Objectively measured sedentary time and academic achievement in schoolchildren     

Luís Lopes  Rute Santos  Jorge Mota  Beatriz Pereira  Vítor Lopes 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(5):463-469

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between objectively measured total sedentary time and academic achievement (AA) in Portuguese children. The sample comprised of 213 children (51.6% girls) aged 9.46 ± 0.43 years, from the north of Portugal. Sedentary time was measured with accelerometry, and AA was assessed using the Portuguese Language and Mathematics National Exams results. Multilevel linear regression models were fitted to assess regression coefficients predicting AA. The results showed that objectively measured total sedentary time was not associated with AA, after adjusting for potential confounders.  相似文献   

An agenda of problems,policies and debates on higher education in Latin America     

Jorge Balán  Augusto M. Trombetta 《Prospects》1996,26(2):387-412

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Using formative assessment to promote argumentation in a university bilingual science course     

Pablo Antonio Archila  Jorge Molina  Anne-Marie Truscott de Mejía 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(13):1669-1695

Formative assessment, bilingualism, and argumentation when combined can enrich bilingual scientific literacy. However, argumentation receives little attention in the practice of bilingual science education. This article describes the effect of a formative assessment-based pedagogical strategy in promoting university students’ argumentation. It examines the written and oral arguments produced by 54 undergraduates (28 females and 26 males, 16–21 years old) in Colombia during a university bilingual (Spanish-English) science course. The data used in this analysis was derived from students’ written responses, and audio and video recordings. The first goal of this study was to determine how this teaching strategy could help students increase the use of English as a means of communication in argumentation in science. The second goal was to establish the potential of the strategy to engage students in argumentative classroom interactions as an essential part of formative assessment. The findings show that the strategy provided participants with opportunities to write their argumentation in Spanish, in English and in a hybrid version using code-switching. Educational implications for higher education are discussed.  相似文献   

Observer based sliding mode controller for vehicles with roll dynamics     

Juan J. Ley-Rosas  Luis E. González-Jiménez  Alexander G. Loukianov  Jorge E. Ruiz-Duarte 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2019,356(5):2559-2581

In this work, considering the roll dynamics and actuator dynamics, an observer-based control scheme for a vehicle is proposed. The proposal considers a nonlinear higher order sliding mode observer to estimate unmeasurable lateral velocity, roll angle and roll velocity. Using the observer information, a controller based on block control with sliding mode technique is designed for the reference trajectory tracking of the lateral and yaw velocities of the vehicle. The stability of the complete closed-loop system including zero dynamics is analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through CarSim simulations.  相似文献   

Reflection-on-action learning through traditional games. The case of la pelota sentada (sitting ball) / Aprendizaje basado en la reflexión sobre la acción a través de los juegos tradicionales. El caso de la pelota sentada     

Pere Lavega  Queralt Prat  Unai Sáez de Ocáriz  Jorge Serna  Verónica Muñoz-Arroyave 《Cultura y Educación》2018,30(1):142-176

Traditional paradoxical games enable democratic social encounters as well as reflective skills to be fostered among students. The rules of these games, of which the game pelota sentada (sitting ball) is an example, afford players autonomy to decide either to cooperate with other participants (to release or keep others free) or to oppose them (to capture free players). The aim of this study was to investigate the reflection-on-action about decisions (strategies), relationships and emotions of the participants in the game sitting ball when in the role of free player in possession of the ball. Undergraduate degree students (n = 106) in physical activity and sport sciences took part. After the game, the players answered reflection-on-action open-ended and close-ended questions about their strategies, relationships and emotions. Four experts followed a validated directed and summative approach to the content analysis of 742 comments, using ATLAS.ti software. The findings highlight that decisions, relationships and emotions are distinct yet intertwined dimensions of the same phenomenon: motor conduct in the game pelota sentada (sitting ball).  相似文献   

The transfer of strength and power into the stroke biomechanics of young swimmers over a 34-week period     

Jorge E. Morais  António J. Silva  Nuno D. Garrido  Daniel A. Marinho  Tiago M. Barbosa 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(6):787-795

The purpose of this study was to learn the interplay between dry-land strength and conditioning, and stroke biomechanics in young swimmers, during a 34-week training programme. Twenty-seven swimmers (overall: 13.33?±?0.85 years old; 11 boys: 13.5?±?0.75 years old; 16 girls: 13.2?±?0.92 years old) competing at regional- and national-level competitions were evaluated. The swimmers were submitted to a specific in-water and dry-land strength training over 34 weeks (and evaluated at three time points: pre-, mid-, and post-test; M1, M2, and M3, respectively). The 100-m freestyle performance was chosen as the main outcome (i.e. dependent variable). The arm span (AS; anthropometrics), throwing velocity (TV; strength), stroke length (SL), and stroke frequency (SF; kinematics) were selected as independent variables. There was a performance enhancement over time (M1 vs. M3: 68.72?±?5.57?s, 66.23?±?5.23?s; Δ?=??3.77%; 95% CI: ?3.98;?3.56) and an overall improvement of the remaining variables. At M1 and M2, all links between variables presented significant effects (p?p?≤?.05). Between M1 and M3, the direct effect of the TV to the stroke biomechanics parameters (SL and SF) increased. The model predicted 89%, 88%, and 92% of the performance at M1, M2, and M3, respectively, with a reasonable adjustment (i.e. goodness-of-fit M1: χ²/df?=?3.82; M2: χ²/df?=?3.08; M3: χ²/df?=?4.94). These findings show that strength and conditioning parameters have a direct effect on the stroke biomechanics, and the latter one on the swimming performance.  相似文献   

Physical activity and school recess time: differences between the sexes and the relationship between children's playground physical activity and habitual physical activity   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Mota J  Silva P  Santos MP  Ribeiro JC  Oliveira J  Duarte JA 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(3):269-275

The aims of this study were: (1) to observe participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during school recess periods; (2) to determine the relative importance of physical activity during recesses to overall daily physical activity; and (3) to examine differences in physical activity between the sexes during unstructured recess periods. The participants were 22 school children (10 boys, 12 girls) aged 8 - 10 years (mean = 8.9, s = 0.7) in the third and fourth grades. Daily totals for the physical activity variables were calculated by summing the values for each hour of 14 h of physical activity measurements (08:00 to 22:00 h). Recess times (minutes) were as follows: morning 10:30 to 11:00 h and afternoon 15:30 to 16:00 h. We did not differences between boys and girls in daily total accelerometer counts or the overall time spent in MVPA. However, girls were significantly (P < 0.05) more involved (38%) in MVPA during recess time than boys (31%). Participation in MVPA during recess contributes significantly more (P < 0.05) for girls (19%) than boys (15%) to the total amount of physical activity suggested by international health-related physical activity guidelines, while the percentage of time engaged in MVPA during recess time at school accounts for a small amount of the daily MVPA (6% for boys and 8% for girls). The results of this study suggest that school recess time is an important setting to promote MVPA and contributes to daily physical activity in young children, especially in girls.  相似文献   

Free operant measurement of taste preferences in prosimian primates     

James L. Fobes  Annette Ehrlich  John A. Mukavetz  Jorge Rodriguez-Sierra 《Learning & behavior》1973,1(2):99-101

The sucrose preferences of two prosimian primate species, slow loris and greater galago, were determined under aperiodic reinforcement of a free operant. Stimuli were solutions of the following concentrations: 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. Solutions of intermediate concentration were preferred, and thus the function relating barpresses to concentrations was nonmonotonic.  相似文献   

Le point de vue du démographe     

Jorge Arias De Blois 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1993,39(1-2):24-29

Résumé Le point de vue de démographe remarque qu'il y a eu une confusion terminologique. L'EmP doit aborder les questions sociales, religieuses et politiques. Les premiers programmes de planification familiale ont donc été élargis pour inclure la migration, l'espérance de vie et la santé publique, mais d'importantes sections de la population restent mal instruites en matières de démographie. Chaque système d'éducation doit décider comment faire pour mieux intégrer ces questions dans ses curricula.

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The demographer's point of view remarks that there has been a confusion of terms. Population education has to address social, religious and political issues. Early programmes of family planning have therefore been widened to include migration, life expectancy and public health, but large sections of the population remain ill-informed on demographic questions. Each educational system has to decide how best to integrate them into its curricula.

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Zusammenfassung Im Standpunkt des Demographen wird auf eine Verwechslung der Bedeutung der Begriffe hingewiesen. Bevölkerungslehre muß soziale, religiöse und politische Themen beinhalten. Die frühen Programme zur Familienplanung wurden daher erweitert und umfassen nunmehr Migration, die Lebenserwartung und die öffentliche Gesundheit, aber breite Bevölkerungsschichten bleiben über demographische Fragen schlecht informiert. Für jedes Bildungssystem muß separat entschieden werden, wie diese Fragen in das Curriculum integriert werden können.

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“Read My Story!” Using the Early Authors Program to Promote Early Literacy Among Diverse,Urban Preschool Children in Poverty     

Dr. Judith K. Bernhard  Adam Winsler  Charles Bleiker  Jorge Ginieniewicz  Amy L. Madigan 《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(1):76-105

This article evaluates the utility of the Early Authors Program, a 12-month early literacy intervention emphasizing highly meaningful language interactions that was implemented in childcare facilities in an ethnically and linguistically diverse, urban, low-income community. Children learn to be writers and readers by creating their own self-authored, storybook texts, supported by the sensitive guidance of adults. Children (n = 280) in 32 experimental group centers and children (n = 87) in 9 similar control group centers were individually assessed at pretest and posttest on measures of language and cognition. Teachers completed pretest and posttest surveys and interviews, and interventionists were also interviewed. 3- to 5-year-old children receiving the intervention, as predicted, made significantly greater gains than the control group specifically on the child language measures but not on other measures. The quality of the classroom literacy environment and teachers' literacy-promoting practices improved considerably in centers receiving the intervention. Teachers reported high satisfaction and sustainability for the program.  相似文献