Simplifying Algebraic Expressions: Teacher Awareness and Teaching Approaches     

Dina Tirosh  Ruhama Even  Naomi Robinson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1998,35(1):51-64

This study investigates four seventh-grade teachers' awareness of students' tendency to conjoin or 'finish' open expressions. It also investigates teachers' ways of coping with this tendency. Three types of data were collected: 1) lesson plans, 2) lesson observations, and 3) post-lesson interviews. The analysis showed that the two experienced teachers were aware of this tendency and some of its possible sources, while the novices were unaware of either. Teaching approaches related to this tendency also differed considerably. In conclusion we analyze these teaching methods in light of the existing literature and discuss possible short- and long-term implications of the use of each approach.  相似文献   

The relationship between syntactic awareness and reading performance     

Anne Layton  Julie Robinson  Michael Lawson 《Journal of Research in Reading》1998,21(1):5-23

This study was designed to examine the relationship between syntactic awareness and reading performance. A major concern was to provide an estimate of the effect of syntactic training that was not confounded with training that focused on semantic features of words. The training exercises used in the study focused on all levels of syntactic awareness in order that the effect of such training could be assessed on students’ performance on tasks that tapped each of the levels. Results of this study showed that syntactic awareness could be improved through training. The effect was stable, being apparent at the two post-test times. However, no evidence was found for a systematic effect of improved syntactic awareness on reading ability. Moreover, syntactic training did not show any greater effect than no treatment or semantic training on children’s grammatic comprehension, their ability to use fix-up strategies, or on their general reading ability score. Training had a different impact on the accuracy of oral reading for the syntactic and semantic training groups. Thus, in terms of the developmental sequence of syntactic awareness proposed by Gombert (1992), children trained in the cloze procedure improved at the two highest levels, whilst showing neither a corresponding change in the lower levels of awareness, nor improved functional reading performance.  相似文献   

Outcomes of an Education and Exercise Program for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes,and Comorbidities that Limit their Mobility: A Preliminary Project Report     

Gina Pariser  Mary Ann DeMeuro  Patricia Gillette  Winters Stephen 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2010,21(2):5-12

Purpose: Some adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have comorbidities and mobility impairments that limit their exercise capacity. In consideration of this, we developed and piloted a program called Active Steps for Diabetes for people with T2DM, comorbidities, and mobility impairments. The purpose of this paper was to report outcomes for the pilot program. Methods: Active Steps for Diabetes, an 8-week program, included instruction on diabetes self-care andgroup and home exercise programs. Twenty-two females (62.7 ± 6.1yrs) with T2DM and self-reported mobility impairments completed the program. Six participants used a walking aid. Outcome measures included two risk factors for coronary artery disease [daily physical activity and body mass index (BMI)], cardiovascular fitness (6-minute walk distance), and knowledge of diabetes-specific exercise guidelines. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare outcomes before and after the program and between participants who did and did not use a walking aid. Results: Active Steps for Diabetes was effective in increasing daily physical activity in both groups of subjects (walking aid group: 2.6 days/week [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.1 to 3.3]; no walking aid group: 1.9 days/week [95% CI=1.2 to 2.5]). This was accompanied by increases in 6-minute walk distances (walking aid group: 54.0 m [95% CI = 36.4 to 71.6]; no walking aid group: 62.6 m [95% CI=55.7 to 69.4]). Changes in BMI were not significant (walking aid group: −0.4 [95% CI = −1.2 to 0.4]; no walking aid group: −.24[95% CI = −.91 to .44]). Increases in knowledge of diabetes-specific exercise guidelines were observed in both groups (walking aid group: 18.8% [95% CI = 11.3 to 26.4]; no walking aid group: 19.3% [95% CI = 16.1 to 22.5]). Discussion:: Physical inactivity and low cardiovascular fitness are predictors of CAD morbidity and mortality in adults with T2DM. This pilot program suggests that a model for diabetes education, incorporating exercise programs developed by a physical therapist, may increase physical activity, improve endurance, and thereby potentially reduce CAD risk in people with T2DM and mobility impairments from comorbidities.Key Words: type 2 diabetes, physical activity  相似文献   

Editor’s Note: Remembering Jere Brophy     

Daniel Robinson 《Educational Psychology Review》2009,21(4):291-301

  相似文献   

Preservice and inservice teachers’ perceptions of appropriateness of teacher self-disclosure     

Shaoan Zhang  Qingmin Shi  Stephen Tonelson  Jack Robinson   《Teaching and Teacher Education》2009,25(8):1117-1124

This study investigated preservice and inservice teachers' perceptions of appropriateness of teacher self-disclosure. A sample of 180 preservice teachers and 135 preK-12 teachers participated in the study. Results showed statistically significant differences between the groups of teachers in their perceptions of appropriateness of teacher self-disclosure in the three dimensions: Uncommon Topics, Uncommon Purposes, and Consideration of Students. No significant differences were found in the two dimensions: Common Topics and Common Purposes. This study makes an excellent contribution to the theoretical framework of the study of teacher self-disclosure and also provides implications for teaching and teacher education.  相似文献   

Children's Trust in Previously Inaccurate Informants Who Were Well or Poorly Informed: When Past Errors Can Be Excused     

Erika Nurmsoo  and Elizabeth J. Robinson 《Child development》2009,80(1):23-27

Past research demonstrates that children learn from a previously accurate speaker rather than from a previously inaccurate one. This study shows that children do not necessarily treat a previously inaccurate speaker as unreliable. Rather, they appropriately excuse past inaccuracy arising from the speaker's limited information access. Children ( N = 67) aged 3, 4, and 5 years aimed to identify a hidden toy in collaboration with a puppet as informant. When the puppet had previously been inaccurate despite having full information, children tended to ignore what they were told and guess for themselves: They treated the puppet as unreliable in the longer term. However, children more frequently believed a currently well-informed puppet whose past inaccuracies arose legitimately from inadequate information access.  相似文献   

Editor’s Note     

Daniel H. Robinson 《Educational Psychology Review》2010,22(3):187-187

  相似文献   

规模、范围和创新：远程教育和电子化教学的若干挑战和机遇     

伯纳特·罗宾逊  夏倩 《现代远距离教育》2010,(1):25-30

规模经济效应已成为“传统”远程教育（福特模式）的众多优势之一,也让单一模式的大学能以较低的价格提供优质的服务。而远程教育的范围经济效应虽然还没有获得足够的重视,但随着电子化教学的出现,越来越多各种形式的远程教育机构开始提供定制化的学习方式,范围经济效应也变得更为重要了。远程教育的规模经济效应和范围经济效应在帮助远程教育机构获利的同时,也对这些机构提出了更多要求。大型远程教育大学和小型网上课程提供者都有各自的难处,前者很难实现范围经济效应,而后者则发现规模经济效应难以企及。将两种效应最大化是难点之一,如果可能,还要了解其中的变化。本文将探讨规模和范围经济效应与远程教育和电子化教学的关系,并提出一个问题,即如何实现这两种效应。若要在规模经济效应和范围经济效应之间求得一个平衡,则很有可能需要进行组织机构的改变,特别是如果需要进行类似电子化教学这样的创新活动。因此,本文也将涉及教育机构如何应对创新相关的问题。本文提出的一系列问题目前尚无解答,我们等待有充分理论和研究依据的答案．  相似文献   

Next generation crosscutting themes: Factors that contribute to students' understandings of size and scale          下载免费PDF全文

Katherine Chesnutt  Melissa Gail Jones  Rebecca Hite  Emily Cayton  Megan Ennes  Elysa N. Corin  Gina Childers 《科学教学研究杂志》2018,55(6):876-900

This study examined the degree to which individual differences in students' (N = 232) concepts of size and scale are explained by factors such as students' innate sense of number, out‐of‐school science experiences, exposure to size and scale instruction, gender identities, and racial/ethnic identities. There is increasing emphasis being placed on the use of crosscutting concepts to promote deep learning in science. A multiple linear regression indicated students' racial/ethnic identities, experiences with scale outside of school, and exposure to size and scale instruction significantly added to the prediction model. Results from this study can both inform the movement toward incorporating crosscutting concepts into pedagogy as well as inform educators, administrators, and other stakeholders of the factors that may shape students' understanding of the cross‐cutting concept of scale, proportion, and quantity.  相似文献   

Teachers communicating about life-limiting conditions,death and bereavement     

Sally Robinson  Alison Ekins  Ian Durrant  Kathryn Summers 《Pastoral Care in Education》2018,36(1):57-69

The number of children with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions in England is double what it was at the millennium. These conditions include cystic fibrosis, cancer, organ failure and severe neurological injuries. The Teaching for Life project aimed to explore the needs of teachers working in English schools in relation to working with children with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions. Ninety teachers completed a questionnaire and 38 completed individual and group interviews. About half the teachers interviewed had experience of working with children with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions, and half did not. The teachers expressed a number of anxieties about coping with illness, death and bereavement. They described difficulties in communicating with parents, children and health professionals. They worried about maintaining their professional role whilst needing to contain their own emotions and the emotions of others, within school cultures that did not feel supportive. The paper concludes that policies and practices that seek to support children with medical conditions need to acknowledge the weight of responsibility for teachers. They need to articulate with a whole school approach that protects and promotes teachers’ emotional well-being.  相似文献