General physiology,experimental psychology,and evolutionism. Unicellular organisms as objects of psychophysiological research, 1877-1918   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Schloegel JJ  Schmidgen H 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2002,93(4):614-645

This essay aims to shed new light on the relations between physiology and psychology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by focusing on the use of unicellular organisms as research objects during that period. Within the frameworks of evolutionism and monism advocated by Ernst Haeckel, protozoa were perceived as objects situated at the borders between organism and cell and individual and society. Scholars such as Max Verworn, Alfred Binet, and Herbert Spencer Jennings were provoked by these organisms to undertake experimental investigations situated between general physiology and psychology that differed from the physiological psychology advocated by Wilhelm Wundt. Some of these investigations sought to locate psychological properties in the molecular structure of protoplasm; others stressed the existence of organic and psychological individuality in protozoa. In the following decades, leading philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Charles Sanders Peirce, and Henri Bergson, as well as psychological researchers like Sigmund Freud, integrated the results of these investigations into their reflections on such problems as the nature of the will, the structure of the ego, and the holistic nature of the reactions of organisms to their environment.  相似文献   

Philosophy of Biology in Britain     

Steven French 《Metascience》2007,16(3):535-537

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A probabilistic approach to polycrystalline plasticity part II: applications     

Steven J. Sackett  James M. Kelley  Peter P. Gillis 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1977,304(1):47-63

Using our constitutive theory for polycrystalline plasticity, we have calculated characteristic yield conditions for several sample materials in which the dependence of the dislocation velocity on stress is given by an empirical power function. The shape of the yield surfaces for these materials varies resembling that of von Mises when the stress exponent is small and that of Tresca when the exponent is large. Additional examples illustrate the ability of the proposed theory to model such phenomena as the development of anisotropy during plastic deformation, material hardening and softening, the occurrence of upper and lower yield points, and a Bauschinger effect.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic History     

Steven French 《Metascience》2007,16(3):475-477

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Elasticity : R.W. Little. 431 pages,diagrams, 6×9 in. Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs,N.J., 1973. Price, $18.95 (approx. £7.85).     

Steven C. Batterman 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1975,300(1):86-87

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Simon Cole,Suspect Identities: A History of Fingerprinting and Criminal Identification. Cambridge,Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001     

Jackson  Steven 《Metascience》2003,12(3):338-340

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Membrane-integrated microfluidic device for high-resolution live cell imaging     

Epshteyn AA  Maher S  Taylor AJ  Holton AB  Borenstein JT  Cuiffi JD 《Biomicrofluidics》2011,5(4):46501-465016

The design and fabrication of a membrane-integrated microfluidic cell culture device (five layers,≤500 μm total thickness) developed for high resolution microscopy is reported here. The multi-layer device was constructed to enable membrane separated cell culture for tissue mimetic in vitro model applications and pharmacodynamic evaluation studies. The microdevice was developed via a unique combination of low profile fluidic interconnect design, substrate transfer methodology, and wet silane bonding. To demonstrate the unique high resolution imaging capability of this device, we used oil immersion microscopy to image stained nuclei and mitochondria in primary hepatocytes adhered to the incorporated membrane  相似文献   

Obesity paradoxes     

McAuley PA  Blair SN 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(8):773-782

In this review, we examine the original obesity paradox phenomenon (i.e. in cardiovascular disease populations, obese patients survive better), as well as three other related paradoxes (pre-obesity, "fat but fit" theory, and "healthy" obesity). An obesity paradox has been reported in a range of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions. Pre-obesity (defined as a body mass index of 25.0-29.9 kg · m?2) presents another paradox. Whereas "overweight" implies increased risk, it is in fact associated with decreased mortality risk compared with normal weight. Another paradox concerns the observation than when fitness is taken into account, the mortality risk associated with obesity is offset. The final paradox under consideration is the presence of a sizeable subset of obese individuals who are otherwise healthy. Consequently, a large segment of the overweight and obese population is not at increased risk for premature death. It appears therefore that low cardiorespiratory fitness and inactivity are a greater health threat than obesity, suggesting that more emphasis should be placed on increasing leisure time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as the main strategy for reducing mortality risk in the broad population of overweight and obese adults.  相似文献   

Author’s response     

French  Steven 《Metascience》2021,30(1):23-29

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The 5I’s of Virtual Technologies in Laboratory Teaching for Faculties of Higher Education in Kerala     

Bose  Lakshmi S.  Humphreys  Steven 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2022,31(6):795-809

Journal of Science Education and Technology - In this paper, the effectiveness of training faculty in laboratory teaching (the teaching of science in a laboratory setting using experiments and...  相似文献