文化的核心     

ROBERT T. TUOHEY  刘鹏  朱一童 《海外英语》2007,(7):99-101

在中国,英语专业的学生通常要学很多门"外国文化"课,学得最多的是英国和美国文化概况.如今,不管是谁,只要对此加以关注,就不应该仅仅认识到文化课所传递信息的重要,更应该能明确列举出开设这些课所要达到的目标.  相似文献   

Adolescent childbearing. Whose problem? What can we do?     

Scott-jones D 《联谊会》1993,75(3):K1-12

There are a number of options that help adolescents make appropriate choices about sexual activity, pregnancy, and childbearing. Comprehensive sex education programs are a deterrent to unwanted pregnancy and early sexual activity. Educational attitudes must be changed to reflect a recognition that sexual behavior is not deviant, but a normal part of human development during the transition to adulthood. Programs to prevent unplanned pregnancies must focus on educational expectations, educational achievement, and career preparation. Provision of child care options will help adolescents stay in school. Program focus must be applicable to two groups: older and younger adolescents. Solutions offered by Claire Brindis, based on program evaluations, suggest broad guidelines and local community-specific prevention plans. The responsible expression of sexuality needs greater emphasis than has occurred in many programs, particularly those where sex education is controversial or is confined to a small amount of time. Schools have been the most responsible vehicle for provision of sex education. In addition to sexuality education and pregnancy prevention programs, programs which instill a desire for greater formal education have resulted in delayed sexual activity and childbearing. Schools can play an important role in socializing adolescents for the appropriate transition to adulthood. Schools have become less and less meaningful to adolescents. German apprenticeship programs have been successful in orienting students to jobs in real settings. The Public Service Academy in Washington, D.C., has provided similar opportunities for part-time work or internships in government. Abortion among adolescents is still a politically charged issue in the US. Many have recommended the Maryland example of designating the physician or mental health provider, instead of a judge, as the individual responsible for determining the maturity and best interests of the child in choosing abortion. Pliner and Yates have recommended parental notification laws only for adolescents aged under 15 years. Adoption, as a solution to an unwanted birth, has remained stable at about 1% among Black adolescents and has declined from 19% to 3% among White adolescents over the past 20 years. More research is needed on how to best handle the sense of abandonment and loss or feelings of irresponsibility due to the decision to put an unwanted baby up for adoption.  相似文献   

基于良构和劣构问题求解的教学设计模式(下)   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

David H.Jonassen  钟志贤  谢榕琴 《电化教育研究》2003,(11)

虽然大多数教育家认为问题求解能力是最重要的学习结果 ,但在教学设计研究中却很少涉及问题求解的教学设计问题。本文的探究力图弥补这一不足。我们认为 ,问题可以分为良构问题 (well- structured prob-lem)和劣构问题 (ill- structured problem)两大类型。良构问题是指限定性条件的问题 ,它具有明确的已知条件 ,并在已知条件范围内运用若干规则和原理来获得同一性的解决方法 ;劣构问题的特点是具有多种解决方法、解决途径和少量确定性的条件 ,这些条件不仅不易操作 ,而且包括某些不确定性因素 ,如哪些概念、规则和原理对求解方法是必要的 ,如何将它们组织起来 ,哪种解决方法最为合适等等。对于这两大类型问题 ,本文分别讨论了学习者问题求解的模式和相应的教学设计模式 ,以支持学习者问题求解技能的发展。良构问题的求解模式是以信息加工学习理论为基础的 ,而劣构问题的求解模式则是基于一种新兴的劣构问题求解理论、建构主义和情境认知学习理论。  相似文献   

改进学校课程和提高教学质量     

Е.А.克拉斯诺乌斯基  А.А.库兹涅佐夫  V.V.乌萨诺夫  武永兴 《课程.教材.教法》1985,(6)

学校必须传授给学生们以符合现代科学进展、符合辩证唯物主义世界观和共产主义道德等客观实际的深刻而长期有用的知识,并且必须进行劳动教育,培养劳动习惯和爱劳动的情感。实现这一目的的途径之一就是改进普通中学的课程和教科书。在已公布的课程标准(即教学大纲)的章、节、课题的说明中预先指出了学生务必学到的要点,同时按照学校集体能力的实际情况,确定补充的或次要的内容。这一关于课程的改进是为了减轻学生的过重负担,同时也指明了所有学生可以掌握的并且必定能达到较高水平的一定量的基本教材的内容。  相似文献   

On the Nature and Role of English in Asia     

Z.N. Patil 《通化师范学院学报》2007,(10):40-44

The present paper is divided into eight sections:introduction,the global diffusion of English,perceptions of the new varieties,the issue of intelligibility,features that cause unintelligibility,need for a broader pragmatics,and pedagogical impli- cations,and conclusion,followed by the references.Not surprisingly,the global spread of English has generated varying perspec- tives on the nature and functions of its acculturated varieties.Broadly speaking,the debate has divided scholars into two camps holding diametrically opposing views on the multiple versions of English.On the one hand,some scholars view variations as symp- toms of linguistic degeneration and deterioration;on the other hand,some scholars legitimize them as inevitable manifestations ne- cessitated by the demands of the new cultural contexts.The normative view of the former camp stems,at least partly,from the problems the new forms of English pose in terms of international intelligibility.It is in this context that the paper examines the traditional,one-sided,native speaker-centred idea of intelligibility and the recent two-sided view of intelligibility that places the onus on both the native speaker and the non-native speaker.The argument of the latter camp is based on the premise that the new varieties require a broader pragmatic framework,because universal pragmatics is inadequate to describe them satisfactorily. Thus,the camp advocates a need for a language specific pragmatics,and a comparative pragmatics,in addition to the traditional universal pragmatics.Logically,the debate on phonological,lexical,grammatical,and discourse structure variations,and their le- gitimacy has prompted English language teaching specialists to have a fresh look at the goals and objectives of teaching English in the countries of the outer and expanding circles,and accordingly prioritize the teaching of national and regional varieties over that of the so-called native varieties.Thus,the paradigms of independence and centrality of the new varieties are replacing the paradigms of their dependence and marginality.  相似文献   

Depressed skull fractures: a pattern of abusive head injury in three older children     

Lee AC  Ou Y  Fong D 《Child abuse & neglect》2003,27(11):1323-1329

OBJECTIVE: To describe a pattern of abusive head injury in a series of children older than 4 years of age. METHODS: A hospital chart review of abused children with skull fractures from 1999 to 2001 was carried out. The clinical features, social background, and subsequent outcome and management are described. RESULTS: An 11-year-old girl and a pair of brothers of ages 7 and 9 were identified. The girl was attacked with a hammer during sleep by her stepmother, who committed suicide shortly afterwards. After craniotomy and intensive care, the child survived her multiple depressed fractures, intracranial bleeding, and brain contusion. Two brothers from a second family were attacked from behind with a hammer by their biological father, who was subsequently found to have undiagnosed schizophrenia. A depressed occipital fracture, without intracranial injury, was found in each child. The elder brother also had metacarpal fractures. Both children recovered without surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: A pattern of abusive head injury was described in older children with depressed skull fractures from blunt injury. The abusing parents were seriously mentally disturbed, and the abusive acts closely resembled child homicide.  相似文献   

飞驰在虚拟与现实之间     

JOEBROWN JOHNB.CARNETT 《科技新时代》2005,(5):54-63

每种赛车类游戏的开头都会有这样一句话：“注意，在现实生活中千万不要这要驾驶。”然而，我们却偏要那么做。  相似文献   

用DREF-Ⅲ摩擦纺多组分纬纱织造的织物风格特征     

S.M.Ishtiaque 《技术创新》2004,(11):24-27

织物风格特征是由织物组织结构和纱的特性决定的，新型纱线结构的不断出现和发展对织物性能和质量提出了更高的要求。研究表明：通过改变纺纱工艺可以获得不同的纱线结构，从而改变织物的风格特征。DREF-Ⅲ型摩擦纺包芯纱具有典型的皮芯结构，可以是双组分也可以是多组分，而且组分的不同会对织物性能产生不同的影响，纱的性能也会由于芯皮之间压力、摩擦力大小的不同而改变。以前的研究主要集中在包芯纱的拉伸性能上，而对空心纱几乎没有什么新的研究和讨论。  相似文献   

A women's scientific society in the west. The late eighteenth-century assimilation of science     

Jacob MC  Sturkenboom D 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2003,94(2):217-252

The Natuurkundig Genootschap der Dames (Women's Society for Natural Knowledge), formally established by and for women, met regularly from 1785 to 1881 and sporadically until 1887. It challenges our stereotypes both of women and the physical sciences during the eighteenth century and of the intellectual interests open to women in the early European republics. This essay aims not simply to identify the society and its members but to describe their pursuits and consider what their story adds to the history of Western science. What does this society's existence tell us about the relationship between women and early science in general and about science and society in the Dutch setting in particular? Science and gender look rather different when observed through the activities of the immensely prosperous women of Middelburg, citizens of one of the most highly literate Western countries. The elite lives of the first-generation members of the women's society also offer us a glimpse into the early domestication of science, a process vital to its acceptance and assimilation.  相似文献   

风力坝     

Б.卡仁斯基  А.卡尔米兴  李雪珍 《科学大众》1955,(11)

我们居住在包围着整个地球的无边无际的第五大洋之底。其他四个大洋用蓝色描绘在地图上。我们不很知道它们的最深处是什么情况,但是我们有根据认为:那里是永远黑暗而静寂的地方。只有那几世纪中不改变自己的方向和强度的固定的微弱海流,会在某些地方破坏这个静寂。第五大洋之底——大气的底部,却不是这样。在它上面,经常有气流一起在打旋,互相飞越,彼此冲突。它们的强度和方向都是变幻无常的。其中有较固定的、每半年才改变一次  相似文献