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We examine the incident known as “Climategate” in which emails and other documents relating to climate scientists and their work were illegitimately accessed and posted to the Internet. The contents of the files prompted questions about the credibility of climate science and the legitimacy of some of the climate scientists’ practices. Multiple investigations unfolded to repair the boundary that had been breached. While exonerating the scientists of wrongdoing and endorsing the legitimacy of the consensus opinion, the investigating committees suggested revisions to some scientific practices. Despite this boundary repair work, the credibility and legitimacy of the scientific enterprise were not fully restored in the eyes of several stakeholders. We explore why this is the case, identify boundary bridging approaches to address these issues, and highlight policy implications. 相似文献
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AbstractAthletes have been shown to have greater movement imagery abilities than non-athletes. However, since these differences were observed using questionnaires where participants subjectively judged the vividness of performing imagined movements, it is possible that responses could be biased by other factors such as social desirability. One possible solution is to use an objective test, such as the Test of Ability in Movement Imagery (TAMI; Madan, C. R., & Singhal, A. (2013). Introducing TAMI: An objective test of ability in movement imagery. Journal of Motor Behavior, 45, 153–166.). Unfortunately, young adults perform relatively well on the TAMI, leaving little room for statistical sensitivity in observing higher scores. Here we propose an alternate scoring method for the TAMI that resolves this limitation by weighing items according to their difficulty. We apply this scoring method to existing data and show that this improves the TAMI’s selectivity to measuring ability in movement imagery, rather than related imagery processes. Thus, we have successfully improved the TAMI to be more suited for use with athletic populations. 相似文献
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Arvind Kumar Poornima Tewari Sibasis S. Sahoo Arvind Kumar Srivastava 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):10-17
A total of 172 first degree relatives (FDRs) and 178 controls were included in this study. All the cases and controls were
subjected to various anthropometric measurements, fasting and postprandial glucose estimation, fasting insulin measurement
and fasting lipid profile. Results revealed the prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) (cases 37% Vs controls 11.6%),
Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) (cases 34.3% Vs controls 11.2%) and diabetes (cases 11.05% controls 3.37%) was significantly
higher in first degree relatives. Insulin resistance was measured using various methods, which included fasting plasma insulin
(FPI), Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMAIR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) (Mffm/l). Prevalence of insulin resistance (Insulin Resistance) as observed comparing FPI
and HOMAIR in cases and controls was 43.6% and 11.24% (P=0.005) and 37.8% and 12.47% (P=0.000) respectively. Prevalence of IR (Insulin
Resistance) observed in cases having Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT), Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), Impaired Glucose Tolerance
(IGT) and diabetes mellitus measuring FPI Vs HOMAIR was 37.5% vs 30.2%, 45% vs 40%, 38.98% vs 37.28% and 36.84% vs 31.57% as accordingly. However, ISI (Mffm/l) was not found
to be a promising index for IR due to its poor specificity. Though HOMA is taken as gold standard for measurement of IR globally,
our study observed fasting plasma insulin representing high sensitivity (89.7%) and specificity (93.3%) as compared to HOMA.
Thus FPI had emerged in this work as a simple and reliable test for diagnosing insulin resistance across the population susceptible
to develop diabetes including FDRs. 相似文献
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Santosh Kumar Maurya Kanwal Raj Arvind Kumar Srivastava 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(4):404-409
The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra is a traditional medicine used mainly for the treatment of peptic ulcer, hepatitis C, pulmonary
and skin diseases, although clinical and experimental studies suggest that it has several other useful pharmacological properties
such as antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anticancer activities, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective
and cardioprotective effects. Glycyrrhizinic acid, a major component of licorice, has antiulcer effect by raising the local
concentration of prostaglandins that promote mucous secretion and cell proliferation in the stomach. Glycyrrhizin shows hepatoprotective
effect by preventing changes in cell membrane permeability, inhibiting phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and increasing survival rate of hepatocytes. Glabridin has effect in melanogenesis and inflammation by inhibiting the tyrosinase
activity of melanocytes. α-glycyhrritinic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting glucocorticoid metabolism.
In present study ethanolic (95%) extract of root of Glycyrrhiza glabra and its fractions were investigated for its antidyslipidaemic
activity on HFD induced dyslipidaemic hamsters. Ethanolic extract and its ethyl acetate soluble, water soluble and hexane
soluble fractions decreased serum level of total cholesterol by 25.9, 38.0, 39.0 and 26.3%, respectively. On the other hand
ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate soluble, water soluble and hexane soluble fraction increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level
by 14.8, 34.3, 27.3 and 17.2%, respectively. Ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction, aqueous fraction and hexane fraction
decreased triglyceride level by 31.3, 37.2, 41.2 and 28.9%, respectively. The reduction in LDL-cholesterol level by ethanolic
extract, ethyl acetate soluble fraction and water soluble fraction were 43.9, 31.0, 33.4 and 24.6%, respectively. 相似文献
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Jemin Kim Margaret A. Wilson Kunal Singhal Sarah Gamblin Cha-Young Suh 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(3):215-229
The purpose of this study was to investigate the vertical angular momentum generation strategies used by skilled ballet dancers in pirouette en dehors. Select kinematic parameters of the pirouette preparation (stance depth, vertical center-of-mass motion range, initial shoulder line position, shoulder line angular displacement, and maximum trunk twist angle) along with vertical angular momentum parameters during the turn (maximum momentums of the whole body and body parts, and duration and rate of generation) were obtained from nine skilled collegiate ballet dancers through a three-dimensional motion analysis and compared among three turn conditions (single, double, and triple). A one-way (‘turn’) multivariate analysis of variance of the kinematic parameters and angular momentum parameters of the whole body and a two-way analysis of variance (‘turn’ × ‘body’) of the maximum angular momentums of the body parts were conducted. Significant ‘turn’ effects were observed in the kinematic/angular momentum parameters (both the preparation and the turn) (p < 0.05). As the number of turns increased, skilled dancers generated larger vertical angular momentums by predominantly increasing the rate of momentum generation using rotation of the upper trunk and arms. The trail (closing) arm showed the largest contribution to whole-body angular momentum followed by the lead arm. 相似文献
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This study examined how race and gender of reporters and community diversity influenced use of women and minority sources in local television coverage of the 2002 governor's race in Michigan. Content analysis of campaign stories broadcasted by four local television stations revealed that women reporters were more likely than their male colleagues to use women and nonpartisan sources such as experts and ordinary citizens. But minority journalists were only slightly more likely to use minority sources and were less likely than nonminorities to use nonpartisan sources. 相似文献
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Jayashree Ramadas Shrish Barve Arvind Kumar 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(5):615-629
This concluding part of a study on Galilean relativity focuses on students’ notions with regard to the inertial and non‐inertial character of frames of reference. (See Panse et al. 1994, Ramadas et al. 1996). The results show that students: adopt kinematic criteria for deciding the inertial or non‐inertial character of frames; consider this character to be a ‘relative’ property of two frames rather than an intrinsic property of a given frame; and equate pseudo‐forces to ‘imaginary’ forces. Centrifugal force is associated with rotating objects rather than with rotating frames; the latter are localized by the finite extension of their associated objects. Anthropomorphic criteria are invoked to judge the existence of centrifugal force, which is regarded as a reaction (in the sense of Newton's third law) to the centripetal force on a rotating object. 相似文献
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