11):1173-1181

The aim of the study was to evaluate the dorsal and lumbar spine of expert and recreational tennis players before (pre) and after (post) two different training sessions. The sample consisted of 17 male tennis players, nine expert and eight recreational males (age 21.2 ± 1.6 years). We assessed the back surface by rasterstereography pre and post two different training sessions both lasting 1.5 h: a standard training and a specific over-shoulder shots training session, respectively. Lordotic and kyphotic angle, length, imbalance, inclination for trunk, pelvic torsion, left and right lateral deviation and surface rotation were measured. Tennis expertise (expert versus recreational) significantly affected the surface rotation and right lateral deviation (P < 0.05). Trunk length was affected by intervention (pre versus post) (P < 0.05). Left lateral deviation differed both for type of session (session 1 versus session 2) and intervention (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Expert tennis players had higher values on surface rotation and right lateral deviation, around or just above physiological values (0–5° and 0–5 mm, respectively). Type of session significantly affected left lateral deviation, indicating that over-shoulder shots lead to a higher stress for the spine; the workload produced by both single sessions led to a shortening effect on trunk length. A single training session can induce acute modifications in some parameters of dorsal and lumbar spine of players.  相似文献   

Aerobic exercise did not have compensatory effects on physical activity levels in type 2 diabetes patients     

Bruno Pereira de Moura  João Carlos Bouzas Marins  Sylvia Do Carmo Castro Franceschini  Janice Sepúlveda Reis  Paulo Roberto Dos Santos Amorim 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(6):545-551

Although exercise promotes beneficial effects in diabetic patients, some studies have questioned the degree of their importance in terms of the increase in total energy expenditure. In these studies, the decrease of physical activity levels (PAL) was referred as “compensatory effect of exercise”. However, our aim was to investigate whether aerobic exercise has compensatory effects on PAL in type 2 diabetes patients. Eight volunteers (51.1 ± 8.2 years) were enrolled in a supervised exercise programme for 8 weeks (3 d · wk^?1, 50–60% of VO₂ peak for 30–60 min). PAL was measured using tri-axial accelerometers in the 1st, 8th and 12th weeks. Biochemical tests, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometric assessment and body composition were measured in the 2nd and 11th weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests (Friedman and Wilcoxon, P < 0.05). We found no significant differences in PAL between intervention periods, and participants spent the majority of their awake time in sedentary activities. However, the exercise programme generated a significant 14.8% increase in VO₂ peak and a 15% reduction in fructosamine. The exercise programme had no compensatory effects on PAL in type 2 diabetes patients, but improved their cardiorespiratory fitness and glycaemic control.  相似文献   

A genetic programming framework to schedule webpage updates     

Aécio S. R. Santos  Cristiano R. de Carvalho  Jussara M. Almeida  Edleno S. de Moura  Altigran S. da Silva  Nivio Ziviani 《Information Retrieval》2015,18(1):73-94

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R&D, higher education and regional growth: Uneven linkages among European regions     

Alessandro Sterlacchini   《Research Policy》2008,37(6-7):1096-1107

This paper examines the relationship between the economic growth of European regions and their knowledge and human capital endowments. The share of adult population with tertiary education and the intensity of R&D expenditures in value-added emerge as the most effective factors enhancing the growth of GDP per capita recorded, during 1995–2002, by the regions belonging to twelve countries of the former EU15. However, while the educational variable is effective for the whole regional set, the impact of R&D is significant only for the regions that are above a given threshold of per capita GDP. Moreover, remarkable disparities arise among the regions of different countries. In particular, only within North European countries there is a significant relationship between regional growth and the intensity of R&D and higher education. The policy implications of both findings are discussed.  相似文献