The influence of diglossia in Arabic on narrative ability: evidence from analysis of the linguistic and narrative structure of discourse among pre-school children     

Mark Leikin  Raphiq Ibrahim  Hazar Eghbaria 《Reading and writing》2014,27(4):733-747

The aim of the present study is to examine the influence of diglossia on linguistic and narrative structures in Arab kindergarten children by testing performance in production and comprehension. The 30 children who participated in our study were asked to retell one narrative text that was read aloud to them in Literary Arabic and another narrative text that was retold to them in Spoken Arabic. Then they were given a comprehension test that included questions pertaining to each of the two stories. In addition, two questionnaires were filled in by their parents, for collecting personal data and evaluating the level of the children’s exposure to Literary Arabic at home. The findings show a significant advantage in the retold spoken text over the retold literary text and in understanding the narrative-discourse. In addition, the findings show that the linguistic gap between Literary and Spoken Arabic seems to impact the level of mastery over linguistic structures in both forms of Arabic. Both of these findings indicate that, despite the fact that the exposure to Literary Arabic at a young age is informal and indirect, pre-school children are able to use linguistic structures from the literary language and to comprehend narrative texts. These results, with a particular emphasis on spoken and literary linguistic knowledge in pre-school children, are discussed herein in light of previous behavioral findings and models of development of narrative abilities in the Arabic language.  相似文献   

Why We Watch: Factors Affecting Exposure to Tragic Television News     

Cynthia A. Hoffner  Yuki Fujioka  Jiali Ye  Amal G. S. Ibrahim 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(2):193-216

This study explored the reasons people expose themselves to news depicting tragic events. A total of 376 undergraduates completed anonymous questionnaires about their responses to news coverage of the events of September 11. The study examined the extent to which individual differences in empathy gave rise to news viewing motives (surveillance, reassurance, curiosity), and how these variables, as well as negative emotional responses (anger, sadness, fear), were related to news interest and exposure. Both empathy and emotional responses were associated in predictable ways with interest in news coverage and selective exposure to specific types of news stories (e.g., casualty news, positive news). The results demonstrate that considering affective motivations can enrich our understanding of how and why people use news media. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

Relationship between free iron and glycated hemoglobin in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes patients associated with complications     

Jeevan K. Shetty  Mungli Prakash  Mohammad S. Ibrahim 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(1):67-70

Free iron in serum has been found in several disease conditions including diabetes. In the present work, we studied the relationship between free iron, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA_1c). Study was carried out on 50 type 2 diabetes cases under poor glycemic control associated with complications, 53 type 2 diabetes cases under good glycemic control and 40 healthy controls. We estimated free iron, both ferrous (Fe⁺²) and ferric (Fe⁺³) form, protein thiols, lipid hydroperoxides, FBG, HbA1c and serum ferritin levels in serum. There was a significant increase in free iron in Fe⁺³ state (p <0.01), HbA_1c (p<0.01), serum ferritin (p<0.01), lipid hydroperoxides (p<0.01) and significant decrease in protein thiols (<0.01) in diabetes cases under poor glycemic control compared to diabetes cases under good glycemic control and healthy controls. Free iron correlated positively with HbA_1c (p<0.01). Poor glycemic control and increase in glycation of haemoglobin is contributing to the increase in free iron pool which is known to increase oxidant generation.  相似文献   

Mixed-methods pre-match cooling improves simulated soccer performance in the heat     

Jeffrey William Frederick Aldous  Bryna Catherine Rose Chrismas  Ibrahim Akubat  Charlotte Anne Stringer  Grant Abt 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(2):156-165

This investigation examined the effects of three pre-match and half-time cooling manoeuvres on physical performance and associated physiological and perceptual responses in eight University soccer players during a non-motorised treadmill based individualised soccer-specific simulation [intermittent soccer performance test (iSPT)] at 30°C. Four randomised experimental trials were completed; following 30-min (pre-match) and 15-min (half-time) cooling manoeuvres via (1) ice slurry ingestion (SLURRY); (2) ice-packs placed on the quadriceps and hamstrings (PACKS); (3) mixed-methods (MM; PACKS and SLURRY concurrently); or no-cooling (CON). In iSPT first half, a moderate increase in total (Mean?±?Standard Deviation: 108?±?57 m, qualitative inference: most likely, Cohen’s d: 0.87, 90%CL: ±0.31), high-speed (56?±?46 m, very likely, 0.68?±?0.38) and variable run (15?±?5 m, very likely, 0.81?±?0.47) distance covered was reported in MM compared with CON. Additionally, pre-match reductions in thermal sensation (–1.0?±?0.5, most likely, –0.91?±?0.36), rectal (–0.6?±?0.1°C, very likely, –0.86?±?0.35) and skin temperature (–1.1?±?0.3°C, very likely, –0.88?±?0.42) continued throughout iSPT first half. Physical performance during iSPT first half was unaltered in SLURRY and PACKS compared to CON. Rectal temperature was moderately increased in SLURRY at 45-min (0.2?±?0.1°C, very likely, 0.67?±?0.36). Condition did not influence any measure in iSPT second half compared to CON. Only MM pre-match cooling augmented physical performance during iSPT first half, likely due to peripheral and central thermoregulatory factors favourably influencing first half iSPT performance. Further practical half-time cooling manoeuvres which enhance second half performance are still required.  相似文献   

Andy Hargreaves and Dean Fink, Sustainable Leadership     

Ibrahim Ahmad Bajunid 《Journal of Educational Change》2006,7(1-2):109-111

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Availability of Education and Training for Medical Specialists about the Impact of Dementia on Comorbid Disease Management     

Joseph Elias Ibrahim 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(12):925-941

Individuals with dementia carry an additional health burden of multiple comorbid conditions. Effectively assessing and treating these comorbid conditions requires the medical specialist to be aware of, understand, and manage the effects of dementia on their clinical subspecialty practice. This ecological study describes the dementia-related education available to medical specialists in Australia outside the domains of geriatrics, neurology, and psychiatry. The dementia-related content of specialist medical training curricula and dementia-related information published in high-impact medical journals between 2000–2012 was reviewed. Dementia-related education was found to be absent from the training curricula for 14 of the medical specialties within Australia. And less than 0.10% (1,921 articles) of the more than two million articles published in the 138 journals assessed were dementia related.  相似文献   

Role of water molecules in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate reversed micelles in n-heptane     

Taleb H. Ibrahim 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2010,347(5):875-881

Recently molecular modeling was employed on the metal-extracted aggregates that form during the liquid/liquid extraction of transition metals. During the extraction process, the aqueous phase pH is adjusted with sodium hydroxide. In additional to the formation of the transition metal-extractant reversed micelles, sodium-bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (NaDEHP) reversed micelles can also form. According to the classical model of reversed micelles, water molecules act as promoters for the formation of reversed micelles. Water molecules act as “gluing” agents for micellization in apolar media. Here we report a unique finding about the role of water molecules in reversed micellar aggregates using molecular modeling. The molecular modeling of the reversed micellar system of NaDEHP in n-heptane clearly shows that water molecules can act as an “antimicellization” agent. Water molecules have no gluing effect on the formation of NaDEHP reversed micelles. In fact, large NaDEHP reversed micelles are formed in “dry” conditions.  相似文献   

岁月荷兰     

Rony/ 《当代体育》2009,(4):74-74

笔者是一个荷兰球迷，喜欢橙色的激情和攻势足球，对荷兰联赛也充满着热爱，如果让我用一句话来形容荷兰联赛便为：“小荷才露尖尖角”。荷兰联赛培养出了一批又一批的世界希望之星，  相似文献   

Evaluation of genetic potential of the polyvoltine silkworm （Bombyx mori L.） germplasm and identification of parents for breeding programme     

Rao CG  Seshagiri SV  Ramesh C  Ibrahim Basha K  Nagaraju H  Chandrashekaraiah 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(3):215-220

In the present study, polyvoltine germplasm stock ofAndhra Pradesh State Sericulture Research and Development, Institute （APSSRDI） was evaluated for its performance based on quantitative and qualitative traits. Twenty-one oval and 10 peanut cocoon shaped lines were reared in different seasons of the year. Since the polyvoltines are non-diapausing, six generations were reared and evaluated for various economically important traits based on evaluation index and sub-ordinate function statistical methods. Ten top ranked lines obtained by using both the methods were identified as potential parental strains. Among oval lines, APMI4, APMI 1, APMIS, APMW9, and APMI9, and among peanut lines APMD5, APMDI, APMD3, APMD9 and APMD8 were selected as base material. The identified high yielding lines will be used in various breeding programmes as initial parents for the synthesis of superior polyvoltine breeds/hybrids.  相似文献   

留洋中国球员收获     

Rony 《当代体育》2009,(2):74-74

2008年夏天对于中国足球来说是特别的一年，随之而来的却是留洋球员人数越来越少，从当时的十多人急剧减少到了几个人。这次我来介绍一下自己以前的一些留洋球员签名。  相似文献