藏族“ ”（ ）符号的来源     

拉都 《康定民族师范高等专科学校学报》2005,14(6):12-14

对“ ”符号现在流行有这样几种说法：一是西藏传播说。二十世纪三十年代纳粹德国派遣的探险队对西藏进行了较为详细的探险、考察，他们在西藏发现了藏传佛教广为使用的“ ”符号，将这一符号带回德国，成为纳粹党的标志；二是一战前传入说。“ ”是1910年传入霍亨佐仑德意志帝国，逐渐被视为日耳曼人高贵身份的象征；三是印度传入说。“ ”是由印度人创造出的符号，这个符号由于文化的传播，各个文明间的互动而逐渐传播到世界各地，而这个符号本身也在传播中逐渐变化产生出不同的式样，但都出于同源，是文化传播中的不同演变形势。本文对“ ”符号的来龙去脉进行了探讨。  相似文献   

Education and colonial language policies in Latin America and the Caribbean     

Thomas J. La Belle  Peter S. White 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1978,24(3):243-261

In Latin America governmental responses to the language issue have ranged from suppression of non-European languages to active promotion of at least a limited bilingualism. The thesis of this article is that the inconsistencies are primarily a function of economic and social struggles among contending national elites with the common goal of compelling subordinate groups to adapt to the behaviors and expectations of the elite groups. Not until the nineteenth century witnessed a shift to capital-intensive modes of production did the schools become a major locus for implementation of governmental policy. Then the schools were called upon in a direct and massive way to augment traditional forms of social control.

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Zusammenfassung In Latein-Amerika reichte die Reaktion der Regierungen auf sprachliche Probleme von der Unterdrückung nicht-europäischer Sprachen bis zur aktiven Förderung wenigstens einer begrenzten Zweisprachigkeit. Dieser Artikel vertritt den Standpunkt, die Gegensätze seien hauptsächlich bedingt durch wirtschaftliche und soziale Kämpfe zwischen wetteifernden nationalen Führungsschichten, die alle das gleiche Ziel verfolgen, untergeordnete Gruppen zu zwingen, die Verhaltensweisen und Erwartungen der Führungsgruppen zu übernehmen. Erst als sich das 19. Jahrhundert allmählich auf kapital-intensive Produktionsweisen umstellte, wurden die Schulen in höherem Masse Zuchtstätten der Regierungspolitik. Danach wurden sie unmittelbar und massiv aufgerufen, traditionelle Formen der Gesellschaftskontrolle zu verstärken.

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Résumé En Amérique Latine les réponses gouvernementales à la question du langage sont passées d'une suppression des langages non-européens à leur promotion active, ou du moins à un certain bilingualisme. La thèse de cet article est que ces inconséquences sont avant tout fonction des luttes économiques et sociales entre les élites nationales en présence dont le but commun est de contraindre les groupes subordonnés à s'adapter à leurs manières d'être et à leurs expectations. Ce n'est qu'après que le dixneuvième siècle ait été le témoin d'un glissement vers des méthodes de production à haute teneur en capitaux que les écoles sont devenues le locus principal de mise en oeuvre de la politique gouvernementale. On a eu, alors, recours aux écoles d'une façon directe et massive pour augmenter les formes traditionnelles de contrôle social.

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Teachers’ Emotion Minimizing Language and Toddlers’ Social Emotional Competence     

Elizabeth K. King  Karen M. La Paro 《Early education and development》2018,29(8):989-1003

Teachers in toddler classrooms are important agents of emotion socialization. The current study examined teachers’ use of emotion minimizing language in toddler classrooms and toddlers’ social emotional competence. Teachers’ emotion minimizing language is described as language that purposefully distances them from a child’s emotions and discourages children’s expression of their emotions. Research Findings: Results indicate a negative relationship between teachers’ emotion minimizing language and toddlers’ social emotional competence when program quality, child age, and child gender are controlled. Practice or Policy: Implications relevant to teacher preparation programs and professional development are discussed, with a primary focus on the methods by which teachers are trained to use language to respond to young children’s emotions.  相似文献   

Hybrid heuristic and mathematical programming in oil pipelines networks： Use of immigrants     

DELACRUZJ.M. HERRAN-GONZALEZA. RISCO-MARTINJ.L. ANDRES-TOROB. 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2005,6(1):9-19

We solve the problem of petroleum products distribution through oil pipelines networks. This problem is modelled and solved using two techniques: A heuristic method like a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm and Mathematical Programming. In the multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, several objective functions are defined to express the goals of the solutions as well as the preferences among them. Some constraints are included as hard objective functions and some are evaluated through a …  相似文献   

浅谈藏族的哈达     

拉都 《康定民族师范高等专科学校学报》2005,14(2):22-25

“哈达”是藏民族十分珍爱且普遍使用着的一种吉祥物。本文对藏族哈达的来历、制作方法、作用以及敬献和接受哈达的规矩做较为详细的探讨。  相似文献   

加工过程中高分子材料形态控制的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李忠明  马劲 《中国科学基金》2004,18(3):154-157

高分子材料的性能不仅依赖于大分子的化学结构和链结构，而且在 很大程度上依 赖于结晶、取向形态及多相体系的相形态。开展高分子材料在加工过程中的热、应力场作用 下形态形成、演化、调控及“定构”研究对发展高分子成型加工基础理论、开发高性能化、 复 合化、多功能化、低成本化及清洁化高分子材料有重要意义。本文简述了加工过程中高分子 材料形态控制的研究进展，包括国内外研究现状、存在的问题和我国的差距及未来研究的重 要科学问题。  相似文献   

Students as political actors? Similarities and differences across six European nations     

Rachel Brooks  Achala Gupta  Sazana Jayadeva  Jessica Abrahams  Predrag Lažetić 《British Educational Research Journal》2020,46(6):1193-1209

Drawing on data from students, higher education staff and policymakers from six European countries, this article argues that it remains a relatively common assumption that students should be politically engaged. However, while students articulated a strong interest in a wide range of political issues, those working in higher education and influencing higher education policy tended to believe that students were considerably less politically active than their predecessors. Moreover, while staff and policy influencers typically conceived of political engagement in terms of collective action, articulated through common reference to the absence of a ‘student movement’ or unified student voice, students’ narratives tended not to valorise ‘student movements’ in the same way and many categorised as ‘political’ action they had taken alone and/or with a small number of other students. Alongside these broad commonalities across Europe, the article also evidences some key differences between nation-states, institutions and disciplines. In this way, it contributes to the comparative literature on young people’s political engagement specifically, as well as wider debates about the ways in which higher education students are understood.  相似文献   

ATriple Iron triathlon leads to a decrease in total body mass but not to dehydration     

Knechtle B  Knechtle P  Rosemann T  Oliver S 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2010,81(3):319-327

A loss in total body mass during an ultraendurance performance is usually attributed to dehydration. We identified the changes in total body mass, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and selected markers of hydration status in 31 male nonprofessional ultratriathletes participating in a Triple Iron triathlon involving 11.4 km swimming, 540 km cycling and 126.6 km running. Measurements were taken prior to starting the race and after arrival at the finish line. Total body mass decreased by 1.66 kg (SD = 1.92; -5.3 kg to +1.2 kg; p < .001), skeletal muscle mass by 1.00 kg (SD = 0.90; -2.54 kg to +2.07 kg; p < .001), and fat mass by 0.58 kg (SD = 0.78; -1.74 kg to +0.87 kg; p < .001). The decrease in total body mass was associated with the decrease in skeletal muscle mass (r = .44; p < .05) and fat mass (r = .51; p < .05). Total body water and urinary specific gravity did not significantly change. Plasma urea increased significantly (p < .001); the decrease in skeletal muscle mass and the increase in plasma urea were associated (r = .39; p < .05). We conclude that completing a Triple Iron triathlon leads to decreased total body mass due to reduced fat mass and skeletal muscle mass but not to dehydration. The association of decrease in skeletal muscle mass and increased plasma urea suggests a loss in skeletal muscle mass.  相似文献   

藏族传统吉祥八宝图的文化内涵及其象征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

拉都 《康定民族师范高等专科学校学报》2009,18(6):1-6

藏族传统吉祥八宝图,是藏族民间传统美术中最常见而又被赋予深刻内涵和吉祥喜庆喻意的装饰图。因物喻义,物吉图祥,构思巧妙,主题鲜明,趣味盎然,富有浓厚的民间色彩和民族特色,成为反映藏族人民吉祥愿望、追求幸福、风俗习惯、欣赏趣味的一个独特艺术门类,至今为藏族人们所喜闻乐见。本文介绍了藏族传统吉祥八宝图的文化内涵、象征以及审美意义。  相似文献   

Assessment Focus in Studio: What is Most Prominent in Architecture,Art and Design?     

Barbara De La Harpe  J. Fiona Peterson  Noel Frankham  Robert Zehner  Douglas Neale  Elizabeth Musgrave  Ruth McDermott 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2009,28(1):37-51

What can be learned about assessment from what educators in the creative practices focus their studio publications on? What should form the focus of assessment in architecture, art and design studios? In this article we draw on 118 journal articles on studio published over the last decade in three disciplines; architecture, art and design to inform the focus of studio assessment. We believe that what is published by educators themselves in these disciplines reveals what matters most to them. In addition, we argue that regardless of the primary emphasis placed in each discipline, assessment in studio should encompass a broad set of indicators. Within the wider literature including in architecture, art and design, a view of assessment is emerging that recognises the process and the person, beyond a view that positions the product or art/design arte‐fact above all else. Therefore, drawing on what educators in architecture, art and design mentioned most in the journal publications analysed, as well as the literature on good assessment, we offer a holistic model to guide and take studio assessment in the creative disciplines further.  相似文献