从课程学理论基础论台湾地区课程纲要的发展趋向     

蔡清田 《全球教育展望》2011,(3):34-38,58

本研究透过课程发展学理基础与理论趋势之探究,旨在建立台湾地区课程发展之学理基础,为下一波课程变革预作准备,针对K-12年级的中小学课程发展相关之学理基础,分别从课程理论与教育哲学、教学理论、认知心理学、文化研究、社会变迁等五个学理角度切入,先依据相关课程学理与研究进行文献探讨,分析课程发展之学理基础与理论趋势,建构适合台湾情境脉络与历史文化的课程发展理论基础,并进而针对台湾未来幼儿园、国民小学、国民中学、高中职的"K-12年级课程纲要"之修订提出建言。  相似文献   

学习科学与教育政策——2011计算机支持的协作学习国际会议回顾     

罗陆慧英  程介明 《开放教育研究》2011,17(5)

2011计算机支持的协作学习国际会议于2011年7月在香港举行。此次会议的主题是计算机支持协作学习的研究与教育政策和实践的链接,旨在促进CSCL研究对各级正规和非正规教育领域的政策和实践带来新启示。会议集中了全球学习科学、教育技术与协作学习领域的前沿科学家,是一次有关学习科学的盛会。除了在香港的研讨会,本次会议还增设了在广州、上海和北京的连锁会,因此在大陆也吸引了不少学者参与。作为2011CSCL会议的前奏,主办方在香港举行了一个小型的全球教育政策论坛,20位成员之中,一半是前沿的学习科学研究人员,另一半则是各国际机构的教育政策领军人物,他们就教育的微观与宏观研究,做了别开生面的对话。我们相信,有关学习科学的研究,必将成为教育领域的基础研究。  相似文献   

Assessing early arithmetic abilities: Effects of verbal and nonverbal response types on the calculation performance of middle-and low-income children     

Nancy C. JordanJanellen Huttenlocher  Susan Cohen Levine 《Learning and individual differences》1994,6(4)

In two studies, we compared young children's performance on three variations of a nonverbally presented calculation task. The experimental tasks used the same nonverbal mode of presentation but were varied according to response type: (1) putting out disks (nonverbal production); (2) choosing the correct number of disks from a multiple-choice array (nonverbal recognition); and (3) giving a number word (verbal production). The verbal production task required children to map numerosities onto the conventional number system while the nonverbal production and nonverbal recognition tasks did not. Study 1 showed that the performance of 3-, 4- and 5-year-old middle-income children (N = 72) did not vary with the type of response required. Children's answers to nonverbally presented addition and subtraction problems were available in both verbal and nonverbal forms. In contrast. Study 2 showed that low-income children (3- and 4-year-olds; N = 48) performed significantly better on both nonverbal response type tasks than on the verbal response type task. Analysis of individual data indicated that a number of the low-income children were successful on the completely nonverbal calculation tasks, even though they had difficulty with verbal counting (i.e., set enumeration and cardinality). The findings suggest that the ability to calculate does not depend on mastery of conventional symbols of arithmetic.  相似文献   

Evaluating a technology supported interactive response system during the laboratory section of a histology course          下载免费PDF全文

Vera D. Rinaldi  Nancy A. Lorr  Kimberly Williams 《Anatomical sciences education》2017,10(4):328-338

Monitoring of student learning through systematic formative assessment is important for adjusting pedagogical strategies. However, traditional formative assessments, such as quizzes and written assignments, may not be sufficiently timely for making adjustments to a learning process. Technology supported formative assessment tools assess student knowledge, allow for immediate feedback, facilitate classroom dialogues, and have the potential to modify student learning strategies. As an attempt to integrate technology supported formative assessment in the laboratory section of an upper‐level histology course, the interactive application Learning Catalytics^TM, a cloud‐based assessment system, was used. This study conducted during the 2015 Histology courses at Cornell University concluded that this application is helpful for identifying student misconceptions “on‐the‐go,” engaging otherwise marginalized students, and forming a new communication venue between students and instructors. There was no overall difference between grades from topics that used the application and grades from those that did not, and students reported that it only slightly helped improve their understanding of the topic (3.8 ± 0.99 on a five‐point Likert scale). However, they highly recommended using it (4.2 ± 0.71). The major limitation was regarding the image display and graphical resolution of this application. Even though students embrace the use of technology, 39% reported benefits of having the traditional light microscope available. This cohort of students led instructors to conclude that the newest tools are not always better, but rather can complement traditional instruction methods. Anat Sci Educ 10: 328–338. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

Patterns of Social Interaction of Mainstreamed Preschool Children: Hopeful News from the Field     

Nancy Herink  Patrick C. Lee 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1985,32(3):191-199

Much of the research on social interaction in mainstreamed settings has focused on “reverse mainstreamed” or special environments in contrast, the present study observed 600 social interactions in 19 regular preschools. Three findings emerged: a) retarded children are substantially integrated into the emotional and social life of the peer group, but not fully integrated into peer group verbal life; b) there is an inverse relationship between teachers’ initiation of social interaction with retarded children and the degree to which the latter are integrated into peer group life; and c) teachers provide retarded children with more verbal enrichment and emotional protection than these children receive from their peer group. On balance, these findings are fairly encouraging, suggesting that to a considerable extent mainstreaming is working in preschool classrooms.  相似文献   

Developing local oral reading fluency cut scores for predicting high‐stakes test performance          下载免费PDF全文

Sally L. Grapin  John H. Kranzler  Nancy Waldron  Diana Joyce‐Beaulieu  James Algina 《Psychology in the schools》2017,54(9):932-946

This study evaluated the classification accuracy of a second grade oral reading fluency curriculum‐based measure (R‐CBM) in predicting third grade state test performance. It also compared the long‐term classification accuracy of local and publisher‐recommended R‐CBM cut scores. Participants were 266 students who were divided into a calibration sample (n = 170) and two cross‐validation samples (n = 46; n = 50), respectively. Using calibration sample data, local fall, winter, and spring R‐CBM cut scores for predicting students’ state test performance were developed using three methods: discriminant analysis (DA), logistic regression (LR), and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (ROC). The classification accuracy of local and publisher‐recommended cut scores was evaluated across subsamples. Only DA and ROC produced cut scores that maintained adequate sensitivity (≥.70) across cohorts; however, LR and publisher‐recommended scores had higher levels of specificity and overall correct classification. Implications for developing local cut scores are discussed.  相似文献   

Increase in retention of a taste aversion by weanling rats after a long interval     

Philipp J. Kraemer  Nancy A. Lariviere  Norman E. Spear 《Learning & behavior》1988,16(2):191-194

Weanling rats were tested for retention of an aversion to a novel flavor (chocolate milk) that had been conditioned as a single-element conditioned stimulus (CS) or in compound with a novel ambient odor (banana). The presence of the ambient odor during conditioning had no effect on flavor aversion shortly thereafter, confirming previous results. The flavor aversion observed 21 days after conditioning, however, was significantly stronger for pups conditioned with the single-element CS than for those given the flavor-odor compound as the CS. This retention effect was due to a surprisingincrease in the conditioned aversion observed 21 days after conditioning with the single-element CS. A second experiment confirmed this paradoxical increase in retention of the aversion to chocolate milk. This experiment also verified that no such increase occurred in retention of the conditioned aversion to a different flavor (saccharin), whether the initial aversion was strong or weak. The results may be explained in terms of generalized latent inhibition from consumption of mother’s milk.  相似文献   

Designing a networked–sharing construction environment     

Sunny Lin  Chuen–Tsai Sun  & Gloria Kao 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2002,33(4):489-492

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Balancing varied assessment functions to attain systemic validity: Three is the magic number     

Daniel T. Hickey  Steven J. Zuiker  Gita Taasoobshirazi  Nancy Jo Schafer  Marina A. Michael 《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2006,32(3):180

Accountability-oriented reforms demand immediate and continual gains on achievement test, for all students, and without diminishing other outcomes or undermining instruction. This paper describes a framework for aligning classroom assessment and external testing with the aim of negotiating these seemingly contradictory goals. The framework varies the sensitivity to instruction and the representations of knowledge across approaches to assessment. Cycles of design- based studies successively refine relationships between a curriculum and the frame that each assessment provides. Doing so, we argue, leverages the unique formative and summative balance across assessments in order to scaffold learning and demonstrate the “consequential” validity of our strategy without compromising curricula, instruction, or the “evidential” validity that warrants their continued use.  相似文献   

Auditory Frequency Resolution in Human Infancy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nancy Benson Spetner  Lynne Werner Olsho 《Child development》1990,61(3):632-652

Frequency resolution is a fundamental capacity of the auditory system that underlies the perception of all complex sounds. The development of this capacity has not been well characterized in humans. This investigation used a nonsimultaneous pulsation threshold technique to examine the development of infant frequency resolution. Psychophysical tuning curves were obtained for 3- and 6-month-olds and for adults at either 500, 1,000, or 4,000 Hz. Both the sensation level and the sound pressure level of the stimulus were varied for adults to determine the contribution of stimulus intensity to age differences in frequency resolution. At 500 and 1,000 Hz, 3- and 6-month-olds' tuning curve widths were equivalent to adults'. At 4,000 Hz, the 3-month-olds' tuning curves were broader than those of 6-month-olds and adults, even when absolute sound pressure level was equivalent. The maturation of psychophysical frequency resolution in infants is discussed in terms of the general development of the auditory system and of nonsensory factors that might contribute to age differences in performance.  相似文献