Parallel computation approaches for flexible multibody dynamics simulations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Olivier A. Bauchau 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2010,347(1):53-68

Finite element based formulations for flexible multibody systems are becoming increasingly popular and as the complexity of the configurations to be treated increases, so does the computational cost. It seems natural to investigate the applicability of parallel processing to this type of problems; domain decomposition techniques have been used extensively for this purpose. In this approach, the computational domain is divided into non-overlapping sub-domains, and the continuity of the displacement field across sub-domain boundaries is enforced via the Lagrange multiplier technique. In the finite element literature, this approach is presented as a mathematical algorithm that enables parallel processing. In this paper, the divided system is viewed as a flexible multibody system, and the sub-domains are connected by kinematic constraints. Consequently, all the techniques applicable to the enforcement of constraints in multibody systems become applicable to the present problem. In particular, it is shown that a combination of the localized Lagrange multiplier technique with the augmented Lagrange formulation leads to interesting solution strategies.  相似文献   

A Faculty Merit Pay Allocation Model     

Wenger  Robert B.  Girard  Dennis M. 《Research in higher education》2000,41(2):195-207

Merit review processes within academic departments usually consist of two parts: a performance review and evaluation step and a monetary calculation step. Of the two, the performance review step is clearly the more important in achieving fairness and equity. However, the monetary calculation step also plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the overall process. In an attempt to address the issue of salary compression, the principle used by most departments in allocating merit pay is to award comparable percentage increases in salary to faculty members with similar merit ratings. A merit pay allocation model based on this principle is presented in this paper. The model, a major generalization of an earlier one presented by Camp, Gibbs, and Masters (1988), enables users to calculate merit pay amounts for individual faculty members in a systematic and efficient manner. It is also sufficiently flexible to allow for the incorporation of policy directives often contained in pay packages.  相似文献   

Bridging the Gap between the Lab and the Classroom: An Online Citizen Scientific Research Project with Teachers Aiming at Improving Inhibitory Control of School‐Age Children     

Marie Letang  Pascaline Citron  Julien Garbarg‐Chenon  Olivier Houd  Grgoire Borst 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2021,15(1):122-128

Online citizen science allows us to bridge the gap between researchers and nonresearchers and to improve the scientific literacy of nonresearchers. The aims of the present study were (a) to determine whether a 5‐week randomized control trial conducted by teachers in their classroom could improve 7‐ to 12‐year‐old children's inhibitory control (IC) and (b) to provide proof of concept that online scientific research projects can provide meaningful results in the context of education. As expected, children in the IC training group improved their IC efficiency to a greater extent than children in the control training group. We provide the first evidence that such online scientific research projects can be effective in improving children's IC abilities and bridge the gap between the lab and the classroom.  相似文献   

Firm technological responses to regulatory changes: A longitudinal study in the Le Mans Prototype racing     

Paolo Aversa  Olivier Guillotin 《Research Policy》2018,47(9):1655-1673

Despite the critical role of regulations on competition and innovation, little is known about firm responses and related effects on performance under regulatory contingencies that are permissive or restrictive. By longitudinally investigating hybrid cars competing in the Le Mans Prototype racing (LMP1), we counter-intuitively suggest that permissive regulations increase technological uncertainty and thus decrease the firms’ likelihood of shifting their technological trajectory, while restrictive regulations lead to the opposite outcome. Further, we suggest that permissive regulations favour firms that innovate their products by sequentially upgrading core and peripheral subsystems, while restrictive regulations (in the long term) favour firms upgrading them simultaneously. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.  相似文献   

Gradient descent optimization of smoothed information retrieval metrics     

Olivier Chapelle  Mingrui Wu 《Information Retrieval》2010,13(3):216-235

Most ranking algorithms are based on the optimization of some loss functions, such as the pairwise loss. However, these loss functions are often different from the criteria that are adopted to measure the quality of the web page ranking results. To overcome this problem, we propose an algorithm which aims at directly optimizing popular measures such as the Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain and the Average Precision. The basic idea is to minimize a smooth approximation of these measures with gradient descent. Crucial to this kind of approach is the choice of the smoothing factor. We provide various theoretical analysis on that choice and propose an annealing algorithm to iteratively minimize a less and less smoothed approximation of the measure of interest. Results on the Letor benchmark datasets show that the proposed algorithm achieves state-of-the-art performances.  相似文献   

A review of the penetration of Francophone research on intervention in physical education and sport in Anglophone journals since 2010     

Olivier Vors  Amélina Girard  Nathalie Gal-Petitfaux  Benoît Lenzen  Nicolas Mascret  Alain Mouchet 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2020,25(4):331-345

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Since the 1990s, the notion of intervention has expanded with growing interest in the analysis of practices in Francophone country. French-speaking research community considers intervention sciences as a specific field of research in sport and PE. The aim of this literature review was to characterize the penetration of Francophone research in the English-language literature in physical education and sport concerned with intervention since 2010 in the category ‘Education & Educational Research’ of the Journal Citation Reports (2017). This research was in line with the analysis of the papers presented during six Francophone congresses from 2000 to 2010 of the Association for Research on Intervention in Sport (Musard and Poggi 2015 Musard, Mathilde, and Marie-Paule Poggi. 2015. “Intervention in Physical Education and Sport: Trends and Developments in a Decade of Francophone Research.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 20 (3): 250–267. doi:10.1080/17408989.2013.817008.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]).

Methods: The selection of articles was carried out in three stages: selection of journals, selection of articles manually, the second level of selection. The selection of journals is do in this category "Education & Educational Research" (JCR, 2017) focusing primarily on sport and physical education. Six journals met these criteria: Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, European Physical Education Review, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, Sport Education and society, Quest, Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport & Tourism Education. Then, the selection of articles was manually analyzing all the publications of each journal since 2010 (almost 2000 articles) according to inclusion criteria "sport or physical education", "francophone authors", and "intervention". Each 46 articles selected was classified according to its theoretical framework. The last stage of selection corresponded to an analyze and an extension of the literature review by a French-speaking specialist in each theoretical framework.

Results: The results show that French-language research on/in/for intervention is in close connection with the international tradition. Some approaches such as didactique, a technological approach, and course of action, have a Francophone specificity based on various international theoretical anchors; others such as motor learning, social psychology, ecological approach come from non-French-speaking international theoretical frameworks.

Discussion and conclusion: These findings raise the question of the Francophone specificity of intervention sciences. Beyond particular French-speaking theoretical frameworks, concepts and concerns join Anglophone traditions. As in the international fields of ‘sport pedagogy’ or ‘praxis’, the Francophone intervention sciences are composed of a diversity of theoretical approaches and are focused towards an epistemology of action. These two communities can enrich each other and deserve more interaction and exchange.  相似文献   

Statistics in the speed cameras debate     

Jean Claude Girard 《Teaching Statistics》2013,35(1):61-65

This article illustrates how statistical arguments can be used to influence public policy . . . for better or for worse.  相似文献   

Video production as a tool for raising educator awareness about collaborative teacher–parent partnerships     

Lesley Wood  Tilla Olivier 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(4):399-414

Background:?This article describes research undertaken with teachers working in a South African township school, where parental involvement is a persistent problematic issue.

Purpose:?The purpose of the study was to explore the use of video production as a tool for assisting teachers to explore their perceptions about parental involvement in education and how these perceptions impact on their relationships with parents.

Sample:?Nine teachers participated voluntarily in the study, seven from two different primary schools and two from the high school in the township. All the teachers were isiXhosa speaking and had grown up in communities similar to the one in which the school was situated.

Design and methods:?Following a participatory research approach, we guided the participating teachers to design and produce short videos about issues that they perceived to impact negatively on their teaching and learning. We then facilitated critical reflection on these videos, specifically exploring how they had portrayed the teacher–parent relationship in each case.

Results:?Through a content analysis of a structured focus group and their written responses to questions, we identified emergent themes that made it apparent that the participating teachers viewed parents in a negative light, indicating a lack of the respect that would be required for the formation and sustainment of co-operative relationships. These themes were then used to facilitate discussion to raise teacher awareness of how the teachers' perceptions of parents could hinder meaningful parental involvement.

Conclusion:?The article offers an example of how visual methodologies can be useful tools for beginning to raise teacher awareness around issues, as a precursor to helping teachers to take action to improve a given situation.  相似文献   

Increasing Participation in Study Abroad Programs: Organizational Strategies in Quebec CEGEPs     

Olivier Bégin-Caouette  Véronique Angers  Kimon Niflis 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(6):568-583

International experience is said to promote students’ intercultural sensitivity, employability and academic achievement; yet few community college students go abroad during their studies. This study aims to identify which organizational strategies are related to the participation rate in study abroad programs (SAPs). Taking the case of Quebec general and vocational colleges (CEGEPs [collèges d’enseignement general et professionnel]), a group-frequency analysis was performed on data obtained through a survey to which 39 CEGEPs responded (81% of the population). Using Knight’s (1999, 2004) terminology of organizational strategies, findings reveal that institutions with higher participation rates use four strategies to a greater extent: institutional commitment towards internationalization; educative mission statement referring to SAPs; international offices; and funding offered to students who participate in SAPs. A standard regression confirms that commitment and funding are positively correlated with student participation rates.  相似文献   

Effect of physiological harvest stages on the composition of bioactive compounds in Cavendish bananas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Christelle Bruno Bonnet  Olivier Hubert  Didier Mbeguie-A-Mbeguie  Dominique Pallet  Abel Hiol  Max Reynes  Patrick Poucheret 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2013,14(4):270-278

The combined influence of maturation, ripening, and climate on the profile of bioactive compounds was studied in banana (Musa acuminata, AAA, Cavendish, cv. Grande Naine). Their bioactive compounds were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method. The polyphenol content of bananas harvested after 400 degree days remained unchanged during ripening, while bananas harvested after 600 and 900 degree days exhibited a significant polyphenol increase. Although dopamine was the polyphenol with the highest concentration in banana peels during the green developmental stage and ripening, its kinetics differed from the total polyphenol profile. Our results showed that this matrix of choice (maturation, ripening, and climate) may allow selection of the banana (M. acuminata, AAA, Cavendish, cv. Grande Naine) status that will produce optimal concentrations of identified compounds with human health relevance.  相似文献