Distribution of School Knowledge and Social Reproduction in a Brazilian Urban Setting     

Tomaz Tadeu Da Silva 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1988,9(1):55-79

The present study was designed to elucidate the ways in which the distribution of school knowledge contributes to processes of cultural and social reproduction. Three schools in the southern Brazilian city of Porto Alegre were studied for this purpose: a private institution serving an upper class clientele; a public school serving children of the middle class; and a public school attended by working‐class children. Two classrooms at each of the three schools were intensively observed during one semester. Teachers and staff were interviewed concerning their pedagogical views.

Patterns of instruction and control observed at the three schools suggest that children from different social classes receive substantially different kinds of schooling. The most obvious distinction in ideological discourse observed among staff members at the three schools concerns the existence of an explicit pedagogy endorsed at the private school and the concomitant absence of any such similar rationale at the other two schools.

The final sections of the paper discuss the implications of these findings for processes of cultural and social reproduction and their relation to relevant literature.  相似文献   

Comparison of two modes of web-based instruction in a course on environmental protection     

Mladen Koljatic  Mónica Silva  Eduardo Varas  Adriana Vergara 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2004,35(5):657-658

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Mental health professionals' attitudes and practices towards male childhood sexual abuse     

Lab DD  Feigenbaum JD  De Silva P 《Child abuse & neglect》2000,24(3):391-409

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to test the hypothesis of Holmes, Offen, and Waller (1997) that mental health professionals are not asking male patients about histories of sexual abuse. It also aims to investigate general attitudes and practices of mental health professionals to the issue of male sexual abuse. METHOD: One hundred and seventy-nine questionnaires were given to nurses, psychologists, and psychiatrists asking 10 questions about their attitudes and practice towards male sexual abuse. RESULTS: The majority of staff questioned rarely inquire about sexual abuse in male patients; staff are generally using ineffective and unsystematic methods of enquiry when they do ask; knowledge of prevalence rates of male sexual abuse are extremely variable; and 2/3 of staff report having had no specific training in assessment/treatment of sexual abuse and a similar number do not feel sufficiently trained to be able to inquire about sexual abuse in male patients. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence for Holmes and colleagues' (1997) hypothesis that men are not being asked about sexual abuse histories. It also highlights a need for training professionals about male sexual abuse.  相似文献   

Temperamental Origins of Child and Adolescent Behavior Problems: From Age Three to Age Fifteen   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Avshalom Caspi  Bill Henry  Rob O. McGee  Terrie E. Moffitt  Phil A. Silva 《Child development》1995,66(1):55-68

We assessed relations between early temperament and behavior problems across 12 years in an unselected sample of over 800 children. Temperament measures were drawn from behavior ratings made by examiners who observed children at ages 3, 5, 7, and 9. Factor analyses revealed 3 dimensions at each age: Lack of Control, Approach, and Sluggishness . Temperament dimensions at ages 3 and 5 were correlated in theoretically coherent ways with behavior problems that were independently evaluated by parents and teachers at ages 9 and 11, and by parents at ages 13 and 15. Lack of Control was more strongly associated with later externalizing behavior problems than with internalizing problems; Approach was associated with fewer internalizing problems among boys; and Sluggishness was weakly associated with both anxiety and inattention, especially among girls. Lack of Control and Sluggishness were also associated with fewer adolescent competencies. These results suggest that early temperament may have predictive specificity for the development of later psychopathology.  相似文献   

Making Hegemony Problematic for the Professoriate: Power,Knowledge and the Concurrent Center in America's Higher Learning*     

Sheila Slaughter  Edward T. Silva 《Educational theory》1983,33(2):79-90

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Understanding the Gender Gap in Science and Engineering: Evidence from the Chilean College Admissions Tests     

Fernanda Gándara  Monica Silva 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2016,14(6):1079-1092

This study seeks to develop a better understanding of the underrepresentation of women in science and engineering by analyzing the gender gaps (a) in the interest in pursuing a science degree and (b) on science achievement. We use national-level college admissions data to examine gender differences and to explore the association between these outcomes and the attendance to single-sex or co-educational schools. The Chilean college admissions system provides a unique context to study these gender differences, since applicants who wish to pursue an undergraduate degree in science or engineering are required to take a high-stakes standardized science achievement test as part of the admission battery. This test has three subjects: biology, physics, and chemistry, and applicants must choose to be tested in only one of them. Significant gender differences exist for the examinees in their choice of subject and achievement on (the tests). Gender gaps favoring males are observed in the three forms. Both interest and achievement in science are associated with the sex composition of the school attended.  相似文献   

A Qualitative Metasynthesis of Consultation Process Research: What We Know and Where to Go     

Daniel S. Newman  Elizabeth L. W. McKenney  Arlene E. Silva  Mary Clare  Diane Salmon  Safiyah Jackson 《Journal of educational and psychological consultation》2017,27(1):13-51

ABSTRACT

Qualitative metasynthesis (QM) is a research methodology that permits the meaningful integration and interpretation of qualitative research. This study applies a QM approach combined with constructivist grounded theory methods, bolstered by several features of research credibility, to examine the state of consultee-centered consultation (CCC) and related relational, process-oriented school consultation research. A systematic search and retrieval process including two rounds of appraisal resulted in a final sample of 38 relevant studies from 1995 to 2014. Data analyses included two stages of coding/theme development. Integrated themes suggest a number of considerations regarding consultation implementation including: system-level factors; consultation structure; consultee voice, social-emotional support, and learning; ecological orientation and cultural responsiveness; and consultation training. Future research priorities stemming from these themes are identified and elaborated upon, as are future applications for QM in educational research.  相似文献   

The effectiveness of a marketing virtual reality learning simulation: A quantitative survey with psychophysiological measures     

Billy Sung  Enrique Mergelsberg  Min Teah  Brandon D’Silva  Ian Phau 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2021,52(1):196-213

Virtual reality (VR) technology has been shown to be a promising teaching method in STEM subjects. Extending these findings, the current study is the first to develop and examine the feasibility of using a VR simulation in marketing (ie, a non-STEM subject). Specifically, the levels of immersion and three learning outcomes (learning attitude, enjoyment and performance) were compared between the marketing students who learned the same content through a VR simulation prototype versus a traditional static video presentation. Learning enjoyment was measured using facial electromyography, which served as a more objective measures for the feeling of enjoyment. Compared to the video condition, the results showed that VR resulted in a higher experience of immersion, learning attitude and learning enjoyment. Furthermore, immersion was found to fully mediate the positive effects of the VR simulation on learning attitude, but not enjoyment. Surprisingly, students in the video condition performed better on the knowledge-based test than those in the VR condition. The current study suggests that the current prototype of the VR simulations should be used as supplementary resource to increase the learning attitude and enjoyment, but not as a main teaching material to enhance knowledge-based performance in the marketing discipline.  相似文献   

Implications of the learning environment in a professional Master’s degree in business administration in Brazil     

Silva  Mary Dayane Souza  da Silva  Anielson Barbosa  de Araújo Lima Coelho  Ana Lúcia 《Learning Environments Research》2019,22(2):173-192

Learning Environments Research - This study focused on the implications of a learning environment in a professional Master’s degree in business administration in Brazil. The study was...  相似文献   

The good,the bad and the ugly: Three faces of social media usage by local governments     

Patrícia Silva  António F. Tavares  Tiago Silva  Mariana Lameiras 《Government Information Quarterly》2019,36(3):469-479

This article explores the determinants of local governments' use of social networking sites. It does so by analysing the relative impact of institutional, political and social determinants, while controlling for the impact of mayors' traits and social characteristics of municipalities on local governments levels of activity on Facebook. Empirically, this article presents a within-case analysis of Portuguese municipalities' activity on social media, aiming to shed light on the strategic use of social media by local governments. A coherent picture associated with politically pro-active local governments emerges from the results: higher levels of social media activity appear in municipalities with more competitive local elections and higher commitment to transparency. Moreover, findings suggest that local governments tend to be concerned with the low levels of voter turnout, potentially resorting to social media as a powerful tool to increase civic engagement and (offline) political participation. Levels of Facebook activity are significantly higher in larger and wealthier municipalities. The results indicate that Facebook official pages of municipalities are part of a larger arsenal of tools to promote political engagement and activity levels signal a propensity to involve citizens pro-actively.  相似文献