Cooperative activities in young children and chimpanzees     

Warneken F  Chen F  Tomasello M 《Child development》2006,77(3):640-663

Human children 18-24 months of age and 3 young chimpanzees interacted in 4 cooperative activities with a human adult partner. The human children successfully participated in cooperative problem-solving activities and social games, whereas the chimpanzees were uninterested in the social games. As an experimental manipulation, in each task the adult partner stopped participating at a specific point during the activity. All children produced at least one communicative attempt to reengage him, perhaps suggesting that they were trying to reinstate a shared goal. No chimpanzee ever made any communicative attempt to reengage the partner. These results are interpreted as evidence for a uniquely human form of cooperative activity involving shared intentionality that emerges in the second year of life.  相似文献   

Deaf and hard of hearing children and adolescents in China: their fears and anxieties     

Li H  Prevatt F 《American annals of the deaf》2010,155(4):458-466

The study examined the fears and anxieties of Chinese deaf and hard of hearing children and adolescents, and the ability of parents and teachers to report the presence of these fears and anxieties. Chinese deaf youth are at risk due to a lack of trained teachers, an overemphasis on oral education in schools, negative stereotypes, and parental overprotectiveness. The deaf children and adolescents in the study reported significantly higher levels of total fears, total anxieties, fear of the unknown, fear of injury and small animals, fear of medical procedures, and concentration anxiety than their hearing counterparts. Girls reported more total fears, fear of the unknown, fear of minor injury and small animals, and fear of failure and criticism than boys. Parents showed a better ability than teachers to confirm these reports of fears and anxieties. Implications and directions for future studies are presented.  相似文献   

The influence of carbohydrate and protein ingestion during recovery from prolonged exercise on subsequent endurance performance     

Betts J  Williams C  Duffy K  Gunner F 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(13):1449-1460

Ingesting carbohydrate plus protein following prolonged exercise may restore exercise capacity more effectively than ingestion of carbohydrate alone. The objective of the present study was to determine whether this potential benefit is a consequence of the protein fraction per se or simply due to the additional energy it provides. Six active males participated in three trials, each involving a 90-min treadmill run at 70% maximal oxygen uptake (run 1) followed by a 4-h recovery. At 30-min intervals during recovery, participants ingested solutions containing: (1) 0.8 g carbohydrate x kg body mass (BM)(-1) h(-1) plus 0.3 g kg(-1) h(-1) of whey protein isolate (CHO-PRO); (2) 0.8 g carbohydrate x kg BM(-1) h(-1) (CHO); or (3) 1.1 g carbohydrate x kg BM(-1) h(-1) (CHO-CHO). The latter two solutions matched the CHO-PRO solution for carbohydrate and for energy, respectively. Following recovery, participants ran to exhaustion at 70% maximal oxygen uptake (run 2). Exercise capacity during run 2 was greater following ingestion of CHO-PRO and CHO-CHO than following ingestion of CHO (P< or = 0.05) with no significant difference between the CHO-PRO and CHO-CHO treatments. In conclusion, increasing the energy content of these recovery solutions extended run time to exhaustion, irrespective of whether the additional energy originated from sucrose or whey protein isolate.  相似文献   

Captured on film: a critical examination of representations of physical education at the movies     

Jennifer L. Walton-Fisette  Theresa A. Walton-Fisette  Laura Frances Chase 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2017,22(5):536-547

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Pricing and other means of charging for scholarly journals: a literature review and commentary     

Donald W. KING  Frances M. ALVARADO‐ALBERTORIO 《Learned Publishing》2008,21(4):248-272

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Syllabuses in Secondary Schools     

A.W. Whitelaw M.A.  Frances M. Overy 《British Journal of Religious Education》1934,1(1):37-45

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CD-ROM encyclopedias: A product in evolution     

Frances F. Jacobson 《TechTrends》1991,36(6):47-49

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Thomson Scientific's expanding Web of Knowledge: beyond citation databases and current awareness services     

London S  Brahmi FA 《Medical reference services quarterly》2005,24(4):59-66

As end-user demand for easy access to electronic full text continues to climb, an increasing number of information providers are combining that access with their other products and services, making navigating their Web sites by librarians seeking information on a given product or service more daunting than ever. One such provider of a complex array of products and services is Thomson Scientific. This paper looks at some of the many products and tools available from two of Thomson Scientific's businesses, Thomson ISI and Thomson ResearchSoft. Among the items of most interest to health sciences and veterinary librarians and their users are the variety of databases available via the ISI Web of Knowledge platform and the information management products available from ResearchSoft.  相似文献   

Angel: post-implementation evaluation at the Indiana University School of Medicine     

Hatfield AJ  Brahmi FA 《Medical reference services quarterly》2004,23(3):1-15

With continued adoption of course management systems, librarians are assuming new roles and challenges with regard to providing information resources and library services in a digital environment. For approximately five years, the Indiana University School of Medicine has employed Angel as its online teaching environment, and the Ruth Lilly Medical Library has been actively involved in the adoption of Angel. As the implementation phase was completed, a post-implementation evaluation was due. The authors conducted an evaluation of the Angel system to evaluate utilization level, content types, and library resources/services integration. This article provides the findings of the post-implementation Angel Courses Evaluation.  相似文献   

The Methodology of the 'Views and Visions Project' of Land Use-UK: Practices,issues, decisions and experiences     

Margaret Robertson  Rex Walford  Colin Barr  Mike Morrish  Frances Francis 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2000,30(3):421-438

The Land Use-UK Project was conducted with the support of teachers and students in schools throughout the UK. At the time they acted as surveyors of the landscape and, as well as mapping the land use, students recorded their perceptions of what they had seen together with their views for the future. Referred to now as the 'Views and Visions Project', these collective opinions from mostly whole class groups of students provide a database of 1287 responses. Along with the richness of discovery and meaning which the readings of these narratives of landscape experience provide, there have been many decisions to be made regarding the appropriate style and strategies needed for development of the data and interpretation and analysis of the research. This paper provides a reflection on the methodological decisions taken from the personal perspective of the authors as well as some critical comment on the limitations and possibilities of this essentially qualitative research approach.  相似文献