Archival science facing the information society     

Bruno Delmas 《Archival Science》2001,1(1):25-37

It is only a few decades ago that archivists befan to redefine their discipline in terms of a science. This redefinition of archives and records management was the consequence of a growing need for an adequate expression referring to a comprehensive new body of knowledge on records and archives. Consensus on how to adequately define archival science has not been achieved yet, however. As information society evolves, records and archives are changing in nature and status. It is an emerging discipline that has to be defined, which is still bears the impress of the mindset and practices of the industrial society. Bruno Delmas shows the archivist some clues to find a way out of this ambiguity and keep communicating human heritage to unknown generations.  相似文献   

Video games vs. reading and school/cognitive performances: a study on 27000 middle school teenagers     

Alain Lieury  Sonia Lorant  Bruno Trosseille  Françoise Champault  Ronan Vourc’h 《教育心理学》2016,36(9):1560-1595

Video games are a very common leisure activity among teenagers and the aim of this study is to analyse their relations with cognitive and school performances. This study is part of a broad survey, conducted on 27,000 French teenagers (14.5?years old) in middle school (9th grade). The survey contained both a questionnaire on leisure activities practised by teenagers and school/cognitive tests: Comprehension tests, Math, School Knowledge, and Reasoning. The activity frequency (‘never’ to ‘every day or almost’) is studied on five kinds of video games (i.e. action/fighting) vs. seven reading activities (i.e. crime/thriller/fantasy). Results show that there are no correlations or very slight ones between Video Games and cognitive/school tests. Reading activities have potentially important associations with cognition and especially school tests. To conclude, video games are primarily recreational activities and the cognitive stimulation they produce is very different from the one involved in specialised academic subjects  相似文献   

Equal educational opportunity and declining teacher morale at black,white, and Hispanic high schools in a large urban school district     

James E. Bruno 《The Urban Review》1983,15(1):19-36

School desegregation plans and program efforts in bilingual education, special education, compensatory education, and others designed to promote equal educational opportunity for minorities are threatened with a teaching staff best described as being “burned out,” highly stressed, of low morale, having high absenteeism, and subject to physical abuse. This study examines the extremely low level of teacher morale at inner-city schools and finds major “ethical” stressors such as racial tension among faculty, falsifying of school records, and sexual harassment by school officials emerging as factors contributing to teacher exit and absenteeism. With the use of multivariate discriminant analysis procedures and a sample of 400 high school teachers at nine high schools (three black, three white, and three Hispanic in terms of predominant ethnicity), a set of stressors were derived which uniquely characterize teachers at predominantly black, white, and Hispanic high schools. An economic framework is also presented for understanding the nature of the teacher morale, exit, and absenteeism phenomena in urban schools.  相似文献   

The Rôle of Tape and Record in Music Teaching     

Prof. Bruno Prowaznik 《Educational Media International》2013,50(3-4):49-50

Owing to the acoustic dimension of music the technical media used in music teaching which serve to store and reproduce sounds, namely tapes and records, are of particular significance. Differences between tape and record in the quality of sound reproduction are few, and are primarily due to the type of tape-recorder and gramophone used. The preparation for sound reproduction must not take too much time and this argument favours the use of the record. But the fact that the musical examples needed for one teaching unit usually have to be collected from a great number of records, which is cumbersome and time-consuming, seems to recommend a combined system as the best solution. The production of efficient teaching aids for music in the form of tapes and records ought to be improved. Commercial firms produce records of musical examples; others produce educational records containing musical examples as well as spoken explanations. There are other records sampling musical quotations for a certain field of study.  相似文献   

“Fácilis descensus Averni” Mind,Brain, Education,and Ethics: Highway to Hell,Stairway to Heaven,or Passing Dead End?*     

Bruno della Chiesa 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2010,4(2):45-48

Are human beings born unequal when it comes to ethics? Or are ethical standards acquired? Or both nature and nurture? Neuroscience is on its way to discovering biological underpinnings of ethics in our brains. Whatever the upcoming findings on this front will be, our philosophical, political, and educational views, and even the way we look at ourselves as a species, could soon be radically challenged, if not altered. AENEIS, the special section of this journal dedicated to Educational Neuroscience and Ethics, seeks to shed light on the crucial and sometimes frightening questions and answers we are to be confronted with. Starting with Charles Lang (“Science, Education, and the Ideology of ‘How”’) and Zachary Stein (“On the Difference Between Designing Children and Raising Them: Ethics and the Use of Educationally Oriented Biotechnology”), we are embarking on a fascinating but dangerous learning journey. To navigate between Scylla and Charybdis, extreme caution is highly recommended.  相似文献   

School mapping restructure in rural China: achievements, problems and implications     

Dan Zhao  Bruno Parolin 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2012,13(4):713-726

This study considers the experience of school mapping restructure (SMR) in areas of rural China. It aims to understand what happened after SMR implementation. Through a combination of instruments such as questionnaires, interviews and document analysis, the study finds that SMR has impacted positively on the development of education in terms of generating scaling benefits, improved school conditions and educational quality, and more equitable distribution of educational resources. However, there remain several associated problems including longer schooling commute, household financial restrictions and student pressures, and increased teacher work-loads. The study recommends that more structured plans should be developed. Increased stakeholder participation should be enabled, and by providing increased teaching resources to rural schools, implementation should be improved.  相似文献   

The Organisation of Marathons in Divided Cities: Brussels,Belfast, Beirut and Jerusalem     

Bruno Coppieters 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(11):1553-1576

The organisers of city marathons want to involve a large number of participants and to mobilise the support of local neighbourhoods. This is a particularly difficult challenge in a divided city, especially when the route crosses dividing lines in disputed territories – in which case, organising a marathon carries the risk of generating fresh conflict. But it is possible to avoid such an outcome. Brussels, where the dispute about the city boundaries has always been a peaceful one, has a city marathon that crosses these boundaries, and Belfast, a city with a long history of intercommunal violence, has successfully organised a marathon every year since 1982. Despite the segregation of Beirut's neighbourhoods, the participants in its marathon have run through the whole city since 2003. In Jerusalem, by contrast, a political row over the route of the first marathon in 2011 broke out in the municipal council long before the starter pistol was fired. To examine the reasons for these different outcomes, this article looks at the different types of territorial division in these cities, the types of relationship developed between the marathon organisers and the authorities, and the values the organisers have chosen to promote.  相似文献   

Ammonia and its sources     

Bruno Terne 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1898,146(2):127-137

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Jean Vigo’s Zéro de conduite and the spaces of revolt     

Bruno Vanobbergen  Ian Grosvenor  Frank Simon 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2014,50(4):443-459

In this article we will contribute to the contemporary theoretical debate about film by considering, from a history-of-education perspective, the film Zéro de conduite by Jean Vigo (1905–1934). This film is classified under the umbrella of “poetic realism”: a product of cinéma de gauche and an avant-gardist, surrealist and anarchist-catalogued film by a film-maker described by many as very talented and creative. The paper is divided into five parts. In the first part we sketch Vigo’s own biography and the social biography of the film. The second section documents the response to the film both at the time of its release and subsequently. In the third section we explore anarchist ideas about education both in theory and practice. In the fourth section we use this understanding to analyse the film. The final section returns to the question of film as an underused resource and the possibilities of bringing new elements into historical practice.  相似文献   

Rational Sympathy     

Bruno Lasker Author 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(6):338-344

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